集群企业升级的知识创造研究
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摘要
本文针对集群企业升级的知识影响、集群企业的知识创造过程，以广东深圳手机产业集群中小企业为研究对象，分别进行了实证研究和探索性分析。
对集群企业升级的知识影响，本文以结构方程模型为主要的统计实证方法，以LISREL为工具，证实了跨国公司的专利技术和研发、生产等技术性技能，集群代理机构或公共服务机构的政策咨询，高校或研究机构的新的管理理念，集群外的专利技术等几种重要的知识流出对集群企业升级的影响，也证实了工艺升级、产品升级、研发功能升级和营销功能升级之间存在的因果关联；随后以SPSS为工具，用回归分析法论证了企业知识吸收能力对知识流出影响企业升级的调节作用；也论证了集群企业和不同知识源之间的结网强度、企业的人力资源状况对知识流出和企业知识吸收能力的影响：结网强度未显著影响知识流出，但与本土企业之间的结网强度影响了企业的知识吸收能力；人力资源的数量对知识流出、企业知识吸收能力均有影响。这在一定程度上分析解决了集群企业获取、利用外部知识的影响因素问题。
针对集群企业的知识创造过程，本文以野中郁次郎等人提出的知识创造螺旋模型为基础，以探索性案例分析法分析了手机集群中小企业经营过程中的知识转换过程、场的构成、知识资产的变化等方面的特点，提出了集群企业知识创造过程的知识辐射与演化循环模型，指出这种模型能高效传播扩散以及创造性利用既有知识。
本文的创新点主要包括三点：①论证了不同知识流出对集群企业具体升级形式的影响，并证实了其中企业知识吸收能力的调节作用；②证实了集群企业与本土企业之间的结网强度对企业知识吸收能力的影响，以及集群企业的人力资源的数量对企业知识吸收能力和吸收的知识流出的作用；③以探索性案例分析法探究集群企业的知识创造过程并提出相应的知识辐射与演化循环模型。
Can knowledge support upgrading of clustered enterprises? What factors caninfluence the support? And, what is the knowledge-creating process to fulfill theupgrading? To address these questions, this thesis respectively finishes an empiricalstudy and an exploratory case study taking the small and medium enterprises in theindustrial cluster of mobile phones in the Shenzhen City in Guangdong province assamples.
Regarding the knowledge supporting upgrading of clustered enterprises. Thisthesis proves the positive impacts of several kinds of important knowledge outflowson the upgrading, such as patents and skills in manufacturing or R&D frommultinationals, policy consultancy from public agencies, new management ideas fromuniversities or institutes, and patents outside the cluster. Also, it proves thecause-effect links among process upgrading, product upgrading, R&D functionupgrading and marketing function upgrading. In the course of analysis, structureequation model is taken as main empirical study method, and LISREL as the tool.
Further, this thesis utilizes regression analysis to prove the moderating role of theabsorptive capability over above impacts. Also, it analyzes the influences of humanresources and networking with different knowledge sources on knowledge outflowsand absorptive capability of clustered enterprises. SPSS is the tool of regressionanalysis.
Regarding the knowledge-creating process of clustered enterprises. This thesisfinishes an exploratory case study over the sample firms based on theknowledge-creating spiral model proposed by Nonaka et al.. It analyzes the knowledgeconversion, the structure and forms of Ba, and evolvement of knowledge assets in themanagement course of mobile phones from the small and medium enterprises. Then itdevelops a new model that can facilitate spread and creative utilization of existingknowledge, called the cycling model of knowledge radiation and evolvement.
Innovation of this thesis lies in three aspects. Firstly, it proves the impacts of theknowledge outflows on the upgrading of clustered enterprises, and also proves the moderating role of absorptive capability of the firms. Secondly, it proves thatnetworking with domestic firms positively influences the absorptive capability, and thequantity of human resources positively influences knowledge outflows of differentsources and the absorptive capability. Thirdly, it develops the cycling model ofknowledge radiation and evolvement of clustered enterprises based on the exploratorycase study.
对集群企业升级的知识影响，本文以结构方程模型为主要的统计实证方法，以LISREL为工具，证实了跨国公司的专利技术和研发、生产等技术性技能，集群代理机构或公共服务机构的政策咨询，高校或研究机构的新的管理理念，集群外的专利技术等几种重要的知识流出对集群企业升级的影响，也证实了工艺升级、产品升级、研发功能升级和营销功能升级之间存在的因果关联；随后以SPSS为工具，用回归分析法论证了企业知识吸收能力对知识流出影响企业升级的调节作用；也论证了集群企业和不同知识源之间的结网强度、企业的人力资源状况对知识流出和企业知识吸收能力的影响：结网强度未显著影响知识流出，但与本土企业之间的结网强度影响了企业的知识吸收能力；人力资源的数量对知识流出、企业知识吸收能力均有影响。这在一定程度上分析解决了集群企业获取、利用外部知识的影响因素问题。
针对集群企业的知识创造过程，本文以野中郁次郎等人提出的知识创造螺旋模型为基础，以探索性案例分析法分析了手机集群中小企业经营过程中的知识转换过程、场的构成、知识资产的变化等方面的特点，提出了集群企业知识创造过程的知识辐射与演化循环模型，指出这种模型能高效传播扩散以及创造性利用既有知识。
本文的创新点主要包括三点：①论证了不同知识流出对集群企业具体升级形式的影响，并证实了其中企业知识吸收能力的调节作用；②证实了集群企业与本土企业之间的结网强度对企业知识吸收能力的影响，以及集群企业的人力资源的数量对企业知识吸收能力和吸收的知识流出的作用；③以探索性案例分析法探究集群企业的知识创造过程并提出相应的知识辐射与演化循环模型。
Can knowledge support upgrading of clustered enterprises? What factors caninfluence the support? And, what is the knowledge-creating process to fulfill theupgrading? To address these questions, this thesis respectively finishes an empiricalstudy and an exploratory case study taking the small and medium enterprises in theindustrial cluster of mobile phones in the Shenzhen City in Guangdong province assamples.
Regarding the knowledge supporting upgrading of clustered enterprises. Thisthesis proves the positive impacts of several kinds of important knowledge outflowson the upgrading, such as patents and skills in manufacturing or R&D frommultinationals, policy consultancy from public agencies, new management ideas fromuniversities or institutes, and patents outside the cluster. Also, it proves thecause-effect links among process upgrading, product upgrading, R&D functionupgrading and marketing function upgrading. In the course of analysis, structureequation model is taken as main empirical study method, and LISREL as the tool.
Further, this thesis utilizes regression analysis to prove the moderating role of theabsorptive capability over above impacts. Also, it analyzes the influences of humanresources and networking with different knowledge sources on knowledge outflowsand absorptive capability of clustered enterprises. SPSS is the tool of regressionanalysis.
Regarding the knowledge-creating process of clustered enterprises. This thesisfinishes an exploratory case study over the sample firms based on theknowledge-creating spiral model proposed by Nonaka et al.. It analyzes the knowledgeconversion, the structure and forms of Ba, and evolvement of knowledge assets in themanagement course of mobile phones from the small and medium enterprises. Then itdevelops a new model that can facilitate spread and creative utilization of existingknowledge, called the cycling model of knowledge radiation and evolvement.
Innovation of this thesis lies in three aspects. Firstly, it proves the impacts of theknowledge outflows on the upgrading of clustered enterprises, and also proves the moderating role of absorptive capability of the firms. Secondly, it proves thatnetworking with domestic firms positively influences the absorptive capability, and thequantity of human resources positively influences knowledge outflows of differentsources and the absorptive capability. Thirdly, it develops the cycling model ofknowledge radiation and evolvement of clustered enterprises based on the exploratorycase study.
引文
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