回采巷道锚杆支护拱形布置实验研究
|
摘要
煤矿生产最显著的特点就是地下作业,巷道作为煤矿井下生产的动脉,在煤矿巷道中回采巷道的长度占60%以上。保证回采巷道的畅通并使其处于完好状态对安全生产和提高煤矿经济效益具有重要意义。回采巷道主要服务于回采工作面,断面形状多为梯形和矩形,回采巷道的特点是受煤层开采影响很大,维护难度大,支护费用高。所以探索正确的巷道支护理论,选择合理支护方式与支护参数,是矿山领域的专家学者长期致力于解决的重大课题。
本文主要就回采巷道在不同锚杆布置形式下巷道围岩的受力状态,破坏变形情况进行了研究。
以锚杆支护的组合拱理论为指导,对巷道在锚杆支护条件下形成的承载体的力学性能进行实验研究。
运用相似材料模拟对回采巷道在锚杆的常规布置和锚杆的拱形布置情况下,巷道围岩的变形破坏特征及围岩应力状态进行了对比研究,得出在锚杆拱形布置条件下,巷道围岩位移要小于巷道在锚杆常规布置条件下的位移,围岩受力状况也得到了一定改善。
通过大型有限差分数值模拟软件FLAC3D对回采巷道在两种锚杆布置形式下的支护效果进行了三维数值模拟,对相似材料模拟得出的结论进行了很好的验证。
Coal production has the most remarkable feature of underground work and laneways are arteries of coal mine tunnel production the length of gateway laneways in coal mine laneways is more than 60%. It has important significance for safety production and improving coal mine economic benefits to guarantee smoothness of gateway laneways and enable the gateway laneways to be in perfect states. The gateway laneways mainly serve mining area the cross section shapes are trapezoidal and rectangular shapes mostly the characteristics of gateway laneways are that they are greatly subject to influence on coal layer mining the maintenance difficulty is big and the supporting cost is high. Thereby the exploration of correct laneway supporting theories and selection of right supporting modes and supporting parameters are major issues which are studied by experts and scholars in the field of mining for long time. This paper mainly researches on the forced states and breaking deformation conditions of laneway surrounding rocks of the gateway laneways under different anchor arrangement modes:
The combination arch theory of anchors is taken as guidance to carry out theoretical analysis to the mechanical properties of carriers formed by the laneways under the anchor supporting conditions.
Similar material simulation is used to carry out systematic comparison research on deformation breaking characteristics and surrounding rock stress states of laneway surrounding rocks under normal arrangement of anchors and the arch arrangement conditions of anchors of the gateway laneways and it is obtained that the laneway surrounding rock displacement of anchor arc arrangement mode is smaller than the displacement of the laneway in the normal arrangement mode and the surrounding rock stress conditions are improved to a certain extend.
Through large-scale finite-difference numerical simulation software FLAC3D, three-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out to two anchor arrangement modes of the gateway laneways and the obtained conclusion of similar material simulation is well verified.
本文主要就回采巷道在不同锚杆布置形式下巷道围岩的受力状态,破坏变形情况进行了研究。
以锚杆支护的组合拱理论为指导,对巷道在锚杆支护条件下形成的承载体的力学性能进行实验研究。
运用相似材料模拟对回采巷道在锚杆的常规布置和锚杆的拱形布置情况下,巷道围岩的变形破坏特征及围岩应力状态进行了对比研究,得出在锚杆拱形布置条件下,巷道围岩位移要小于巷道在锚杆常规布置条件下的位移,围岩受力状况也得到了一定改善。
通过大型有限差分数值模拟软件FLAC3D对回采巷道在两种锚杆布置形式下的支护效果进行了三维数值模拟,对相似材料模拟得出的结论进行了很好的验证。
Coal production has the most remarkable feature of underground work and laneways are arteries of coal mine tunnel production the length of gateway laneways in coal mine laneways is more than 60%. It has important significance for safety production and improving coal mine economic benefits to guarantee smoothness of gateway laneways and enable the gateway laneways to be in perfect states. The gateway laneways mainly serve mining area the cross section shapes are trapezoidal and rectangular shapes mostly the characteristics of gateway laneways are that they are greatly subject to influence on coal layer mining the maintenance difficulty is big and the supporting cost is high. Thereby the exploration of correct laneway supporting theories and selection of right supporting modes and supporting parameters are major issues which are studied by experts and scholars in the field of mining for long time. This paper mainly researches on the forced states and breaking deformation conditions of laneway surrounding rocks of the gateway laneways under different anchor arrangement modes:
The combination arch theory of anchors is taken as guidance to carry out theoretical analysis to the mechanical properties of carriers formed by the laneways under the anchor supporting conditions.
Similar material simulation is used to carry out systematic comparison research on deformation breaking characteristics and surrounding rock stress states of laneway surrounding rocks under normal arrangement of anchors and the arch arrangement conditions of anchors of the gateway laneways and it is obtained that the laneway surrounding rock displacement of anchor arc arrangement mode is smaller than the displacement of the laneway in the normal arrangement mode and the surrounding rock stress conditions are improved to a certain extend.
Through large-scale finite-difference numerical simulation software FLAC3D, three-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out to two anchor arrangement modes of the gateway laneways and the obtained conclusion of similar material simulation is well verified.
引文
[1]何满朝,袁和生,靖洪文等.中国煤矿锚杆支护理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[2]寇卫锋,倾斜煤层巷道预应力锚杆(索)支护技术研究[D].陕西:西安科技大学,2008
[3]康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007
[4]徐干成,白洪才,郑颖人等.地下工程支护结构[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001
[5]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒,等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983
[6]岳翰,贾悦谦,严志才.井巷锚杆及锚喷支护技术[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1984
[7]杨双锁.回采巷道围岩控制理论及锚固结构支护原理[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004
[8]杨双锁,康立勋.煤矿巷道锚杆支护研究的总结与展望[J].太原理工大学学报,2002,(4):376~381
[9]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰等.煤巷锚杆支护[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1999
[10]袁和生.煤矿巷道锚喷支护技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997
[11]董方庭.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及应用技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[12]薛顺勋,宋广太,库明欣.煤巷锚杆支护施工指南[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999
[13]陆士良,汤雷,杨新安等.锚杆锚固力与锚固技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998
[14]郑颖人等.地下工程锚喷支护设计指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[15]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994
[16]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[17]李占金,徐东强.软岩巷道支护理论及支护理论的研究和发展[J].河北理工学院学报,2003,25(4):8~13
[18]李日富.回采巷道围岩三维受力特征及其维护的研究[D].山西:太原理工大学,2006
[19]张德辉.阜新矿区煤巷锚杆支护技术研究[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2004
[20]孙长民.金源煤矿煤巷锚网支护方案优化研究[D].山东:山东科技大学,2006
[21]季卫斌.块状离散性破碎围岩控制及锚杆支护技术[D].山西:太原理工大学,2006
[22]杨慧明.基于复合材料模型的锚固机理研究[D].山东:山东科技大学,2006
[23]李东善.开滦赵各庄矿业公司深部回采巷道支护研究[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[24]考四明.巷道支护设计的有限元分析[D].安徽:安徽理工大学,2008
[25]宋宏伟,郭志宏.围岩松动圈巷道支护理论的基本观点[J].建井技术,1991(4~5).
[26]何满朝.软岩工程岩体力学理论研究最新进展[J].长春科技大学学报,2001.30(增刊):8~17
[27]刘长武,褚秀生.软岩巷道锚注加固原理与应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[28]王书刚.陶二矿扩大区深井巷道围岩变形规律及支护技术研究[D].河北:河北工程大学,2008
[29]李大旺.断裂构造区域深井回采巷道锚杆支护技术研究[D].山东:山东科技大学,2007
[30]肖炀燚.应力波法锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术研究[D].安徽:安徽理工大学,2009
[31]李鸿昌.矿山压力的相似模拟试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1987
[32]朱月明,潘一山,孙可明.急倾斜煤层开采解放层相似模拟实验[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(2):205~207
[33]刘林,程元平.开采远距离下保护层卸压保护角的相似模拟研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,33(6):7~9
[34] C. Srinivasan, S.K. Arora, S. Benady. Precursory monitoring of impending rockbursts in Kolar gold mines from microseismic emissions at deeper levels [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 1999, 36 : (941~948)
[35]高明中.急倾斜煤层开采岩移基本规律的模型试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):441~445
[36]赵保太,林柏泉,林传兵.三软不稳定煤层覆岩裂隙演化规律实验[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):199~202
[37]孔令强,孙景民等.模拟煤体的相似材料配比试验研究[J].露天开采技术,2007,4:33~36
[38]李红涛,刘长友,汪理全等.综放采场直接顶垮落成拱机理相似模拟研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(6):95~98
[39] L. Driad-Lebeau, F. Lahaie, M. Al Heib. Seismic and geotechnical investigations following a rockburst in a complex French mining district [J]. International Journal of Coal
[40] M. Grodner. Delineation of rockburst fractures with ground penetrating radar in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 2001, 38(885~891)
[41]仵锋锋,曹平,万琳辉.相似理论及其在模拟试验中的应用[J].采矿技术,2007, 7 ( 04 ) : 64-65
[42]杨正全,金永成,苏仲杰,压力平衡拱应力状态相似物理模拟研究[J],辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,6,Vo1.22,No.3:337~339
[43]薛亚东,康天合,靳钟铭.巷道围岩裂隙的分形演化规律试验研究[J],太原理工大学学报,2000,31(6):662~664
[44]康天合,靳钟铭,赵阳升.煤体内裂隙的结构特征与分布规律研究[J],西安科技学院学报,1994,14(4):318~323
[45]刘波,韩彦辉. FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[46]彭文斌. FLAC3D实用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[47]陈育民,徐鼎平. FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008
[48]李围.隧道及地下工程FLAC解析方法[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009
[49]孙晓明,何满潮.深部开采软岩巷道耦合支护数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005(3)166~169
[50] FLAC2D/Slope, User's Guide, Itasca Consulting Group, Iac. Mineapolis, Minnesota, 55415, USA, 2002
[51] Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continuain) User manual. Versions 5.0, Minneapofis, Minnesota.2005
[52] Itasca Consulting Group. FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continuain 3Dimensions ) [M].Version2.l, User manual, USA: Itasca Consulting Group, 2002.
[53] Manual of FLAC30. Itasca Consulting Croup, Inc, 1997.
[54]关杰,孙可明,朱明月.急倾斜煤层开采解放层防治冲击地压数值模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,21 (4):411~413
[2]寇卫锋,倾斜煤层巷道预应力锚杆(索)支护技术研究[D].陕西:西安科技大学,2008
[3]康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007
[4]徐干成,白洪才,郑颖人等.地下工程支护结构[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001
[5]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒,等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1983
[6]岳翰,贾悦谦,严志才.井巷锚杆及锚喷支护技术[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1984
[7]杨双锁.回采巷道围岩控制理论及锚固结构支护原理[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004
[8]杨双锁,康立勋.煤矿巷道锚杆支护研究的总结与展望[J].太原理工大学学报,2002,(4):376~381
[9]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰等.煤巷锚杆支护[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1999
[10]袁和生.煤矿巷道锚喷支护技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997
[11]董方庭.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及应用技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001
[12]薛顺勋,宋广太,库明欣.煤巷锚杆支护施工指南[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999
[13]陆士良,汤雷,杨新安等.锚杆锚固力与锚固技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1998
[14]郑颖人等.地下工程锚喷支护设计指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1988
[15]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994
[16]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[17]李占金,徐东强.软岩巷道支护理论及支护理论的研究和发展[J].河北理工学院学报,2003,25(4):8~13
[18]李日富.回采巷道围岩三维受力特征及其维护的研究[D].山西:太原理工大学,2006
[19]张德辉.阜新矿区煤巷锚杆支护技术研究[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2004
[20]孙长民.金源煤矿煤巷锚网支护方案优化研究[D].山东:山东科技大学,2006
[21]季卫斌.块状离散性破碎围岩控制及锚杆支护技术[D].山西:太原理工大学,2006
[22]杨慧明.基于复合材料模型的锚固机理研究[D].山东:山东科技大学,2006
[23]李东善.开滦赵各庄矿业公司深部回采巷道支护研究[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[24]考四明.巷道支护设计的有限元分析[D].安徽:安徽理工大学,2008
[25]宋宏伟,郭志宏.围岩松动圈巷道支护理论的基本观点[J].建井技术,1991(4~5).
[26]何满朝.软岩工程岩体力学理论研究最新进展[J].长春科技大学学报,2001.30(增刊):8~17
[27]刘长武,褚秀生.软岩巷道锚注加固原理与应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[28]王书刚.陶二矿扩大区深井巷道围岩变形规律及支护技术研究[D].河北:河北工程大学,2008
[29]李大旺.断裂构造区域深井回采巷道锚杆支护技术研究[D].山东:山东科技大学,2007
[30]肖炀燚.应力波法锚杆锚固质量无损检测技术研究[D].安徽:安徽理工大学,2009
[31]李鸿昌.矿山压力的相似模拟试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1987
[32]朱月明,潘一山,孙可明.急倾斜煤层开采解放层相似模拟实验[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(2):205~207
[33]刘林,程元平.开采远距离下保护层卸压保护角的相似模拟研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,33(6):7~9
[34] C. Srinivasan, S.K. Arora, S. Benady. Precursory monitoring of impending rockbursts in Kolar gold mines from microseismic emissions at deeper levels [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 1999, 36 : (941~948)
[35]高明中.急倾斜煤层开采岩移基本规律的模型试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):441~445
[36]赵保太,林柏泉,林传兵.三软不稳定煤层覆岩裂隙演化规律实验[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):199~202
[37]孔令强,孙景民等.模拟煤体的相似材料配比试验研究[J].露天开采技术,2007,4:33~36
[38]李红涛,刘长友,汪理全等.综放采场直接顶垮落成拱机理相似模拟研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(6):95~98
[39] L. Driad-Lebeau, F. Lahaie, M. Al Heib. Seismic and geotechnical investigations following a rockburst in a complex French mining district [J]. International Journal of Coal
[40] M. Grodner. Delineation of rockburst fractures with ground penetrating radar in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences, 2001, 38(885~891)
[41]仵锋锋,曹平,万琳辉.相似理论及其在模拟试验中的应用[J].采矿技术,2007, 7 ( 04 ) : 64-65
[42]杨正全,金永成,苏仲杰,压力平衡拱应力状态相似物理模拟研究[J],辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,6,Vo1.22,No.3:337~339
[43]薛亚东,康天合,靳钟铭.巷道围岩裂隙的分形演化规律试验研究[J],太原理工大学学报,2000,31(6):662~664
[44]康天合,靳钟铭,赵阳升.煤体内裂隙的结构特征与分布规律研究[J],西安科技学院学报,1994,14(4):318~323
[45]刘波,韩彦辉. FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[46]彭文斌. FLAC3D实用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[47]陈育民,徐鼎平. FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008
[48]李围.隧道及地下工程FLAC解析方法[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009
[49]孙晓明,何满潮.深部开采软岩巷道耦合支护数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005(3)166~169
[50] FLAC2D/Slope, User's Guide, Itasca Consulting Group, Iac. Mineapolis, Minnesota, 55415, USA, 2002
[51] Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continuain) User manual. Versions 5.0, Minneapofis, Minnesota.2005
[52] Itasca Consulting Group. FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continuain 3Dimensions ) [M].Version2.l, User manual, USA: Itasca Consulting Group, 2002.
[53] Manual of FLAC30. Itasca Consulting Croup, Inc, 1997.
[54]关杰,孙可明,朱明月.急倾斜煤层开采解放层防治冲击地压数值模拟[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,21 (4):411~413