基于生态位视角的科技型中小企业成长问题研究
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摘要
科技型中小企业是我国国民经济的重要力量和经济发展的增长点。据国家发展与改革委员会2004年6月发布的数据显示,我国约65%的专利由科技型中小企业发明,75%以上的技术创新由它们完成,80%以上的新产品由它们开发。因而研究我国科技型中小企业成长问题不仅具有明确的理论意义,而且具有迫切的现实意义。
针对我国科技型中小企业空间分布的现状与特点,本文从生态位的视角对处于初创期的科技型中小企业成长问题进行研究。本文对国内外主要的企业成长理论进行了考察,并对科技型中小企业成长的影响因素进行了系统梳理。在此基础上,构建了以生态学理论为主、结合管理学和区域经济学理论的科技型中小企业成长生态位理论。在该理论指导下,本文进行了实证研究。一方面,本文将各省区企业成长环境视作不同生态位,建立了评价指标体系,揭示了不同省区企业成长环境的差异,分析了产生差异的原因,有针对性地提出改善科技型中小企业成长环境的措施和建议。另一方面,本文以天津市科技型中小企业为例,研究了在同一生态位情况下,科技型中小企业个体之间的成长效率差异,分析了其产生的原因,并提出了加速科技型中小企业成长的对策。
论文主要工作和创新点如下:
(1)本文以国内初创期科技型中小企业为研究对象,借鉴生态学理论从生态位视角分析成长环境对科技型中小企业的影响。在前人研究基础上,对科技型中小企业生态位进行系统分析和集成,力图全面揭示生态位对初创期科技型中小企业的引导和制约作用。
(2)将我国各省区视作不同生态位,构建科技型中小企业成长环境的评价指标体系,运用因子分析和聚类分析方法进行实证研究,评价我国各省区科技型中小企业生态位环境分异现象。在定量分析基础上,对不同生态位差异进行解释,并在此基础上,提出当地政府构建有利于培育科技型中小企业成长环境的对策。
(3)以天津市为例,研究特定生态位内初创期科技型中小企业的成长效率,并设计了相关评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析方法C2R超效率模型评价天津市科技型中小企业的成长效率,尝试找出在生态位相同条件下影响科技型中小企业成长的原因。
Small and medium sized firms oriented the science and technology (hereinafter referred to as STS&M) is the main force to accelerate economic growth in our country. As shown in figures released in June 2004 by State Development and Reform Committee, about 65% of State patents are invented by STS&M, which accomplished over 75% technological innovation projects and explored over 80% new products. In this context, studies on STS&M’s development have obvious significance.
In view of the geographical distribution of STS&M in our country, the article intends to study from perspective of niche the development of STS&M that are on initial stage of establishment. To better orient the research perspective, the article sorted out major domestic and abroad theories on firm growth and classified these theories as external and internal factors that influence the growth of STS&M. In light of such thought and on the basis of regional economics, management and ecology, the article constitutes the theoretical basis for the growth of STS&M. Regarding the environment for firm growth in various regions as different niches, the article analyzed, through utilizing the multivariate statistics, the reason for difference in growth environment of firms in different regions nationwide and put forward suggestions for provincial governments on fostering sound growth environment for STS&M. Meanwhile, taking STS&M in Tinanjin as an example, the article studied the difference in growth efficiency for each single STS&M that are in same niche but influenced by internal factors, and further analyzed the reason and put forward strategies for boosting development as well.
The major work and innovation of the article are as following:
(1) The target of the article is domestics STS&M that is on the initial stage, the research perspective for their growth is therefore fixed on the influence of growth environment for STS&M from perspective of niche. Based on precedent’s study result and through system integration approach, this paper studied research theory and method from the perspective of niche for STS&M, meanwhile analyzed the growth environment and stressed the guiding and restriction impact that it has on STS&M.
(2) Regarding different region and province in our country are different niches, the article built up factor evaluating system for growth environment of STS&M, conducted case study through factor analyze and clustering analyze, evaluated the status of different geographical distribution for STS&M in various regions and provinces nationwide. On the basis of quantity analyze, the article provided explanation of geographic phenomenon in different regions and offered proposals for provincial government to foster a sound growth environment for STS&M.
(3) Taking Tianjin city as an example, the article analyzed the growth efficiency of STS&M in initial establishment and in same niche, designed factor appraisal system, utilized C2R DEA efficiency model to evaluate growth efficiency of STS&M in Tianjin, and therefore identified the internal factors that influence growth efficiency of STS&M that are in same niche.
针对我国科技型中小企业空间分布的现状与特点,本文从生态位的视角对处于初创期的科技型中小企业成长问题进行研究。本文对国内外主要的企业成长理论进行了考察,并对科技型中小企业成长的影响因素进行了系统梳理。在此基础上,构建了以生态学理论为主、结合管理学和区域经济学理论的科技型中小企业成长生态位理论。在该理论指导下,本文进行了实证研究。一方面,本文将各省区企业成长环境视作不同生态位,建立了评价指标体系,揭示了不同省区企业成长环境的差异,分析了产生差异的原因,有针对性地提出改善科技型中小企业成长环境的措施和建议。另一方面,本文以天津市科技型中小企业为例,研究了在同一生态位情况下,科技型中小企业个体之间的成长效率差异,分析了其产生的原因,并提出了加速科技型中小企业成长的对策。
论文主要工作和创新点如下:
(1)本文以国内初创期科技型中小企业为研究对象,借鉴生态学理论从生态位视角分析成长环境对科技型中小企业的影响。在前人研究基础上,对科技型中小企业生态位进行系统分析和集成,力图全面揭示生态位对初创期科技型中小企业的引导和制约作用。
(2)将我国各省区视作不同生态位,构建科技型中小企业成长环境的评价指标体系,运用因子分析和聚类分析方法进行实证研究,评价我国各省区科技型中小企业生态位环境分异现象。在定量分析基础上,对不同生态位差异进行解释,并在此基础上,提出当地政府构建有利于培育科技型中小企业成长环境的对策。
(3)以天津市为例,研究特定生态位内初创期科技型中小企业的成长效率,并设计了相关评价指标体系,运用数据包络分析方法C2R超效率模型评价天津市科技型中小企业的成长效率,尝试找出在生态位相同条件下影响科技型中小企业成长的原因。
Small and medium sized firms oriented the science and technology (hereinafter referred to as STS&M) is the main force to accelerate economic growth in our country. As shown in figures released in June 2004 by State Development and Reform Committee, about 65% of State patents are invented by STS&M, which accomplished over 75% technological innovation projects and explored over 80% new products. In this context, studies on STS&M’s development have obvious significance.
In view of the geographical distribution of STS&M in our country, the article intends to study from perspective of niche the development of STS&M that are on initial stage of establishment. To better orient the research perspective, the article sorted out major domestic and abroad theories on firm growth and classified these theories as external and internal factors that influence the growth of STS&M. In light of such thought and on the basis of regional economics, management and ecology, the article constitutes the theoretical basis for the growth of STS&M. Regarding the environment for firm growth in various regions as different niches, the article analyzed, through utilizing the multivariate statistics, the reason for difference in growth environment of firms in different regions nationwide and put forward suggestions for provincial governments on fostering sound growth environment for STS&M. Meanwhile, taking STS&M in Tinanjin as an example, the article studied the difference in growth efficiency for each single STS&M that are in same niche but influenced by internal factors, and further analyzed the reason and put forward strategies for boosting development as well.
The major work and innovation of the article are as following:
(1) The target of the article is domestics STS&M that is on the initial stage, the research perspective for their growth is therefore fixed on the influence of growth environment for STS&M from perspective of niche. Based on precedent’s study result and through system integration approach, this paper studied research theory and method from the perspective of niche for STS&M, meanwhile analyzed the growth environment and stressed the guiding and restriction impact that it has on STS&M.
(2) Regarding different region and province in our country are different niches, the article built up factor evaluating system for growth environment of STS&M, conducted case study through factor analyze and clustering analyze, evaluated the status of different geographical distribution for STS&M in various regions and provinces nationwide. On the basis of quantity analyze, the article provided explanation of geographic phenomenon in different regions and offered proposals for provincial government to foster a sound growth environment for STS&M.
(3) Taking Tianjin city as an example, the article analyzed the growth efficiency of STS&M in initial establishment and in same niche, designed factor appraisal system, utilized C2R DEA efficiency model to evaluate growth efficiency of STS&M in Tianjin, and therefore identified the internal factors that influence growth efficiency of STS&M that are in same niche.
引文
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