主振荡功率放大器方案光纤激光相干合成技术
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摘要
光纤激光相干合成技术是实现高功率高亮度光纤激光系统的重要技术途径。论文采用主振荡功率放大器(MOPA)方案,全面系统的对光纤放大器阵列的相干合成技术进行了理论和实验研究。
本文运用夫琅禾费衍射理论,得到了光纤放大器阵列相干合成远场光强分布的理论模型,分别讨论了相干合成激光器数目、阵列占空比、相位、激光器间的部分相干性以及偏振对相干合成远场光强分布的影响;对光纤放大器的相位噪声进行了理论研究,分析了光纤放大器相位噪声的产生机理,为控制电路的设计提供理论指导;相位控制电路是整个锁相系统中最为关键的部分之一,它直接决定着相干合成的成败与否,论文根据外差探测的工作原理,设计了高频相位检测与控制电路,外差探测的移频量为40 MHz,相位校正精度优于λ/20,控制带宽大于10 KHz;论文对影响控制精度,控制带宽等性能指标的因素进行了分析,为控制电路的进一步优化和改进奠定了基础。
本文对MOPA方案光纤激光相干合成技术进行了深入的实验研究。首先用自主研制的相位检测与控制电路对输出功率为1 W的光纤放大器的相位噪声进行了实验研究和测量,功率为1 W的光纤放大器的相位噪声的频率小于1 KHz;然后采用两种相位控制方法实现了MOPA方案原型系统:
1)爬山法。借鉴自适应光学中相位控制理论,提出用爬山法对MOPA方案中掺镱光纤放大器进行相位探测与校正。通过自动寻优的方式不断改变相位调制器的控制电压,使系统输出保持在干涉最强处,爬山法系统的控制精度为λ/10。实验实现了两路掺镱光纤放大器的相干合成。
2)外差法。外差法通过探测信号光和受调制的参考光的干涉信号的变化实现对信号光相位变化的测量,通过实时探测和校正光路中相位的变化,确保输出光束的相位一致。首次在国内用外差法实现了三路掺镱光纤放大器的相干合成输出,其中每路光纤放大器的输出功率≥1 W,三路总功率≥3 W。系统开环时,远场光斑为动态、模糊的干涉条纹,条纹可见度为6%;系统闭环运行时,远场光斑为稳定、高对比度的干涉条纹,条纹可见度有大幅度提高,达到53%。这表明闭环控制使三路光纤激光的相位变化得到了有效补偿,系统实现了相位锁定运行和高相干度合成输出。
用外差法对主振荡功率放大器方案实现相位探测与校正时,对每路信号的相位控制都是独立进行的,每一路的相位变化都是相对参考信号而言的,系统多路扩展性强,可实现大功率相干合成输出。同时,论文的主振荡功率放大器方案可适用于固体激光器以及其它激光器的相干合成。
论文的工作为实现高功率激光器阵列的相干合成方案打下了理论和实验基础,具有重要的参考价值和应用实践意义。
Coherent beam combination of fiber laser arrays plays an important role in realizing high power, high radiance fiber laser systems. In this dissertation, coherent combining technique on fiber amplifier arrays using the master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration is studied experimentally and theoretically.
In the dissertation, we arrive at the theoretical model of far-field intensity distribution of fiber amplifier arrays by Fraunhofer Diffraction theory, study the effects of the numbers of the laser arrays, fill factor, phase, partial coherence and polarization on far-field intensity patterns; Phase noise generated in ytterbium fiber amplifiers is theoretically investigated, which should be helpful in designing servo control systems; In the field of fiber laser coherent combining, phase control of ytterbium fiber amplifiers is the most difficult technology in the Master Oscillator Power Amplifier scheme. We design a high-frequency phase control eletronics by heterodyne detection principle. In the heterodyne detection control system, the frequency is shifted 40 MHz and the control precision is better thanλ/20, control-loop bandwidth is more than 10 kHz. The factors that affect control precision and closed-loop bandwidth are also analyzed, so that the performance of control eletronics can be further optimized and improved.
Coherent combining technique of the master oscillator power amplifier configuration is experimentally investigated. First, we perform optical phase-noise measurements of a commercial 1 -W ytterbium fiber amplifier using our phase control eletronics, the dominant phase noises of the 1-W fiber amplifier are at frequencies below one kilohertz.
Two methods to realize phase control of ytterbium fiber amplifiers are studied.
a) "climbing hill". Using phase controll theory which is commonly used in adaptive optics, we propose "climbing hill" to realize phase control of ytterbium fiber amplifiers, which can automatically optimize the control voltage of phase modulator to keep the the output intensity of the system at the status of stable high brightness. The control precision is A/10 in the "climbing hill" control system. The coherent beam combining with two polarization maintaining ytterbium fibre amplifiers is experimentally realized.
b) "heterodyne detection". In heterodyne detection control system, the detector detects the interferential signal of each amplifier and the modulated reference beam to fulfill the phase noise measurements of ytterbium fibre amplifiers. Heterodyne detection can realize real-time detection and correction of the phase change to ensure phase coherence and matching between all elements of fiber amplifier arrays. Coherent beam combination of three ytterbium fiber amplifiers is firstly realized by heterodyne detection method. in the experiments, the output power of each ytterbium fiber amplifier is not less than 1 W and the total output power of the three amplifiers is not less than 3 W. When the control loop is turned off, the far field interference pattern is dynamic and blurred, the visibility of the interferential fringes is 6%; while the control loop is turned on, the far field interference pattern turns to stable and clear, and the fringes visibility is 53%. This indicates the phase noises of fiber amplifiers are properly controlled, the fiber amplifiers are phase-locked and coherent beam combination of the three beams is achieved.
In the MOPA configuration, each amplifier is independently locked to the reference beam, so the scalability of this system is good, high power fiber laser arrays can be obtained. Simultaneously, the MOPA configuration in this dissertation can be applied to coherent combination of solid-state lasers.
The results of this dissertation lay a foundation to realize higher power beam combination of laser arrays and will be useful for the applications in future.
本文运用夫琅禾费衍射理论,得到了光纤放大器阵列相干合成远场光强分布的理论模型,分别讨论了相干合成激光器数目、阵列占空比、相位、激光器间的部分相干性以及偏振对相干合成远场光强分布的影响;对光纤放大器的相位噪声进行了理论研究,分析了光纤放大器相位噪声的产生机理,为控制电路的设计提供理论指导;相位控制电路是整个锁相系统中最为关键的部分之一,它直接决定着相干合成的成败与否,论文根据外差探测的工作原理,设计了高频相位检测与控制电路,外差探测的移频量为40 MHz,相位校正精度优于λ/20,控制带宽大于10 KHz;论文对影响控制精度,控制带宽等性能指标的因素进行了分析,为控制电路的进一步优化和改进奠定了基础。
本文对MOPA方案光纤激光相干合成技术进行了深入的实验研究。首先用自主研制的相位检测与控制电路对输出功率为1 W的光纤放大器的相位噪声进行了实验研究和测量,功率为1 W的光纤放大器的相位噪声的频率小于1 KHz;然后采用两种相位控制方法实现了MOPA方案原型系统:
1)爬山法。借鉴自适应光学中相位控制理论,提出用爬山法对MOPA方案中掺镱光纤放大器进行相位探测与校正。通过自动寻优的方式不断改变相位调制器的控制电压,使系统输出保持在干涉最强处,爬山法系统的控制精度为λ/10。实验实现了两路掺镱光纤放大器的相干合成。
2)外差法。外差法通过探测信号光和受调制的参考光的干涉信号的变化实现对信号光相位变化的测量,通过实时探测和校正光路中相位的变化,确保输出光束的相位一致。首次在国内用外差法实现了三路掺镱光纤放大器的相干合成输出,其中每路光纤放大器的输出功率≥1 W,三路总功率≥3 W。系统开环时,远场光斑为动态、模糊的干涉条纹,条纹可见度为6%;系统闭环运行时,远场光斑为稳定、高对比度的干涉条纹,条纹可见度有大幅度提高,达到53%。这表明闭环控制使三路光纤激光的相位变化得到了有效补偿,系统实现了相位锁定运行和高相干度合成输出。
用外差法对主振荡功率放大器方案实现相位探测与校正时,对每路信号的相位控制都是独立进行的,每一路的相位变化都是相对参考信号而言的,系统多路扩展性强,可实现大功率相干合成输出。同时,论文的主振荡功率放大器方案可适用于固体激光器以及其它激光器的相干合成。
论文的工作为实现高功率激光器阵列的相干合成方案打下了理论和实验基础,具有重要的参考价值和应用实践意义。
Coherent beam combination of fiber laser arrays plays an important role in realizing high power, high radiance fiber laser systems. In this dissertation, coherent combining technique on fiber amplifier arrays using the master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration is studied experimentally and theoretically.
In the dissertation, we arrive at the theoretical model of far-field intensity distribution of fiber amplifier arrays by Fraunhofer Diffraction theory, study the effects of the numbers of the laser arrays, fill factor, phase, partial coherence and polarization on far-field intensity patterns; Phase noise generated in ytterbium fiber amplifiers is theoretically investigated, which should be helpful in designing servo control systems; In the field of fiber laser coherent combining, phase control of ytterbium fiber amplifiers is the most difficult technology in the Master Oscillator Power Amplifier scheme. We design a high-frequency phase control eletronics by heterodyne detection principle. In the heterodyne detection control system, the frequency is shifted 40 MHz and the control precision is better thanλ/20, control-loop bandwidth is more than 10 kHz. The factors that affect control precision and closed-loop bandwidth are also analyzed, so that the performance of control eletronics can be further optimized and improved.
Coherent combining technique of the master oscillator power amplifier configuration is experimentally investigated. First, we perform optical phase-noise measurements of a commercial 1 -W ytterbium fiber amplifier using our phase control eletronics, the dominant phase noises of the 1-W fiber amplifier are at frequencies below one kilohertz.
Two methods to realize phase control of ytterbium fiber amplifiers are studied.
a) "climbing hill". Using phase controll theory which is commonly used in adaptive optics, we propose "climbing hill" to realize phase control of ytterbium fiber amplifiers, which can automatically optimize the control voltage of phase modulator to keep the the output intensity of the system at the status of stable high brightness. The control precision is A/10 in the "climbing hill" control system. The coherent beam combining with two polarization maintaining ytterbium fibre amplifiers is experimentally realized.
b) "heterodyne detection". In heterodyne detection control system, the detector detects the interferential signal of each amplifier and the modulated reference beam to fulfill the phase noise measurements of ytterbium fibre amplifiers. Heterodyne detection can realize real-time detection and correction of the phase change to ensure phase coherence and matching between all elements of fiber amplifier arrays. Coherent beam combination of three ytterbium fiber amplifiers is firstly realized by heterodyne detection method. in the experiments, the output power of each ytterbium fiber amplifier is not less than 1 W and the total output power of the three amplifiers is not less than 3 W. When the control loop is turned off, the far field interference pattern is dynamic and blurred, the visibility of the interferential fringes is 6%; while the control loop is turned on, the far field interference pattern turns to stable and clear, and the fringes visibility is 53%. This indicates the phase noises of fiber amplifiers are properly controlled, the fiber amplifiers are phase-locked and coherent beam combination of the three beams is achieved.
In the MOPA configuration, each amplifier is independently locked to the reference beam, so the scalability of this system is good, high power fiber laser arrays can be obtained. Simultaneously, the MOPA configuration in this dissertation can be applied to coherent combination of solid-state lasers.
The results of this dissertation lay a foundation to realize higher power beam combination of laser arrays and will be useful for the applications in future.
引文
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