城市社区服务的发展研究
摘要
社区是现代城市的基础，随着经济和社会的发展，社区与人们的生活联系越来越密切，社区建设在社会中的作用越来越重要。而社区服务作为社区建设的一个重要内容，是体现社区建设的一个重要方面。近年来，我国的社区服务得到了长足的发展，并且取得了很多成功的经验，但是与世界上成熟的社区服务相比还有很多的不足之处。随着社区服务工作的开展，迫切需要一种比较适合实际的社区服务的模式，这种模式的建立将会是有利于社区服务功能的发挥，有利于社区促进就业，有利于促进社区经济的发展是。本文将从社区服务的理论入手，研究国内外社区服务的发展历程，从如何发挥社区服务功能的角度，分析国内外社区服务的成功经验，寻找国内外在社区服务过程的异同点，在分析对比的基础上建立适合我国实际的社区服务的模式，并对今后社区服务的发展，提出建设性的建议。本文主要是采用对比分析的方法，吸收和借鉴国外社区服务的成功经验，与我国社区发展的现状相结合，构建社区服务的事业化和产业化运作模式，提出建立社区服务的运行机制，加强社区服务的队伍建设，建立社会支持和服务的网络，以及推动社区服务产业化，以此来促进社区服务的发展。
Community is the basic element of modern city. With The development of economic and society, community has the more and more relationship with the people's life, building the community play the more and more important function in the society. The service of the community is the key factor of the building community, which can reflect the development of building community. In recent years, the service of community in china has the great development and also get some succeed experience, but compared with the other oversea community there are some shortcoming in our service. We need some mode of community service which can combine with our situation. In this mode, the function of community service can be used efficiently, more and more job opportunity can be found, economy of community can be developed effectively. In this article, the author will analysis the theory of community, the history of the oversea community development and the succeed experience of oversea community service. We can find some same and d
ifference point of the community service in oversea community from how to play the function of community service. The author will set the mode of community service based on the comparative of oversea community service, and also give some advice in the coming development of community service. This article uses the comparative and analysis method adopting and learning oversea succeed experience in community service. Combined with the development of community service in china, the author does not only set up the mode but also give some advice in which we can learn how to use the project and industry to accelerate the development of community service.
Community is the basic element of modern city. With The development of economic and society, community has the more and more relationship with the people's life, building the community play the more and more important function in the society. The service of the community is the key factor of the building community, which can reflect the development of building community. In recent years, the service of community in china has the great development and also get some succeed experience, but compared with the other oversea community there are some shortcoming in our service. We need some mode of community service which can combine with our situation. In this mode, the function of community service can be used efficiently, more and more job opportunity can be found, economy of community can be developed effectively. In this article, the author will analysis the theory of community, the history of the oversea community development and the succeed experience of oversea community service. We can find some same and d
ifference point of the community service in oversea community from how to play the function of community service. The author will set the mode of community service based on the comparative of oversea community service, and also give some advice in the coming development of community service. This article uses the comparative and analysis method adopting and learning oversea succeed experience in community service. Combined with the development of community service in china, the author does not only set up the mode but also give some advice in which we can learn how to use the project and industry to accelerate the development of community service.
引文
[1]Amitai Etzioni. The Spirit of community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda. New York: Crown Publishers. Inc, 1993
[2]Arthur Hillman. Making Democracy Work a Study of Neighborhood Organization. New York: National Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers, 1968
[3]Figueria-Mcdonough. Community Analysis and Praxis: Toward a Grounded Civil Society. Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, M1, 2001
[4]Herbert J, Rubin & Irene S, Rubin. Community Organizing and Development. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon a Person Education Company Needham Heights, 2001
[5]Marie Weil, Dsw. Community Practice: Models in Action. New York: the Haworth Press, Inc, 1997
[6]Thomas Bender. Community and Social Change in American. New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 1978
[7]Larry Lyon. The community in Urban Society, Chicago: The Dorsey Press, 1987
[8]斐迪南·滕尼斯．共同体与社会．林荣远译．北京：商务印书馆，1999．12-13
[9]李力．城市社区建设与实践研究．沈阳：辽宁大学出版社，2002．13
[10]张鸿雁．侵入与接替——城市社会结构变迁新论．南京：东南大学出版社2000．355
[11]雷洁琼．转型中的城市基层社区组织．北京：北京大学出版社，2001．6
[12]富永健．社会结构与社会变迁．董兴华译．昆明：云南人民出版社，1988．150
[13]黎熙元，何肇发．现代社区概论．广州：中山大学出版社，1998．118—119
[14]侯玉兰．城市社区发展国际比较研究．北京：北京出版社，2000．6
[15]唐忠新．中国城市社区建概论．天津：天津人民出版社．2000．4
[16]中国城市社区建设课题组．中国微型社区建设研究报告．北京：中国社会工作，1997(2)
[17]夏学銮．论社区建设十大关系．中国民政，1999，6：8—9
[18]杨超．西方社区建设的理论与实践．求是，2000，12：29—31
[19]程玉申，周敏．国外有关城市社区的研究述评．社会学研究，1998，4：54—61
[20]沃尔夫冈·查普夫．现代化与社会转型．赵文书译．北京：社会科学文献出版社，1998．52
[21]沈建国．新世纪中国城市化道路的探索．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001．76—77
[22]甘炳光，梁祖彬等．社区工作理论与实践．香港：香港中文大学，1998
[23]王思斌．体制改革中的城市社区建设的理论分析．新华文摘，2001，3：24—28
[24]夏建中．现代西方城市社区研究的主要理念与方法．社会学，2000，8
[25]杨宜勇．我国社区就业发展状况调查．成都：经济学家，2001，3：33—39
[26]李宝库．关于社区建设的几个问题．城市街居通讯，1999，12
[27]罗淳．社区问题探讨．理论与改革，1999，2
[28]金竹心．社区建设的能力、作用和策略．社会，2000，9：25
[29]姜凡．社区在西方：历史、理论与现状．社会学，2000，5：12—13
[30]赵佳琛．澄清社区建设的几个误区．城市问题，2000，6：10
[31]任平．时尚于冲突——城市文化结构与功能新论．南京：东南大学出版社，2000．142
[2]Arthur Hillman. Making Democracy Work a Study of Neighborhood Organization. New York: National Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers, 1968
[3]Figueria-Mcdonough. Community Analysis and Praxis: Toward a Grounded Civil Society. Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, M1, 2001
[4]Herbert J, Rubin & Irene S, Rubin. Community Organizing and Development. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon a Person Education Company Needham Heights, 2001
[5]Marie Weil, Dsw. Community Practice: Models in Action. New York: the Haworth Press, Inc, 1997
[6]Thomas Bender. Community and Social Change in American. New Jersey, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 1978
[7]Larry Lyon. The community in Urban Society, Chicago: The Dorsey Press, 1987
[8]斐迪南·滕尼斯．共同体与社会．林荣远译．北京：商务印书馆，1999．12-13
[9]李力．城市社区建设与实践研究．沈阳：辽宁大学出版社，2002．13
[10]张鸿雁．侵入与接替——城市社会结构变迁新论．南京：东南大学出版社2000．355
[11]雷洁琼．转型中的城市基层社区组织．北京：北京大学出版社，2001．6
[12]富永健．社会结构与社会变迁．董兴华译．昆明：云南人民出版社，1988．150
[13]黎熙元，何肇发．现代社区概论．广州：中山大学出版社，1998．118—119
[14]侯玉兰．城市社区发展国际比较研究．北京：北京出版社，2000．6
[15]唐忠新．中国城市社区建概论．天津：天津人民出版社．2000．4
[16]中国城市社区建设课题组．中国微型社区建设研究报告．北京：中国社会工作，1997(2)
[17]夏学銮．论社区建设十大关系．中国民政，1999，6：8—9
[18]杨超．西方社区建设的理论与实践．求是，2000，12：29—31
[19]程玉申，周敏．国外有关城市社区的研究述评．社会学研究，1998，4：54—61
[20]沃尔夫冈·查普夫．现代化与社会转型．赵文书译．北京：社会科学文献出版社，1998．52
[21]沈建国．新世纪中国城市化道路的探索．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2001．76—77
[22]甘炳光，梁祖彬等．社区工作理论与实践．香港：香港中文大学，1998
[23]王思斌．体制改革中的城市社区建设的理论分析．新华文摘，2001，3：24—28
[24]夏建中．现代西方城市社区研究的主要理念与方法．社会学，2000，8
[25]杨宜勇．我国社区就业发展状况调查．成都：经济学家，2001，3：33—39
[26]李宝库．关于社区建设的几个问题．城市街居通讯，1999，12
[27]罗淳．社区问题探讨．理论与改革，1999，2
[28]金竹心．社区建设的能力、作用和策略．社会，2000，9：25
[29]姜凡．社区在西方：历史、理论与现状．社会学，2000，5：12—13
[30]赵佳琛．澄清社区建设的几个误区．城市问题，2000，6：10
[31]任平．时尚于冲突——城市文化结构与功能新论．南京：东南大学出版社，2000．142