基于RS与GIS的厦门岛城市绿地整体可达性研究
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摘要
城市绿地是城市景观的重要组成元素,作为城市中各种动植物的主要栖息场所,在功能上起着改善城市生态环境,维持城市生态平衡的重要作用。同时,城市绿地是城市中最富有自然元素的生态空间,可以为城市提供各种社会效益和生态服务,具有为市民提供休闲娱乐场所,体现城市的历史文化价值,改善城市形象等重要作用,对于提高城市居民生活质量具有重要的意义。随着经济发展,城市居民也开始更加关注自己周围生活环境的质量,在这种背景下,城市绿地所起的这些作用正受到越来越多的重视,如何建设一个完善的城市绿地系统,使其发挥出更高的社会及生态效益,正是目前城市绿地建设工作中所面临的一个问题。
在本研究中,利用遥感技术提取了厦门岛植被与水体的主要分布情况,并以ArcGIS软件平台为基础,将遥感影像与厦门岛高分辨绿全色卫星影像、厦门市用地分类图、远景绿线规划等其它多种数据来源结合在一起,分别建立了在现状与远景规划两种背景条件下的厦门岛数字地图,并以绿地面积及植被种类多样性为判断依据,划分了大中型城市绿地与小型城市绿地两种绿地资源类型。
在绘制的厦门岛数字地图基础上,利用ArcGIS的空间分析模块,在现状及远景规划两种背景下分别对厦门岛所有绿地及大中型绿地两种城市绿地的设置模式进行了可达性分析计算,以绿地可达性作为指标,对厦门岛现状城市绿地与远景规划绿线的分布状况合理性及各区域的城市绿地建设水平进行了评价;同时利用栅格叠加计算,对远景绿线规划为厦门岛绿地资源水平所带来的变化,以及不同背景下两种类型绿地资源影响的变化进行了精确分析;并以可达性分析为依据,结合了景观生态学的观点,对厦门岛的绿地建设工作提出了具体改进意见。
在厦门正以建设海湾型生态城市为目标稳步发展的今天,以绿地可达性作为评价指标,结合了遥感平台的数据提取与GIS系统的空间分析能力的这套城市绿地评价系统,将可以更好的实现科学配置绿地资源,提高现有资源利用效率,提早发现不足,有效分析不利因素,为厦门岛城市绿地建设工作的发展提供一个可靠的决策支持系统。
Urban green space is an essential component of urban landscape. As the main habitat of all propagation living in urban environment, urban green space can improve the conditions of urban environment and maintain the ecological balance of urban ecosystem. Further more, as a space where is full of nature elements, urban green space would also bring many social benefits to the city, such as enhance city influence, providing exercise sites for residents, and improving quality of city life.
Nowadays city residents have began to pay more attentions to the quality of the environment where they live. Because of this background, the effects of urban green space have also attracted more notice from the scholar all over the world, aim to design a better urban green system with both higher social and ecological benefits.
Through the RS and GIS technologies, we using the Xiamen Landsat TM Image, Xiamen land-use map and Xiamen prospective green space planning map as resource data to build a digital map of Xiamen as analyse platform. Green space accessibility is adopted as main evaluate index, the research estimated the efficiency of green space in current and in future on Xiamen island, and made proposals for the improvement of green space constructions in the area with bad accessibility condition, the opinions for furthur urban green system planning are also concluded at the end according to the characteristic of cost value distribution and ecology landscape principle.
The methods used in this research showed a good application potential in many aspects, such as looking for available resources, estimating urban green space conditions, displaying the variation of space distributions visually and so on, thus providing an effective decision support system to green space constructions of Xiamen in the future.
在本研究中,利用遥感技术提取了厦门岛植被与水体的主要分布情况,并以ArcGIS软件平台为基础,将遥感影像与厦门岛高分辨绿全色卫星影像、厦门市用地分类图、远景绿线规划等其它多种数据来源结合在一起,分别建立了在现状与远景规划两种背景条件下的厦门岛数字地图,并以绿地面积及植被种类多样性为判断依据,划分了大中型城市绿地与小型城市绿地两种绿地资源类型。
在绘制的厦门岛数字地图基础上,利用ArcGIS的空间分析模块,在现状及远景规划两种背景下分别对厦门岛所有绿地及大中型绿地两种城市绿地的设置模式进行了可达性分析计算,以绿地可达性作为指标,对厦门岛现状城市绿地与远景规划绿线的分布状况合理性及各区域的城市绿地建设水平进行了评价;同时利用栅格叠加计算,对远景绿线规划为厦门岛绿地资源水平所带来的变化,以及不同背景下两种类型绿地资源影响的变化进行了精确分析;并以可达性分析为依据,结合了景观生态学的观点,对厦门岛的绿地建设工作提出了具体改进意见。
在厦门正以建设海湾型生态城市为目标稳步发展的今天,以绿地可达性作为评价指标,结合了遥感平台的数据提取与GIS系统的空间分析能力的这套城市绿地评价系统,将可以更好的实现科学配置绿地资源,提高现有资源利用效率,提早发现不足,有效分析不利因素,为厦门岛城市绿地建设工作的发展提供一个可靠的决策支持系统。
Urban green space is an essential component of urban landscape. As the main habitat of all propagation living in urban environment, urban green space can improve the conditions of urban environment and maintain the ecological balance of urban ecosystem. Further more, as a space where is full of nature elements, urban green space would also bring many social benefits to the city, such as enhance city influence, providing exercise sites for residents, and improving quality of city life.
Nowadays city residents have began to pay more attentions to the quality of the environment where they live. Because of this background, the effects of urban green space have also attracted more notice from the scholar all over the world, aim to design a better urban green system with both higher social and ecological benefits.
Through the RS and GIS technologies, we using the Xiamen Landsat TM Image, Xiamen land-use map and Xiamen prospective green space planning map as resource data to build a digital map of Xiamen as analyse platform. Green space accessibility is adopted as main evaluate index, the research estimated the efficiency of green space in current and in future on Xiamen island, and made proposals for the improvement of green space constructions in the area with bad accessibility condition, the opinions for furthur urban green system planning are also concluded at the end according to the characteristic of cost value distribution and ecology landscape principle.
The methods used in this research showed a good application potential in many aspects, such as looking for available resources, estimating urban green space conditions, displaying the variation of space distributions visually and so on, thus providing an effective decision support system to green space constructions of Xiamen in the future.
引文
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Hardin P.J., Jensen R.R.. The effect of urban leaf area on summertime urban surface kinetic temperatures: A Terre Haute case study. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening [J]. 2007, doi:10.1016/j. ufug. 2007.01.005.
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Herzele A. V.. A monitoring tool for the provision of accessible and attractive urban green spaces. Landscape and Urban Planning [J]. 2003 ,63: 109-126.
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Jim C.Y.. Comprehensive greenspace planning based on landscape ecology principles in compact Nanjing city, China. Landscape and Urban Planning [J]. 2003 ,65: 95-116.
Jim C.Y.. Consumption preferences and environmental externalities: A hedonic analysis of the housing market in Guangzhou. Geoforum [J]. 2007,38: 414-431.
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Jung A.. Detection of urban effect on vegetation in a less built-up Hungarian city by hyperspectral remote sensing. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C [J]. 2005,30: 255-259.
Kong Fan-hua.. Using GIS and landscape metrics in the hedonic price modeling of the amenity value of urban green space: A case study in Jinan City, China. Landscape and Urban Planning [J]. 2007,79 : 240-252.
Kuhn M.. Greenbelt and Green Heart: separating and integrating landscapes in European city regions. Landscape and Urban Planning [J]. 2003, 64: 19-27.
Li F. Comprehensive concept planning of urban greening based onecological principles: a case study in Beijing, China. Landscape and Urban Planning [J]. 2005, 72: 325-336.
Lohr V.I., Pearson-Mims C.H., Tarnai J., Dillman D.A.. How urban residents rate and rank the benefits and problems associated with trees in cities. Journal of Arboriculture [J]. 2004, 30 (1): 28-34.
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Marisa T. Mamede Frischenbrudera, Paulo Pellegrino. Using greenways to reclaim nature in Brazilian cities. Landscape and Urban Planning [J]. 2006,76: 67-78.
McDonald A.G. Quantifying the effect of urban tree planting on concentrations and depositions of PM_(10) in two UK conurbations. Atmospheric Environment [J]. 2007,41: 8455-8467.
Nilsson K.. Urban greening as a vehicle for healthy and sustainable development. In: Working paper for design and appraisal of capacity development activities in urban environmental management. DANIDA Working Group on Experiences of Analytical Appraoches to Institutional Capacity Development within the Field of Urban EnvironmentalManagement. DANIDA, Copenhagen, 2004, 55-62.
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