气垫带式输送机机理及应用研究
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摘要
气垫带式输送机是一种新型连续输送设备。它用气室盘槽替换托辊，以气垫支承输送带，变输送带与托辊间的滚动摩擦为输送带与气垫间的滑动摩擦，具有运行平稳、耗能小、维修方便等优点。
尽管气垫机已被普遍使用。但迄今为止，对气垫机的气膜形成、盘槽形式、气孔分布等理论分析与研究还不够深入，只是在常规设计和试验的基础上进行设计制造，许多参数之间的关系还没能确定。近十几年来，国内外生产的气垫机都出现过由于主参数确定不合理引起输送效率不足，输送带摩擦盘槽等质量问题，给用户造成很大损失。因此对气垫机做进一步机理和应用研究是十分必要的。
本文对气垫机作了机理研究，描述了气垫机的结构型式及工作原理，对气垫机的主参数作了理论分析，根据平行平板间的径向流动理论，建立了计算模型，导出了计算公式，可作为气垫设计理论的依据；提出了气孔布置的原则：纵向孔间距相等较好，横向孔径不等为佳，横向孔排距可以相等，也可以不相等，但一般小于孔间距。气孔排数应为奇数，由中心两侧呈对称布置，孔径由中心向两旁逐渐减小。气孔布置还受输送效率、物料特性、运行速度、工作环境等因素的影响。在此基础上对风机的主参数、盘槽结构型式等进行了计算机优化设计。本文所研究的成果已应用于本人负责研究开发的、应用于大连港大窑湾散粮工程中的气垫机中，取得较理想的效果。
Air-cushion conveyer is a new type uninterrupted transfer equipment, utilizing spiral-slot in the air chamber as a replacement for bracket. The cushion supports the convey belt, converting slide friction between the belt and the bracket into slide friction between the belt and the cushion. It features stable running, low power consumption, easy maintenance, etc.
Nonetheless this kind of cushion-shape machine has been widely used, such theories as air layer formation, spiral-slot style, pores arrangement requires further analysis and research since the machines are only manufactured based on common, design and test so far and many relations among the data have been fixed yet. And a lot of quality problems have been reported in over 10 years application both nation-wide and worldwide, like insufficient convey efficiency, friction between convey belt and the slot, causing severe damages of the operator. And all these problems just arose out of unreasonable data setting. In this case, further mechanism and application research becomes crucially important.
The article below deals with the mechanism research of this kind of machine, describing the structure and principle; theoretically analyzing the data to derive formula; tentatively proposing theory of radial flow between parallel plates for future design; pores arrangement, i.e., longitudinal pores are equally spaced, horizontal pores bore size is preferred unequal and rows distance can be either equal or not but generally smaller than pores distance, and rows shall be odd numbers and are arranged symmetrical from the center row and bore size reduces gradually from the center row. The arrangement shall also take transfer efficiency, conveying
material features, conveying speed, surrounding environment, etc. into consideration. Plus, application research has also been made, key blower data have been designed by computed optimization, spiral-slot style is well chosen. Some practical application examples illustrate the air-cushion conveyer designed by myself, which has been in service in Dalian Dayaowan Scattered Provision Project.
尽管气垫机已被普遍使用。但迄今为止，对气垫机的气膜形成、盘槽形式、气孔分布等理论分析与研究还不够深入，只是在常规设计和试验的基础上进行设计制造，许多参数之间的关系还没能确定。近十几年来，国内外生产的气垫机都出现过由于主参数确定不合理引起输送效率不足，输送带摩擦盘槽等质量问题，给用户造成很大损失。因此对气垫机做进一步机理和应用研究是十分必要的。
本文对气垫机作了机理研究，描述了气垫机的结构型式及工作原理，对气垫机的主参数作了理论分析，根据平行平板间的径向流动理论，建立了计算模型，导出了计算公式，可作为气垫设计理论的依据；提出了气孔布置的原则：纵向孔间距相等较好，横向孔径不等为佳，横向孔排距可以相等，也可以不相等，但一般小于孔间距。气孔排数应为奇数，由中心两侧呈对称布置，孔径由中心向两旁逐渐减小。气孔布置还受输送效率、物料特性、运行速度、工作环境等因素的影响。在此基础上对风机的主参数、盘槽结构型式等进行了计算机优化设计。本文所研究的成果已应用于本人负责研究开发的、应用于大连港大窑湾散粮工程中的气垫机中，取得较理想的效果。
Air-cushion conveyer is a new type uninterrupted transfer equipment, utilizing spiral-slot in the air chamber as a replacement for bracket. The cushion supports the convey belt, converting slide friction between the belt and the bracket into slide friction between the belt and the cushion. It features stable running, low power consumption, easy maintenance, etc.
Nonetheless this kind of cushion-shape machine has been widely used, such theories as air layer formation, spiral-slot style, pores arrangement requires further analysis and research since the machines are only manufactured based on common, design and test so far and many relations among the data have been fixed yet. And a lot of quality problems have been reported in over 10 years application both nation-wide and worldwide, like insufficient convey efficiency, friction between convey belt and the slot, causing severe damages of the operator. And all these problems just arose out of unreasonable data setting. In this case, further mechanism and application research becomes crucially important.
The article below deals with the mechanism research of this kind of machine, describing the structure and principle; theoretically analyzing the data to derive formula; tentatively proposing theory of radial flow between parallel plates for future design; pores arrangement, i.e., longitudinal pores are equally spaced, horizontal pores bore size is preferred unequal and rows distance can be either equal or not but generally smaller than pores distance, and rows shall be odd numbers and are arranged symmetrical from the center row and bore size reduces gradually from the center row. The arrangement shall also take transfer efficiency, conveying
material features, conveying speed, surrounding environment, etc. into consideration. Plus, application research has also been made, key blower data have been designed by computed optimization, spiral-slot style is well chosen. Some practical application examples illustrate the air-cushion conveyer designed by myself, which has been in service in Dalian Dayaowan Scattered Provision Project.
引文
1、徐灏．机械设计手册．机械工业出版社．1991．9
2、成大先．机械设计手册．化工工业出版社．1997．1
3、张质文，虞和谦，王金诺，包起帆．起重机设计手册．中国铁道出版社．1998
4、王鹰．连续运输机械设计手册．中国铁道出版社．2001．5
5、蔡春源．机械零件设计手册．冶金工业出版社．1994
6、颜鸣皋．工程材料实用手册．中国标准出版社．1989
7、商景泰．通风机手册．机械工业出版社．1994．8
8、吕玉恒，王庭佛．噪声与振动控制设备及材料选用手册．机械工业出版社．1999．5
9、宋伟刚．散状物料带式输送机设计．东北大学出版社．2000．4
10、张荣善．散料输送与贮存．化工工业出版社．1996．3
11、张静菊，王桂华，殷鸿梁．特种胶带传动的设计与使用手册．化工工业出版社．1994．8
12、蒋琼珠．连续运输机．人民交通出版社．1986．12
13、洪致育．连续运输机．机械工业出版社．1982．12
14、陈新．机械结构动态设计理论方法及应用．机械工业出版社．1997．8
15、王云飞．气体润滑理论与气体轴承设计．机械工业出版社．1999．2
16、应美旰，梁庚煌．机械化运输工艺设计手册．化工工业出版社．1998．4
17、J.W.戴莱，D.R.F.哈里曼．流体动力学．人民教育出版社．1981．10
18、L.普朗特．流体力学概论．科学出版社．1984
19、方丹群，王文奇，孙家麒．噪声控制．北京出版社．1986．2
20、徐灏．密封．冶金工业出版社．1999．3
21、刘后桂．密封技术．湖南科学技术出版社．1981
22、赵光耀．设备泄漏的防治．冶金工业出版社．1986
23、陈匡民．流体动密封．石油大学出版社．1990
24、顾永泉．流体动密封．中国石化出版社．1992．
25、季德俊，范太炳．胶接与密封材料．机械工业出版社．1990
26、郑堤，唐可洪．机电一体化设计基础．机械工业出版社．1998．10
27、张建民．机电一体化原理与应用．国防工业出版社．1992
28、马之行，敬刚．机电一体化技术．四川科学技术出版社．1988
29、李正吾．机电一体化技术及应用．机械工业出版社．1990
30、童秉枢．李学志，吴志军，张春风．机械CAD技术基础．清华大学出版社．1996．6
31、黄宗益．工程机械CAD．同济大学出版社．1991
32、陆润民．计算机绘图．清华大学出版社．1988
33、谭浩强，田淑清．BASIC语言．科学普及出版社．1999．1
34、谭浩强．QBASIC语言教程．电子工业出版社．1993
35、谭浩强．BASIC语言—结构化程序设计教程．中国科技技术出版社．1990
36、何向东，李敬安，赖康生．简明C语言教程，大连理工大学出版社．1993．4
37、章迎娟译，国外气垫输送机专辑．上海港务局科研所情报室．1982
38、王世钧译．气垫胶带输送机．世界煤炭技术．1984．7
39、G.Read,Air Supported Belt Conveyors,Bulk Selids Handling 1985.10
40、John Walko,Conveyors by the Air With the Greatest of Ease,Process Eng.1977.10
41、宋伟刚．气垫带式输送机的理论与计算．连续输送机械．1989．3
42、王世钧译．气垫式胶带输送机结构概貌．煤炭设计参考资料．1984．1
2、成大先．机械设计手册．化工工业出版社．1997．1
3、张质文，虞和谦，王金诺，包起帆．起重机设计手册．中国铁道出版社．1998
4、王鹰．连续运输机械设计手册．中国铁道出版社．2001．5
5、蔡春源．机械零件设计手册．冶金工业出版社．1994
6、颜鸣皋．工程材料实用手册．中国标准出版社．1989
7、商景泰．通风机手册．机械工业出版社．1994．8
8、吕玉恒，王庭佛．噪声与振动控制设备及材料选用手册．机械工业出版社．1999．5
9、宋伟刚．散状物料带式输送机设计．东北大学出版社．2000．4
10、张荣善．散料输送与贮存．化工工业出版社．1996．3
11、张静菊，王桂华，殷鸿梁．特种胶带传动的设计与使用手册．化工工业出版社．1994．8
12、蒋琼珠．连续运输机．人民交通出版社．1986．12
13、洪致育．连续运输机．机械工业出版社．1982．12
14、陈新．机械结构动态设计理论方法及应用．机械工业出版社．1997．8
15、王云飞．气体润滑理论与气体轴承设计．机械工业出版社．1999．2
16、应美旰，梁庚煌．机械化运输工艺设计手册．化工工业出版社．1998．4
17、J.W.戴莱，D.R.F.哈里曼．流体动力学．人民教育出版社．1981．10
18、L.普朗特．流体力学概论．科学出版社．1984
19、方丹群，王文奇，孙家麒．噪声控制．北京出版社．1986．2
20、徐灏．密封．冶金工业出版社．1999．3
21、刘后桂．密封技术．湖南科学技术出版社．1981
22、赵光耀．设备泄漏的防治．冶金工业出版社．1986
23、陈匡民．流体动密封．石油大学出版社．1990
24、顾永泉．流体动密封．中国石化出版社．1992．
25、季德俊，范太炳．胶接与密封材料．机械工业出版社．1990
26、郑堤，唐可洪．机电一体化设计基础．机械工业出版社．1998．10
27、张建民．机电一体化原理与应用．国防工业出版社．1992
28、马之行，敬刚．机电一体化技术．四川科学技术出版社．1988
29、李正吾．机电一体化技术及应用．机械工业出版社．1990
30、童秉枢．李学志，吴志军，张春风．机械CAD技术基础．清华大学出版社．1996．6
31、黄宗益．工程机械CAD．同济大学出版社．1991
32、陆润民．计算机绘图．清华大学出版社．1988
33、谭浩强，田淑清．BASIC语言．科学普及出版社．1999．1
34、谭浩强．QBASIC语言教程．电子工业出版社．1993
35、谭浩强．BASIC语言—结构化程序设计教程．中国科技技术出版社．1990
36、何向东，李敬安，赖康生．简明C语言教程，大连理工大学出版社．1993．4
37、章迎娟译，国外气垫输送机专辑．上海港务局科研所情报室．1982
38、王世钧译．气垫胶带输送机．世界煤炭技术．1984．7
39、G.Read,Air Supported Belt Conveyors,Bulk Selids Handling 1985.10
40、John Walko,Conveyors by the Air With the Greatest of Ease,Process Eng.1977.10
41、宋伟刚．气垫带式输送机的理论与计算．连续输送机械．1989．3
42、王世钧译．气垫式胶带输送机结构概貌．煤炭设计参考资料．1984．1