基于FPGA的AFDX端系统设计
摘要
AFDX是新一代飞机采用的航空电子信息传送系统。本文基于AFDX标准,搭建了一个基于FPGA的AFDX端系统开发平台。
为简化硬件设计,AFDX端系统开发平台采用以Xilinx Virtex-4 FX12 FPGA为核心的SOPC。该FPGA包含了一个PowerPC 405处理器硬核和两个全双工以太网MAC硬核。PowerPC 405完成片内计算功能,双MAC实现AFDX冗余互联。航电接口方面采用CPCI接口与航电子系统实现互联。
考虑到实现的方便性和灵活性,实现AFDX协议时,将AFDX特有的链路层和其他层分离。AFDX链路层部分采用自行设计的软IP核方式实现,完成接收过程中完整性检查、冗余管理,以及发送过程中流量调整、冗余管理等功能。
考虑到端系统会根据实际需要采用不同调度算法,为便于将本IP核复用到其他设计方案,采用调度模块与IP核分离的设计。调度器由软件实现,调度算法在加权公平队列算法的基础上加入对帧发送时间的考虑,兼顾优先级、长度、帧间间隔、抖动多方面要求,对发送顺序进行调度。
AFDX is the information transmitting system of the new generation airplane. The thesis builds a AFDX standard compatible AFDX end system developing platform, which bases on FPGA,
To simplify the hardware design, The AFDX end system developing platform uses SOPC, which has a Xilinx Virtex-4 FX12 FPGA as its core. The FPGA embeds a PowerPC 405 and two MACs hardcores. The PowerPC 405 completes in-die computation. Two MACs connect with redundancy AFDX interconnection. CPCI interface is chosen to connect with avionics subsystem.
Considering conveniences and flexibility, while complete AFDX protocol, the AFDX specific link layer is divided from other parts. The link layer is implemented by a soft IP core, including integrity checking, redundancy management in receiving processing and traffic regulation, redundancy management in transmitting processing.
Considering different end system may use different scheduling algorithm, scheduling module is divided from IP core and implemented by software. Scheduling algorithm is based on weighted fair queuing, adds the consideration of frame transmitting time, overall consideration priority, length, BAG, jitter, schedules the sequence of transmitting.
为简化硬件设计,AFDX端系统开发平台采用以Xilinx Virtex-4 FX12 FPGA为核心的SOPC。该FPGA包含了一个PowerPC 405处理器硬核和两个全双工以太网MAC硬核。PowerPC 405完成片内计算功能,双MAC实现AFDX冗余互联。航电接口方面采用CPCI接口与航电子系统实现互联。
考虑到实现的方便性和灵活性,实现AFDX协议时,将AFDX特有的链路层和其他层分离。AFDX链路层部分采用自行设计的软IP核方式实现,完成接收过程中完整性检查、冗余管理,以及发送过程中流量调整、冗余管理等功能。
考虑到端系统会根据实际需要采用不同调度算法,为便于将本IP核复用到其他设计方案,采用调度模块与IP核分离的设计。调度器由软件实现,调度算法在加权公平队列算法的基础上加入对帧发送时间的考虑,兼顾优先级、长度、帧间间隔、抖动多方面要求,对发送顺序进行调度。
AFDX is the information transmitting system of the new generation airplane. The thesis builds a AFDX standard compatible AFDX end system developing platform, which bases on FPGA,
To simplify the hardware design, The AFDX end system developing platform uses SOPC, which has a Xilinx Virtex-4 FX12 FPGA as its core. The FPGA embeds a PowerPC 405 and two MACs hardcores. The PowerPC 405 completes in-die computation. Two MACs connect with redundancy AFDX interconnection. CPCI interface is chosen to connect with avionics subsystem.
Considering conveniences and flexibility, while complete AFDX protocol, the AFDX specific link layer is divided from other parts. The link layer is implemented by a soft IP core, including integrity checking, redundancy management in receiving processing and traffic regulation, redundancy management in transmitting processing.
Considering different end system may use different scheduling algorithm, scheduling module is divided from IP core and implemented by software. Scheduling algorithm is based on weighted fair queuing, adds the consideration of frame transmitting time, overall consideration priority, length, BAG, jitter, schedules the sequence of transmitting.
引文
[1]Hammett R. Design by extrapolation:an evaluation of fault tolerant avionics, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2002,17(4):17-25
[2]Michael Gerzanics. Bringing Up Baby. Flight International, 2003,163(4886):51-55
[3]A P Reynolds. Overview of data buses commonly used in the aircraft industry, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Journal of aerospace engineering Part G,1996,210(G2):157-166
[4]王鹏,姚明旿,鲍民权.基于FPGA的航空全双工以太网交换芯片,计算机工程,2008,34(23)：261-263
[5]支超有,李振水,李育.大飞机先进机载数据总线.大型飞机关键技术高层论坛暨中国航空学会2007年年会,2007：1-8
[6]杜亚鹃.航空全双工交换式以太网探究,计算机工程,2009,35(11)：77-79
[7]Schuster T, Verma D. Networking concepts comparison for avionics architecture, Digital Avionics Systems Conference,2008:1-11
[8]Casarosa G, Apuzzo M, Fanucci L. Characterization of the EMC Performances of the CAN Bus in a Typical System Bus Architecture for Small Satellites, Digital System Design:Architectures, Methods and Tools,2006:338-345
[9]Brajou F, Ricco P. The Airbus A380-an AFDX-based flight test computer concept, AUTOTESTCON 2004 Proceedings,2004:460-463
[10]Ostrower Jon. Boeing 787 Dreamliner lifts off on maiden flight. http://www.Flightglobal.com, December 15,2009.
[11]首架波音787客机将交全日空.http://www.ribenxinwen.com/html/a/200912/16-4883.html
[12]Reinforced Plastics Groups. A first for Airbus A350 XWB. Reinforced Plastics,2010,54(1):4-9
[13]Yago Montenegro Mendez. Modeling/Evaluation of Modular Spacecraft Avionics Network Architectures:[硕士学位论文].Kiruna:Lulea University of Technology,2009
[14]TechSat.AFDX-PM-2CTR高性能AFDX/ARINC664双端口PMC接口,2006
[15]大飞机AFDX网络端系统芯片研制成功.http://military.people.com.cn/GB/42963/65293/10480917.html
[16]Actel. Developing AFDX Solutions,2005
[17]Scharbarg.J, Ridouard F, Fraboul C. A Probabilistic Analysis of End-To-End Delays on an AFDX Avionic Network. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2009,5(1):38-49
[18]Black R, Fletcher M. Next generation space avionics:layered system implementation. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2005,20(12):9-14
[19]陈昕,路娟,周拥军.AFDX冗余管理机制的仿真.计算机工程,2008,34(23)：92-94
[20]Ding Lina, Song Dong, Zeng Xingxing. The Research of AFDX System Simulation Model.2010 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT),2010:1-4
[21]陈昕,周拥军,蒋文保.AFDX协议性能分析及调度算法研究.电子学报,2009,37(5)：1000-1005
[22]校莉. AFDX在航空通信系统中的应用.电讯技术,2010,50(7)：40-43
[23]Brajou F, Ricco P. AFDX-based flight test computer concept. IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine,2005,8(3):55-58
[24]Song Dong, Zeng Xingxing, Ding Lina. The Design and Implementation of the AFDX Network Simulation System.2010 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT),2010:1-4
[25]杨磊. AFDX交换芯片的整形调度算法研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安电子科技大学,2009
[26]王鹏.AFDX交换机及交换芯片中关键模块的设计：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008
[27]Ananda Basu, Saddek Bensalem, Marius Bozga. Verification of an AFDX infrastructure using simulations and probabilities. RV'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Runtime verification,2010
[28]Florian Bartols, Till Steinbach, Franz Korf. Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing Workshops.14th IEEE International Symposium,2011
[29]李辉,黄敬礼.一种PCI总线ARINC 429通信卡实现方法.自动化技术与应用,2010,29(7)：73-75
[30]刘文波,卞巨伟.实现ARINC 429数字信息传输的方案设计.电子技术应 用,2000,26(6):48-50
[31]Black R, Fletcher M. Next generation space avionics:a highly reliable layered system implementation, The 23rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference,2004,2:4-15
[32]陈昕,周拥军,万剑峰. AFDX端系统关键技术的研究与实现.计算机工程,2009,35(5)：1-3
[33]Li Du-juan, Zhang Jian-dong, Liu Bin. Periodic message-based modeling and performance analysis of AFDX.2010 IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security (WCNIS),2010:162-166
[34]Joseph Wlad. A new generation in aircraft avionics design. Development Tools & Rtos,2005:14-17
[35]Xin Chen, Xudong Xiang, Xuesong Zhang. On the Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet technologies.2010 IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC),2010,1:568-572
[36]ARINC. Draft 3 of Project Paper 664, Aircraft Data Network, Part 7, Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) Network,2004
[37]Steen Skole. AFDX Testing Resources with Multi-Protocol Capability. Avionics Test & Simulation Seminar,2006
[38]吴建鲁,杨福彪,刘煋. AFDX技术特点及在舰载武器系统中的应用分析.指挥控制与仿真,2010,32(2)：112-115
[39]刘向东,李志洁,王存睿.以太网交换机原理实验设计.实验室研究与探索,2011,30(1)：48-50
[40]楼晓强,田泽.AFDX网络终端系统的确定性分析与实现.计算机技术与发展,2010,20(8)：56-62
[41]Courtney R. Aircarft Data Network, Part 7-Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) Network. Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee,2004
[42]许燕婷.AFDX端系统协议栈虚拟链路层分析及仿真研究[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学：2011
[43]Emre Erdinc. Soft AFDX (Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet) End System Implementation With Standard PC and Ethernet Card:[硕士学位论文].Turkish:Middle East Technical University,2010
[44]Hangyun Jung, Pusik Park, Daekyo Shin. Fast Transmission Mechanism of Emergency Data in AFDX Network Systems.2nd European Computing Con ference,2008:359-363
[45]尚伟林. AFDX Gateway软件的设计与实现[硕士学位论文].北京：北京邮电大学,2010
[46]Imad Khazali, Marc-Andre Boulais, Phil Cole. AFDX Software Network Stack Implementation-Practical Lessons Learned. Digital Avionics Systems Conference,2009
[47]周靖,苏绍璟,乔纯捷. Virtex-4平台下嵌入式系统VxWorks的实现.测控技术,2009,28(z1)：55-61
[48]王俊杰. GPON-FTTH系统MAC层FPGA信号处理子系统的研制[硕士学位论文].南京：东南大学,2008
[49]杨凡.基于RISC处理器PowerPC405EP的网络打印机控制器设计.电子设计应用,2006,4：105-109
[50]Xilinx. Processor IP Virtex-4 FPGA Embedded Processor Block with PowerPC 405 Processor (v2.01b),2009
[51]Xilinx推出新的Virtex-4 FX12 FPGA器件http://www.autooo.net/ic/tech/2009-04-20/39010.html
[52]Xilinx. Virtex-4系列概述,2009
[53]张春生,常青,肖山竹.基于PowerPC 405的SOPC简单应用.微处理机,2007,6：117-120
[54]李键,李鹏,张磊.基于SoPC的嵌入式系统设计技术.航空计算技术,2008,38(2)：123-126
[55]陈卓,杨爱良,王骥.基于PLB总线的多通道SGDMA设计.航空电子技术,2009,40(1)：12-15
[56]李剑阳.基于Microblaze同构多核系统及在Soclib平台上的实现[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2008
[2]Michael Gerzanics. Bringing Up Baby. Flight International, 2003,163(4886):51-55
[3]A P Reynolds. Overview of data buses commonly used in the aircraft industry, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Journal of aerospace engineering Part G,1996,210(G2):157-166
[4]王鹏,姚明旿,鲍民权.基于FPGA的航空全双工以太网交换芯片,计算机工程,2008,34(23)：261-263
[5]支超有,李振水,李育.大飞机先进机载数据总线.大型飞机关键技术高层论坛暨中国航空学会2007年年会,2007：1-8
[6]杜亚鹃.航空全双工交换式以太网探究,计算机工程,2009,35(11)：77-79
[7]Schuster T, Verma D. Networking concepts comparison for avionics architecture, Digital Avionics Systems Conference,2008:1-11
[8]Casarosa G, Apuzzo M, Fanucci L. Characterization of the EMC Performances of the CAN Bus in a Typical System Bus Architecture for Small Satellites, Digital System Design:Architectures, Methods and Tools,2006:338-345
[9]Brajou F, Ricco P. The Airbus A380-an AFDX-based flight test computer concept, AUTOTESTCON 2004 Proceedings,2004:460-463
[10]Ostrower Jon. Boeing 787 Dreamliner lifts off on maiden flight. http://www.Flightglobal.com, December 15,2009.
[11]首架波音787客机将交全日空.http://www.ribenxinwen.com/html/a/200912/16-4883.html
[12]Reinforced Plastics Groups. A first for Airbus A350 XWB. Reinforced Plastics,2010,54(1):4-9
[13]Yago Montenegro Mendez. Modeling/Evaluation of Modular Spacecraft Avionics Network Architectures:[硕士学位论文].Kiruna:Lulea University of Technology,2009
[14]TechSat.AFDX-PM-2CTR高性能AFDX/ARINC664双端口PMC接口,2006
[15]大飞机AFDX网络端系统芯片研制成功.http://military.people.com.cn/GB/42963/65293/10480917.html
[16]Actel. Developing AFDX Solutions,2005
[17]Scharbarg.J, Ridouard F, Fraboul C. A Probabilistic Analysis of End-To-End Delays on an AFDX Avionic Network. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2009,5(1):38-49
[18]Black R, Fletcher M. Next generation space avionics:layered system implementation. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 2005,20(12):9-14
[19]陈昕,路娟,周拥军.AFDX冗余管理机制的仿真.计算机工程,2008,34(23)：92-94
[20]Ding Lina, Song Dong, Zeng Xingxing. The Research of AFDX System Simulation Model.2010 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT),2010:1-4
[21]陈昕,周拥军,蒋文保.AFDX协议性能分析及调度算法研究.电子学报,2009,37(5)：1000-1005
[22]校莉. AFDX在航空通信系统中的应用.电讯技术,2010,50(7)：40-43
[23]Brajou F, Ricco P. AFDX-based flight test computer concept. IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine,2005,8(3):55-58
[24]Song Dong, Zeng Xingxing, Ding Lina. The Design and Implementation of the AFDX Network Simulation System.2010 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT),2010:1-4
[25]杨磊. AFDX交换芯片的整形调度算法研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安电子科技大学,2009
[26]王鹏.AFDX交换机及交换芯片中关键模块的设计：[硕士学位论文].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008
[27]Ananda Basu, Saddek Bensalem, Marius Bozga. Verification of an AFDX infrastructure using simulations and probabilities. RV'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Runtime verification,2010
[28]Florian Bartols, Till Steinbach, Franz Korf. Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing Workshops.14th IEEE International Symposium,2011
[29]李辉,黄敬礼.一种PCI总线ARINC 429通信卡实现方法.自动化技术与应用,2010,29(7)：73-75
[30]刘文波,卞巨伟.实现ARINC 429数字信息传输的方案设计.电子技术应 用,2000,26(6):48-50
[31]Black R, Fletcher M. Next generation space avionics:a highly reliable layered system implementation, The 23rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference,2004,2:4-15
[32]陈昕,周拥军,万剑峰. AFDX端系统关键技术的研究与实现.计算机工程,2009,35(5)：1-3
[33]Li Du-juan, Zhang Jian-dong, Liu Bin. Periodic message-based modeling and performance analysis of AFDX.2010 IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security (WCNIS),2010:162-166
[34]Joseph Wlad. A new generation in aircraft avionics design. Development Tools & Rtos,2005:14-17
[35]Xin Chen, Xudong Xiang, Xuesong Zhang. On the Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet technologies.2010 IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC),2010,1:568-572
[36]ARINC. Draft 3 of Project Paper 664, Aircraft Data Network, Part 7, Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) Network,2004
[37]Steen Skole. AFDX Testing Resources with Multi-Protocol Capability. Avionics Test & Simulation Seminar,2006
[38]吴建鲁,杨福彪,刘煋. AFDX技术特点及在舰载武器系统中的应用分析.指挥控制与仿真,2010,32(2)：112-115
[39]刘向东,李志洁,王存睿.以太网交换机原理实验设计.实验室研究与探索,2011,30(1)：48-50
[40]楼晓强,田泽.AFDX网络终端系统的确定性分析与实现.计算机技术与发展,2010,20(8)：56-62
[41]Courtney R. Aircarft Data Network, Part 7-Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) Network. Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee,2004
[42]许燕婷.AFDX端系统协议栈虚拟链路层分析及仿真研究[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学：2011
[43]Emre Erdinc. Soft AFDX (Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet) End System Implementation With Standard PC and Ethernet Card:[硕士学位论文].Turkish:Middle East Technical University,2010
[44]Hangyun Jung, Pusik Park, Daekyo Shin. Fast Transmission Mechanism of Emergency Data in AFDX Network Systems.2nd European Computing Con ference,2008:359-363
[45]尚伟林. AFDX Gateway软件的设计与实现[硕士学位论文].北京：北京邮电大学,2010
[46]Imad Khazali, Marc-Andre Boulais, Phil Cole. AFDX Software Network Stack Implementation-Practical Lessons Learned. Digital Avionics Systems Conference,2009
[47]周靖,苏绍璟,乔纯捷. Virtex-4平台下嵌入式系统VxWorks的实现.测控技术,2009,28(z1)：55-61
[48]王俊杰. GPON-FTTH系统MAC层FPGA信号处理子系统的研制[硕士学位论文].南京：东南大学,2008
[49]杨凡.基于RISC处理器PowerPC405EP的网络打印机控制器设计.电子设计应用,2006,4：105-109
[50]Xilinx. Processor IP Virtex-4 FPGA Embedded Processor Block with PowerPC 405 Processor (v2.01b),2009
[51]Xilinx推出新的Virtex-4 FX12 FPGA器件http://www.autooo.net/ic/tech/2009-04-20/39010.html
[52]Xilinx. Virtex-4系列概述,2009
[53]张春生,常青,肖山竹.基于PowerPC 405的SOPC简单应用.微处理机,2007,6：117-120
[54]李键,李鹏,张磊.基于SoPC的嵌入式系统设计技术.航空计算技术,2008,38(2)：123-126
[55]陈卓,杨爱良,王骥.基于PLB总线的多通道SGDMA设计.航空电子技术,2009,40(1)：12-15
[56]李剑阳.基于Microblaze同构多核系统及在Soclib平台上的实现[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2008