仪器仪表仿真系统在过程自动化工程师培养中的应用研究
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摘要
自动化仪器仪表在现代化工业生产中占有非常重要的地位,仪器仪表选择的好坏是衡量自动化水平的重要指标之一。对于一个合格的自动化过程工程师而言,不仅需要具备有研究各类仪器仪表的输入输出特性和故障分析的能力,还需要掌握常用的仪器仪表选型技术。然而目前而言,国内自动化过程工程师的教学有些理论偏离实际,很多过程工程师不具备有将仪器仪表的理论研究和实际工作相结合的能力。
为了较好的解决上述问题,本课题对常用的自动化仪器仪表进行了机理分析和动态仿真建模,同时收集了国内主要厂家自动化仪表的产品参数,建立了比较全面的自动化仪表产品数据库,编写了仪表自动选型软件。课题研究的自动化仪表包括调节阀、压力传感器、温度传感器、流量传感器和物位传感器。
本课题具体研究内容及研究成果如下：
1)常用自动化仪器仪表的机理分析和动态仿真建模工作,包括建模目的提出、建模及仿真思路的分析、建模机理的研究以及针对机理进行建模等四个方面内容；
2)仪表仿真采用C++编程语言实现,程序响应速度快,可移植性好。本课题所采取的设计模式为建造者模式,依据所建立的数学模型进行UML设计,模型包括用例分析、时序图以及设计图三方面内容；
3)搜集了国内主要厂家部分自动化仪表的产品数据,建立了产品数据库,并提供产品检索、添加和删除信息功能；
4)借助虚拟仪器的思想对仪器仪表进行界面及曲线实现,包括正常参数传递、曲线输出、仪器自定义和调节阀故障分析等环节；
5)编写了仪表自动选型软件,将仪表仿真模型和产品数据库进行链接。通过选择可配置参数,用户可以在相同工况下进行了对不同厂商同类型仪器的仿真曲线进行对比,极大的方便了仪器仪表选型工作,提高了自动化过程工程师的工作效率。
Automatic instruments play a very important role in modern industry, and the performance of instrument selection is one of critical indicators to judge the level of automation. The basic requirement for a qualified engineer includes knowledge about connection between input and output and failure analysis, common instruments selection techniques. However, so far as we can see, the teaching method for domestic automation engineers deviate from practice, and performance to combine theoretical study to practical instrument selection does not meet requirements.
To find the solution of these problems above, I spent a lot of time on mechanism analysis and dynamic simulation modeling for automatic instruments, collecting domestic instrument product information, established database for automatic instruments and program application for instrument automatic selection.
Automatic instruments in the research includes regulate vales, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors and level sensors.
The specific research contents and research result as follows:
1) Mechanism analysis and dynamic simulation modeling for common automatic instruments, including the solution for modeling, mechanism analysis and model simulation and so on;
2) Model simulation for instrument was implemented with C++, whose advantage includes fast response and better transplantation. Design pattern as construction mode created UML with mathematical models, and models was built on case analysis, sequence and design diagram;
3) Collecting automatic instruments from major domestic manufacturers, building product database for user search, add or delete information function.
4) With virtual instrument design method, I engaged model simulation on automatic instrument, including normal parameters analysis, curve output and control valve fault simulation analysis.
5) Instrument automatic selection application was completed for link simulation models and product database. By parameters configuration, user will get simulation curve from different products. It will facilitate user to select the most appropriate instrument and be benefit to improve efficiency for automation engineers.
为了较好的解决上述问题,本课题对常用的自动化仪器仪表进行了机理分析和动态仿真建模,同时收集了国内主要厂家自动化仪表的产品参数,建立了比较全面的自动化仪表产品数据库,编写了仪表自动选型软件。课题研究的自动化仪表包括调节阀、压力传感器、温度传感器、流量传感器和物位传感器。
本课题具体研究内容及研究成果如下：
1)常用自动化仪器仪表的机理分析和动态仿真建模工作,包括建模目的提出、建模及仿真思路的分析、建模机理的研究以及针对机理进行建模等四个方面内容；
2)仪表仿真采用C++编程语言实现,程序响应速度快,可移植性好。本课题所采取的设计模式为建造者模式,依据所建立的数学模型进行UML设计,模型包括用例分析、时序图以及设计图三方面内容；
3)搜集了国内主要厂家部分自动化仪表的产品数据,建立了产品数据库,并提供产品检索、添加和删除信息功能；
4)借助虚拟仪器的思想对仪器仪表进行界面及曲线实现,包括正常参数传递、曲线输出、仪器自定义和调节阀故障分析等环节；
5)编写了仪表自动选型软件,将仪表仿真模型和产品数据库进行链接。通过选择可配置参数,用户可以在相同工况下进行了对不同厂商同类型仪器的仿真曲线进行对比,极大的方便了仪器仪表选型工作,提高了自动化过程工程师的工作效率。
Automatic instruments play a very important role in modern industry, and the performance of instrument selection is one of critical indicators to judge the level of automation. The basic requirement for a qualified engineer includes knowledge about connection between input and output and failure analysis, common instruments selection techniques. However, so far as we can see, the teaching method for domestic automation engineers deviate from practice, and performance to combine theoretical study to practical instrument selection does not meet requirements.
To find the solution of these problems above, I spent a lot of time on mechanism analysis and dynamic simulation modeling for automatic instruments, collecting domestic instrument product information, established database for automatic instruments and program application for instrument automatic selection.
Automatic instruments in the research includes regulate vales, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors and level sensors.
The specific research contents and research result as follows:
1) Mechanism analysis and dynamic simulation modeling for common automatic instruments, including the solution for modeling, mechanism analysis and model simulation and so on;
2) Model simulation for instrument was implemented with C++, whose advantage includes fast response and better transplantation. Design pattern as construction mode created UML with mathematical models, and models was built on case analysis, sequence and design diagram;
3) Collecting automatic instruments from major domestic manufacturers, building product database for user search, add or delete information function.
4) With virtual instrument design method, I engaged model simulation on automatic instrument, including normal parameters analysis, curve output and control valve fault simulation analysis.
5) Instrument automatic selection application was completed for link simulation models and product database. By parameters configuration, user will get simulation curve from different products. It will facilitate user to select the most appropriate instrument and be benefit to improve efficiency for automation engineers.
引文
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[4]Claudio Garcia. Comparison of friction models applied to a control valve[J]. Control Engineering Practice,2008,10(16):1231-1243
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[2]潘永成.压力调节阀的流场流动特性和流固耦合特性研究[D].山东：山东大学,2010
[3]谢玉东,王勇,延俊.大型调节阀死区的颤振补偿研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(1)：166-169
[4]Claudio Garcia. Comparison of friction models applied to a control valve[J]. Control Engineering Practice,2008,10(16):1231-1243
[5]张宏建,蒙建波.自动检测技术与装置[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008,1：96-242
[6]刘爱华,满宝元.传感器原理与应用技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006：31-32
[7]陆培文.调节阀实用技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.5：20-500
[8]邢丽娟,杨世忠.调节阀特性及选择方法[J].煤矿机械,2007,28(5)：164-166
[9]贺可杰,逯占国.控制回路中气动调节阀的选用[J]. SCIENCE INFORMATION,2007,16:78
[10]Martin Owen. Structure and Discourse in a telematic learning environment[J]. Educational Technology & Society,2000,3(3):34
[11]曹王剑.常用流量计选型设计方法的讨论[J].株冶科计,1992,20(3)：196-200
[12]许小华.热电阻温度计和热电偶温度计的比较与使用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2009,23：56-57
[13]Ferran Reverter, Xiujun Li, Gerard C.M. Meijer. Liquid-level measurement system based on a remote grounded capacitive sensor[J]. Sensors and Actuators A:Physical.2007,1(138):1-8
[14]Franc Cimerman, Bogdan Blagojevic, Ivan Bajsic.Identification of the dynamic properties of temperature-sensors in natural and petroleum gas[J]. Sensors and Actuators A:Physical.2002
[15]Liu, Hongjun.Investigation on dynamic response characteristics of a output-flow-stabilized regulator [J]. Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology,1999,20(2):60-64
[16]张宋强,卓华,宋长亮.孔板流量计计算系统软件的设计及实现[J].计量与测试技术,2009,36(11)：10-12
[17]Zhen Wang, Tao Zhang. Computational study of the tangential type turbine flowmeter [J]. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,2008,19(5):233-239
[18]付卫东,袁修干,梅志光.管路系统通过调节阀控制气体流动的动态数学模型建立[J].航空学报,1999,20：200-203
[19]马静,陈静,李杰.航空快速电磁阀的设计和仿真研究[J].计算机仿真,2009,26(9)：24-28
[20]宋伟,倪平,马新勇.锅炉给水汽轮机调速系统中压力调节阀的仿真研究[J].机床与液压,2010,38(13)：137-139
[21]Hu, Yueli.Yang, Kai,Jiang, Yuxi.Voltage regulator architecture used in automotive electronics [J]. Proceedings-3rd International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation,2011(3):1135-1138
[22]屈念民.气动薄膜调节阀的工作原理与应用[J].仪器与未来.1991,11：12-15
[23]王利恒,李昌禧.电容式涡街流量计的建模与仿真[J].计算机仿真,2009,26(11)：339-341
[24]邬惠峰,严义,吴红娉.基于ANSYS的电磁流量计建模研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(2)：372-376
[25]徐科军,张瀚.一种科氏流量计的数字信号处理与驱动方法研究[J].计量学报,2004,25(4)：339-344
[26]Zohir Dibi, M. Lamine Hafiane. Artificial neural network-based hysteresis estimation of capacitive pressure sensor. physical status solidi[J]. High Pressure Semiconductor Physics (HPSP-12),2007,1(244):468-473
[27]Dirk De Bruyker, Robert Puers. Thermostatic control for temperature compensation of a silicon pressure sensor[J]. Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2000,1-3(82):120-127
[28]邱栋梁,孙传友.差压式流量测量系统[J].石油仪器,2005,12(19)：53-55
[29]倪伟,科军.基于时变信号模型的科里奥利质量流量计信号处理方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,4(26)：358-364
[30]Yang Gao, Yishen Qiu, Huaixi Chen.Four-channel fiber loop ring-down pressure sensor with temperature compensation based on neural networks[J]. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,2010,8(52):1796-1799
[31]Franc Cimerman, Bogdan Blagojevic, Ivan Bajsic. Identification of the dynamic properties of temperature-sensors in natural and petroleum gas[J]. Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2002, 1(96):1-13
[32]魏永祥.案例教学在化工仪表及自动化课程中的探索与实践[J].中国现代教育装备,2010,13：118-119
[33]王学伟.现代传感器技术[M].北京：北京化工大学出版社
[34]曾珞亚,李学聪,唐雄民.MATLAB与VB辅助化工仪表及自动化教学的研究[J].软件导刊,2010,9(1)：196-197
[35]樊继东.虚拟仪器通用测试平台设计[J].仪表技术,2011(2)：137-140
[36]魏万印,成永军,冯焱.基于LabVIEW的定向流真空校准虚拟仪器开发[J].自动化与仪表,2010(1)：18-20
[37]魏文雄,刘春雷.浅谈SQL Server数据库访问.自动化与仪器仪表,2010.04：125-128
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