露天煤矿生产规模优化及综合工艺匹配模式研究
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摘要
随着我国露天煤矿生产规模的不断扩大,露天矿区采用采坑数量和规模化开采下的开采工艺成为我国露天煤矿发展的关键问题,本文从这两个方面,为我国露天煤矿大规模化开采提供理论基础。
     论文综合运用露天采矿学原理、可靠性理论和技术经济学,通过现场调查研究、理论分析和现场工程实践,以资源储量、生产技术和经济最优原则,建立了露天矿区单坑和多坑的生产规模优化模型;
     分析了影响矿山工艺选择的因素,基于各单一开采工艺的适用条件,根据单一开采工艺的空间分布、严格限制工艺与非严格限制工艺对综合工艺进行了分类,总结了各种综合工艺的特点,提出了不同综合工艺的适用条件,基于模糊数学和层次分析法,建立了开采工艺选择的综合评价模型,提出了确定综合工艺开采参数的方法,以及露天煤矿综合开采工艺中各单一工艺生产能力匹配原则及措施;
     基于各单一开采系统能力匹配原则,提出了综合开采工艺的动态调整方法,考虑各单一开采工艺相互关系,绘制了综合开采工艺的典型关系图,建立了综合工艺可靠性模型,提出了提高综合工艺开采矿山的可靠性的途径;
     根据露天煤矿开拓运输系统的基本特点,分析了个单一工艺相互干扰的影响因素,对综合开采工艺下开拓运输系统进行了优化,在分析破碎站布设位置影响因素的基础上,建立了综合工艺下破碎站的优化模型,基于总运输费用最少的原则,对模型进行了求解,利用数值计算迭代,求得最佳布设深度。对多采区开采露天煤矿开采过程中压帮高度、端帮搭桥移设步距、三角煤回收高度等关键参数进行了优化设计。通过对压帮内排数学模型的建立,得出了压帮内排的最优高度,根据最优高度,提出了不同压帮高度下缩短剥离物运距的方法—端帮搭桥,建立了端帮搭桥的优化模型,得出了端帮搭桥最佳移设步距,建立了三角煤回收的几何模型和计算方法。
     通过对平朔安太堡露天煤矿单坑规模分析、白音华露天煤矿单坑和多坑优化及黑岱沟露天煤矿综合工艺进行实例研究,验证了研究内容、方法与结果的正确性和有效性,为我国露天煤矿规模化开采提供了理论依据。
     该论文有图30幅,表9个,参考文献161篇。
The number of mining pits and mining technology systems under large scale mining adopted in surface mining areas have become the key issue in China’s rapid expansion of surface coal mines. This paper has put forward theoretical foundations for large-scale mining of surface mines.
     Based on the principle of mineral reserves, production technology and the optimal economics, the paper has established the models of annual production optimization for single and multiple pits mining by comprehensive use of surface mining theory, reliability and technology economics, field investigation and study, theory analysis and engineering practice.
     After analyzing influence factors of mining technology system selection, applicable conditions and spatial distribution of single mining technology system, key mining technology system and other mining technology systems, the paper has classified the combined mining technology systems, and summarized the characteristics and applicable conditions of various combined mining technology systems. Based on fuzzy mathematics and hierarchical analysis, the paper has established comprehensive evaluation model of mining technology system selection, and put forward the approach to determine the mining parameters of combined mining technology systems, and the productivity matching principles and parameters of each single mining technology system in combined mining technology systems of surface coal mines.
     Based on the productivity matching principles of each single mining technology system, the paper has put forward the dynamical adjustment method of combined mining system. According to the relationship among each single mining method, the paper has plotted the typical relationship figure, and established the reliability models of combined mining technology system and the approach to improve the reliability of mines with combined mining technology system.
     According to the analysis of basic characteristics of surface mine development haulage systems and influential factors of mutual interference among each single mining technology systems, the paper has optimized the development haulage system under combined mining technology system. After analyzing the factors in the position arrangement of crusher station, the model optimizing the position arrangement of crusher station has been established under combined mining technology system. Based on the principle of least total transportation costs, the paper has established the model by using numerical iterative and found out the optimal layout depth of crusher station.
     In the process of the multiple pits mining in surface coal mines, it is important to optimize the height of burying slope, the shift step of the built bridge on end-slope and the recovery height of triangle coal. The paper has established mathematical models to optimize the height of the inner-dumping with burying slope, the shift step of the built bridge on end-slope and the recovery height of triangle coal. The optimal height of the inner-dumping with burying slope, optimal shift step of the built bridge on end-slope and the method to shorten waste transportation distance under different height of burying slope have been obtained. The paper has also established the geometry model and calculation method for the triangle coal recovery.
     Take Antaibao Surface Coal Mine, Baiyinhua Surface Coal Mine and Heidaigou Surface Coal Mine as examples for case study, this dissertation verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the research topic, research methodology and research results, which is significant for enrichment and development of surface mining theories and practical application.
     There are 30 figures, 9 tables and 161 references.
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