对外汉语中汉字笔顺教学软件的研究与实现
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摘要
随着中国经济稳步矫健地发展及国际社会地位的不断地提高,越来越多的外国人开始了解中国文化并学习汉语知识,对外汉语教学也在这种背景下如火如荼地进行着。然而在对外汉语教学中,我们却发现留学生在书写汉字时‘倒插笔’现象普遍存在且较为严重,汉字笔顺在汉语学习中的重要性处于忽略地位,传统对外汉语汉字笔顺教学上也存在一些不足之处,这使得汉字笔顺成为对外汉语教学和学习中的一个重点,也是一大难题。利用计算机实施辅助语言教学,动态示范汉字正确书写顺序,是解决汉字正字问题之一的有效途径,可为汉字学习提供有力帮助。因此本研究力在探索一种系统完整、操作流程化的汉字笔顺教学软件制作方法,开发一款适合老师灵活安排教学内容和组织教学流程的、同时也符合留学生心理需求和使用习惯的汉字笔顺教学软件。
本研究将从教学设计、设计原则和系统设计这三个角度来设计对外汉语用汉字笔顺教学软件,以使软件符合教育学和认知心理学原则、具有科学性和使用价值,并使对外汉语汉字笔顺教学科学化。软件从功能上划分为三个主要模块：“基础知识简介”、“笔顺查询演示”、“笔顺分析纠错”,采用Visual Basic语言编制软件界面,内嵌PowerPoint制作的演示文稿来演示汉字动态书写过程,效果直观,形象逼真,能较好表现汉字笔顺书写过程。软件设计与制作方法也即为本研究的创新点之所在。论文最后通过对软件设计和制作过程的反思,总结出该教学软件一些不足和欠妥之处,提出了软件补充、修改和完善的思路,指出了系统后续建设和发展的方向。
With the steady and vigorous development of China's economic and continuous improvement of the status of the international community, more and more foreigners are starting to understand the Chinese culture and learn Chinese, Teaching Chinese as a foreign language also carried out in full swing against this background. However, the phenomenon of flashback in Chinese character writing is widespread and more serious in foreign students now. The importance of learning Chinese stroke order in Chinese is ignoring. Stroke Order of Chinese Characters in the traditional teaching has also seen a lot of inadequacies. And this makes the character strokes has become a focal point and also a major problem in Teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The implementation of computer assisted language learning and the dynamic model of Chinese characters written in the correct order is an effective way to solve Chinese orthography and an effective help to provide for learning the Chinese characters. Therefore, this study explores fully a production method of Chinese Characters Teaching Software which is system-integrity and process-oriented. And the study also develops educational software of Chinese stroke order which is suitable for teacher arranging teaching content and organizing teaching process flexibly and in accordance with psychological needs and usage of foreigner student.
The study will design the teaching software of Chinese characters stroke order in teaching Chinese as a foreign language from three points of view, which is instructional design, design principles and system design, in order to make the software conform to the principles of Pedagogy and Cognitive Psychology and possess of scientific and value-in-use, and also make teaching scientific in Chinese characters stroke order in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The software is divided into three main modules according to the function which is "Introduction of basic knowledge", "Query and show stroke" and "Analyze and correct error stroke". The software draws up the interface using the language of Visual Basic and show dynamic process of writing Chinese characters using the software of PowerPoint. The software can have intuitive effect, vivid image and better performance in the process of writing Chinese characters stroke order. The innovation of this study is the methods of design and produce for this software. Finally, the paper summarizes some deficiencies and defects of the educational software from the reflection of the process of design and produce, proposes the train of thought which can modify and improve the software, and points out the direction which can construct and develop the system in future.
本研究将从教学设计、设计原则和系统设计这三个角度来设计对外汉语用汉字笔顺教学软件,以使软件符合教育学和认知心理学原则、具有科学性和使用价值,并使对外汉语汉字笔顺教学科学化。软件从功能上划分为三个主要模块：“基础知识简介”、“笔顺查询演示”、“笔顺分析纠错”,采用Visual Basic语言编制软件界面,内嵌PowerPoint制作的演示文稿来演示汉字动态书写过程,效果直观,形象逼真,能较好表现汉字笔顺书写过程。软件设计与制作方法也即为本研究的创新点之所在。论文最后通过对软件设计和制作过程的反思,总结出该教学软件一些不足和欠妥之处,提出了软件补充、修改和完善的思路,指出了系统后续建设和发展的方向。
With the steady and vigorous development of China's economic and continuous improvement of the status of the international community, more and more foreigners are starting to understand the Chinese culture and learn Chinese, Teaching Chinese as a foreign language also carried out in full swing against this background. However, the phenomenon of flashback in Chinese character writing is widespread and more serious in foreign students now. The importance of learning Chinese stroke order in Chinese is ignoring. Stroke Order of Chinese Characters in the traditional teaching has also seen a lot of inadequacies. And this makes the character strokes has become a focal point and also a major problem in Teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The implementation of computer assisted language learning and the dynamic model of Chinese characters written in the correct order is an effective way to solve Chinese orthography and an effective help to provide for learning the Chinese characters. Therefore, this study explores fully a production method of Chinese Characters Teaching Software which is system-integrity and process-oriented. And the study also develops educational software of Chinese stroke order which is suitable for teacher arranging teaching content and organizing teaching process flexibly and in accordance with psychological needs and usage of foreigner student.
The study will design the teaching software of Chinese characters stroke order in teaching Chinese as a foreign language from three points of view, which is instructional design, design principles and system design, in order to make the software conform to the principles of Pedagogy and Cognitive Psychology and possess of scientific and value-in-use, and also make teaching scientific in Chinese characters stroke order in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The software is divided into three main modules according to the function which is "Introduction of basic knowledge", "Query and show stroke" and "Analyze and correct error stroke". The software draws up the interface using the language of Visual Basic and show dynamic process of writing Chinese characters using the software of PowerPoint. The software can have intuitive effect, vivid image and better performance in the process of writing Chinese characters stroke order. The innovation of this study is the methods of design and produce for this software. Finally, the paper summarizes some deficiencies and defects of the educational software from the reflection of the process of design and produce, proposes the train of thought which can modify and improve the software, and points out the direction which can construct and develop the system in future.
引文
①本小节主要内容已公开发表,详见：刘丹青,任翔.对外汉语中汉字笔顺教学软件的设计与实现[J].中国教
育信息化,2010,(11)：51-53.
①本小节主要内容已公开发表,详见：刘丹青,任翔.汉字笔顺教学软件设计中若干认知问题研究[J].现代教
育技术(年度专刊),2010,(20)：12-15.
[1]林奕升.汉语零起点美国高中生汉字学习问卷调查及教学策略[D].上海：上海外国语大学,2009.
[2]林华.计算机辅助汉字笔顺教学的研究与实现[D].上海：华东师范大学,2004.
[3]刘居红.对外国学生汉字书写偏误的分析——兼谈汉字教学[J].喀什师范学院学报,2008,(02)：94-97.
[4]郑锦全.计算机汉字设计与汉语教学[A].第一届国际汉语教学讨论会论文选[C],1985：512-515.
[5]关晶晶.计算机辅助教学之我见[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2007,(04)：448-450.
[6]对外汉语教学理论.[EB/01]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/290894.htm.
[7]计算机辅助语言教学理论.[EB/01]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1626841.htm.
[8]教学设计理论.[EB/01]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/333105.htm.
[9]第二语言习得理论.[EB/01]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/92870.htm.
[10]刘绯.国外著名第二语言习得理论综述[J].贵阳师范高等专科学校学报(社会科学版),2003,(01)：73-75.
[11]王征.基于网络的对外汉语口语教学设计[D].上海：上海外国语大学,2010.
[12]杨翼.对外汉语综合课教学设计研究[D].北京：北京语言文化大学,2002.
[13]冯凌宇.略论对外汉语教学初级阶段汉字教学的若干问题[J].长江学术,2010,(01)：132-137.
[14]张颖.对外汉语教学中的汉字教学[J].科技信息,2010,(25)：583,589.
[15]南国农.信息化教育概论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004.147.
[16]吴勇毅.不同环境下的外国人汉语学习策略研究[D].上海：上海师范大学,2007.
[17]田泽林.促进自主学习的教学设计研究[D].沈阳：东北师范大学,2007.
[18]朱文江.支架式教学模式下高中化学课堂教学设计与实践[D].长沙：湖南师范大学,2009.
[19]徐萍.浅谈计算机辅助语言教学[J].漯河职业技术学院学报.2007,(01)：144-145.
[20]金路.运用心理学原理实现对外汉语教学科学化[J].复旦教育,1992,(03)：31-34.
[21]陈郁.刍议利用心理学规律进行对外汉语教学[J].吉林教育,2008,(16)：36.
[22]王川.行为主义心理学在对外汉语教学中的实践[J].双语学习,2007,(09)：211-212.
[23]庄姝颖.多媒体网络计算机辅助语言教学模式与大学英语教学[J].吉林广播电视大学学报,2006,(04)：118-120.
[24]任翔,黄艳芳.罗伯特·M·加涅设计有效的课堂教学思想研究[J].云南电大学报,2009,(01)：20-22.
[25]肖崇好.学前儿童书写汉字笔顺的初步研究[J].怀化师专社会科学学报,1989,(04)：92-97.
[26]PowerPoint理论.[EB/01].http://baike.baidu.com/view/49671.htm.
[27]Visual Basic理论.[EB/01].http://baike.baidu.com/view/14260.htm.
[28]李旖旎.基于网络的对外汉语教学课件制作系统[D].北京：北京语言大学,2003.
[29]黄勤勇.试述对外汉语教学多媒体教材的制作原则[J].外语电化教学,2000,(78)：42-45.
[30]程彬.地理信息系统多媒体CAI课件的研制[D].长春：吉林大学,2004.
[31]张晓莉.面向印尼人的汉语网络课件设计与实现[D].北京：北京语言大学,2007.
[32]陈记运.针对泰国人汉语教学的多媒体课件制作与研究[D].天津：天津师范大学,2005.
[33]路勇.汉字笔顺用PPT演示[J].电脑爱好者(普及版),2008,(10)：26.
[34]如何用电脑教学生写字笔顺?[EB/01].http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/124565627.html.
[35]VB程序的打包与发布[EB/01].http://wenku.baidu.com/view/611fa3c7aa00b52acfc7cad5.html.
[36]国家语言文字工作委员会标准化工作委员会.现代汉语通用字笔顺规范[M].北京：语文出版社,1997.
[37]刘丹青,任翔.对外汉语中汉字笔顺教学软件的设计与实现[J].中国教育信息化,2010,(11)：51-53.
[38]刘丹青,任翔.汉字笔顺教学软件设计中若干认知问题研究[J].现代教育技术(年度专刊)：2010,(20)：12-15.
育信息化,2010,(11)：51-53.
①本小节主要内容已公开发表,详见：刘丹青,任翔.汉字笔顺教学软件设计中若干认知问题研究[J].现代教
育技术(年度专刊),2010,(20)：12-15.
[1]林奕升.汉语零起点美国高中生汉字学习问卷调查及教学策略[D].上海：上海外国语大学,2009.
[2]林华.计算机辅助汉字笔顺教学的研究与实现[D].上海：华东师范大学,2004.
[3]刘居红.对外国学生汉字书写偏误的分析——兼谈汉字教学[J].喀什师范学院学报,2008,(02)：94-97.
[4]郑锦全.计算机汉字设计与汉语教学[A].第一届国际汉语教学讨论会论文选[C],1985：512-515.
[5]关晶晶.计算机辅助教学之我见[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2007,(04)：448-450.
[6]对外汉语教学理论.[EB/01]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/290894.htm.
[7]计算机辅助语言教学理论.[EB/01]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/1626841.htm.
[8]教学设计理论.[EB/01]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/333105.htm.
[9]第二语言习得理论.[EB/01]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/92870.htm.
[10]刘绯.国外著名第二语言习得理论综述[J].贵阳师范高等专科学校学报(社会科学版),2003,(01)：73-75.
[11]王征.基于网络的对外汉语口语教学设计[D].上海：上海外国语大学,2010.
[12]杨翼.对外汉语综合课教学设计研究[D].北京：北京语言文化大学,2002.
[13]冯凌宇.略论对外汉语教学初级阶段汉字教学的若干问题[J].长江学术,2010,(01)：132-137.
[14]张颖.对外汉语教学中的汉字教学[J].科技信息,2010,(25)：583,589.
[15]南国农.信息化教育概论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004.147.
[16]吴勇毅.不同环境下的外国人汉语学习策略研究[D].上海：上海师范大学,2007.
[17]田泽林.促进自主学习的教学设计研究[D].沈阳：东北师范大学,2007.
[18]朱文江.支架式教学模式下高中化学课堂教学设计与实践[D].长沙：湖南师范大学,2009.
[19]徐萍.浅谈计算机辅助语言教学[J].漯河职业技术学院学报.2007,(01)：144-145.
[20]金路.运用心理学原理实现对外汉语教学科学化[J].复旦教育,1992,(03)：31-34.
[21]陈郁.刍议利用心理学规律进行对外汉语教学[J].吉林教育,2008,(16)：36.
[22]王川.行为主义心理学在对外汉语教学中的实践[J].双语学习,2007,(09)：211-212.
[23]庄姝颖.多媒体网络计算机辅助语言教学模式与大学英语教学[J].吉林广播电视大学学报,2006,(04)：118-120.
[24]任翔,黄艳芳.罗伯特·M·加涅设计有效的课堂教学思想研究[J].云南电大学报,2009,(01)：20-22.
[25]肖崇好.学前儿童书写汉字笔顺的初步研究[J].怀化师专社会科学学报,1989,(04)：92-97.
[26]PowerPoint理论.[EB/01].http://baike.baidu.com/view/49671.htm.
[27]Visual Basic理论.[EB/01].http://baike.baidu.com/view/14260.htm.
[28]李旖旎.基于网络的对外汉语教学课件制作系统[D].北京：北京语言大学,2003.
[29]黄勤勇.试述对外汉语教学多媒体教材的制作原则[J].外语电化教学,2000,(78)：42-45.
[30]程彬.地理信息系统多媒体CAI课件的研制[D].长春：吉林大学,2004.
[31]张晓莉.面向印尼人的汉语网络课件设计与实现[D].北京：北京语言大学,2007.
[32]陈记运.针对泰国人汉语教学的多媒体课件制作与研究[D].天津：天津师范大学,2005.
[33]路勇.汉字笔顺用PPT演示[J].电脑爱好者(普及版),2008,(10)：26.
[34]如何用电脑教学生写字笔顺?[EB/01].http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/124565627.html.
[35]VB程序的打包与发布[EB/01].http://wenku.baidu.com/view/611fa3c7aa00b52acfc7cad5.html.
[36]国家语言文字工作委员会标准化工作委员会.现代汉语通用字笔顺规范[M].北京：语文出版社,1997.
[37]刘丹青,任翔.对外汉语中汉字笔顺教学软件的设计与实现[J].中国教育信息化,2010,(11)：51-53.
[38]刘丹青,任翔.汉字笔顺教学软件设计中若干认知问题研究[J].现代教育技术(年度专刊)：2010,(20)：12-15.