电凝聚、光催化技术在染料水处理中的联合应用
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摘要
电凝聚技术和光催化技术分别在废水处理中被广泛运用，单项技术在用于处理有机废水方面也各有特点。电凝聚法能使微细固体颗粒和胶体凝聚，电解质分解，使有机物吸附、上浮，并被氧化还原。电凝聚不仅可以有效地去除悬浮物、胶体物质，并可去除硅、铁、锰等离子，还可以起到杀菌、脱色、除氟和软化水的作用。电凝聚通过阳极反应产生的羟基自由基(·OH)、臭氧等能有效降解有机物质，这种降解途径使有机物分解更加彻底，不易产生有毒害的中间产物，更符合环境保护的要求。光催化技术在较短时间内去除有机污染物的效果并不显著，但是该方法可以破坏染料分子中的生色基团，使污染水体的色度大大降低，使有机高分子分解成较小的有机分子，便于后续的生化处理。
电凝聚和光催化两项技术都可以作为有机废水的预处理手段使用，但至今尚未见到关于二者联合运用的报道。研究电凝聚和光催化联合处理工艺在水处理领域具有广泛的发展空间和良好的应用前景。
实验采用电凝聚、光催化联合处理工艺，以序批的操作方式对有代表性的活性艳红X-3B染料水进行处理，探索了此联合处理工艺和操作方式的可行性、有效性。这是本论文的创新点和精华所在。
实验中分别对影响电凝聚和光催化处理效果的有关参数进行了探讨，实验结果表明，用两种方法分别处理X-3B染料水时，都可以达到满意的脱色效果。通过试验比较两种处理效果：电凝聚对较高浓度染料废水能有效的进行处理，不论是色度和COD去除率都能达到70％～95％；光催化技术适宜处理低浓度染料废水，在用光催化处理低浓度的X-3B染料水时，运用悬浮型TiO_2催化剂进行实验操作，在适当的光强和光照剂量下，对色度的去除效果显著。
单纯的电凝聚处理活性艳红X-3B染料水耗时长；单纯的光催化处理要求初始浓度不能过高，色度过高不利于紫外光线的透过；通过两项技术的联合运用可克服上述单项技术不足，充分发挥二项技术的最佳效能，提高对活性艳红X-3B染料水的总体处理效果。高浓度染料废水先经过电凝聚处理，使水中的有机分子大大减少，水体变清，有利于提高后续光催化处理效果，进一步提高活性艳红X-3B染料水的脱色率和CODcr去除率。因此在联合处理工艺中研究了先电凝聚后光催化的联合处理工艺。
实验结果证实，电凝聚、光催化联合处理工艺对于较高浓度活性艳红X-3B染料水的处理可行、有效；序批式操作完全适合电凝聚、光催化的联合处理工艺。
Electrocoagulation and photocatalysis, each of which has own characteristic for organic wastewater treatment, are extensively used in wastewater treatment respectively. By electrocoagulation the tiny solids and colloids can be coagulated; electrolytes are decomposed; organics are adsorbed and floated, then oxidized or deoxidized. By electrocoagulation the suspended solids and colloids can be removed, as well as silicon ions, iron ions, manganese ions etc. In addition to these, it can be used for disinfection, decolonization, fluorin removal and water demineralization. During the course of electrocoagulation the organics should be degraded effectively by hydroxy free radical (-OH), ozone etc. created from anode reaction. The approach makes organics degraded more thoroughly, with little toxic intermedia product, which accord with environmental conservation. It is not apparent to remove organic wastes by photocatalysis, however, which might destroy some organic dye molecular diazonium color base, making chroma
of polluted water decrease greatly and converting organic high molecule to tiny organic molecule which is helpful to following biochemical polishing treatment.
Both of the two processes are used to primary treatment of organic wastewater, but so far there have never been reports about the combination of them used for wastewater treatment. The complex process, namely the combination of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis has extensive developing space and wonderful prospect in the field of water purification.
Representative stuff-RBBRX-3B selected are degraded by the combination of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis in this paper. The feasibility, validity of the technology is probed. This is the technical innovation in the field of water treatment, and this is also the most important section of the thesis.
The relevant parameters that influence treatment efficiency of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis in the experiment are studied separately. The results show that stuff-RBBRX-3B water is discolored perfectly when the two processes are used to treat the water respectively. Comparing the two results experimentally: electrocoagulation is effective to high concentration dyes aqueous solution, both the efficiency removal of chroma and that of organic matter can get 70%~95%; photocatalysis is suitable for low concentration dyes aqueous solution. When low density stuff-RBBRX-3B water is treated by photocatalysis, suspending catalyst are used in the experiment. Under the proper intensity and dosage of light, the effect of chroma removal is remarkable.
It is time-consuming to treat stuff-RBBRX-3B water only by electrocoagulation; it is desired for photocatalysis that the initial density is not too high which bring about high chroma retarding permeation of ultraviolet radiation; therefore the interest of the combining treatment
process is that the water is treated first by electrocoagulation, then by photocatalysis.
It is feasible and effective for high concentration stuff-RBBRX-3B with the electrocoagulation and photocatalysis combined treatment process. The association of two techniques might make up for each other, increasing overall treatment efficiency of stuff-RBBRX-3B water. First high concentration dyes aqueous solution is cleansed by electrocoagulation, becoming clear with all kinds of wastes reduced, which is favorable to improve the result of the following photocatalysis treatment and further elevate the colority removal and the CODcr removal of stuff-RBBRX-3B water.
电凝聚和光催化两项技术都可以作为有机废水的预处理手段使用，但至今尚未见到关于二者联合运用的报道。研究电凝聚和光催化联合处理工艺在水处理领域具有广泛的发展空间和良好的应用前景。
实验采用电凝聚、光催化联合处理工艺，以序批的操作方式对有代表性的活性艳红X-3B染料水进行处理，探索了此联合处理工艺和操作方式的可行性、有效性。这是本论文的创新点和精华所在。
实验中分别对影响电凝聚和光催化处理效果的有关参数进行了探讨，实验结果表明，用两种方法分别处理X-3B染料水时，都可以达到满意的脱色效果。通过试验比较两种处理效果：电凝聚对较高浓度染料废水能有效的进行处理，不论是色度和COD去除率都能达到70％～95％；光催化技术适宜处理低浓度染料废水，在用光催化处理低浓度的X-3B染料水时，运用悬浮型TiO_2催化剂进行实验操作，在适当的光强和光照剂量下，对色度的去除效果显著。
单纯的电凝聚处理活性艳红X-3B染料水耗时长；单纯的光催化处理要求初始浓度不能过高，色度过高不利于紫外光线的透过；通过两项技术的联合运用可克服上述单项技术不足，充分发挥二项技术的最佳效能，提高对活性艳红X-3B染料水的总体处理效果。高浓度染料废水先经过电凝聚处理，使水中的有机分子大大减少，水体变清，有利于提高后续光催化处理效果，进一步提高活性艳红X-3B染料水的脱色率和CODcr去除率。因此在联合处理工艺中研究了先电凝聚后光催化的联合处理工艺。
实验结果证实，电凝聚、光催化联合处理工艺对于较高浓度活性艳红X-3B染料水的处理可行、有效；序批式操作完全适合电凝聚、光催化的联合处理工艺。
Electrocoagulation and photocatalysis, each of which has own characteristic for organic wastewater treatment, are extensively used in wastewater treatment respectively. By electrocoagulation the tiny solids and colloids can be coagulated; electrolytes are decomposed; organics are adsorbed and floated, then oxidized or deoxidized. By electrocoagulation the suspended solids and colloids can be removed, as well as silicon ions, iron ions, manganese ions etc. In addition to these, it can be used for disinfection, decolonization, fluorin removal and water demineralization. During the course of electrocoagulation the organics should be degraded effectively by hydroxy free radical (-OH), ozone etc. created from anode reaction. The approach makes organics degraded more thoroughly, with little toxic intermedia product, which accord with environmental conservation. It is not apparent to remove organic wastes by photocatalysis, however, which might destroy some organic dye molecular diazonium color base, making chroma
of polluted water decrease greatly and converting organic high molecule to tiny organic molecule which is helpful to following biochemical polishing treatment.
Both of the two processes are used to primary treatment of organic wastewater, but so far there have never been reports about the combination of them used for wastewater treatment. The complex process, namely the combination of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis has extensive developing space and wonderful prospect in the field of water purification.
Representative stuff-RBBRX-3B selected are degraded by the combination of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis in this paper. The feasibility, validity of the technology is probed. This is the technical innovation in the field of water treatment, and this is also the most important section of the thesis.
The relevant parameters that influence treatment efficiency of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis in the experiment are studied separately. The results show that stuff-RBBRX-3B water is discolored perfectly when the two processes are used to treat the water respectively. Comparing the two results experimentally: electrocoagulation is effective to high concentration dyes aqueous solution, both the efficiency removal of chroma and that of organic matter can get 70%~95%; photocatalysis is suitable for low concentration dyes aqueous solution. When low density stuff-RBBRX-3B water is treated by photocatalysis, suspending catalyst are used in the experiment. Under the proper intensity and dosage of light, the effect of chroma removal is remarkable.
It is time-consuming to treat stuff-RBBRX-3B water only by electrocoagulation; it is desired for photocatalysis that the initial density is not too high which bring about high chroma retarding permeation of ultraviolet radiation; therefore the interest of the combining treatment
process is that the water is treated first by electrocoagulation, then by photocatalysis.
It is feasible and effective for high concentration stuff-RBBRX-3B with the electrocoagulation and photocatalysis combined treatment process. The association of two techniques might make up for each other, increasing overall treatment efficiency of stuff-RBBRX-3B water. First high concentration dyes aqueous solution is cleansed by electrocoagulation, becoming clear with all kinds of wastes reduced, which is favorable to improve the result of the following photocatalysis treatment and further elevate the colority removal and the CODcr removal of stuff-RBBRX-3B water.
引文
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