信息化对企业竞争能力的影响机理与信息化战略选择
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摘要
企业竞争能力是企业在市场中取得和保持竞争优势的基础和保证,企业的每项活动都希望有助于提升企业竞争能力。随着信息技术的兴起,企业信息化成为又一个社会各界关注的领域,政府、学术界、企业界无不对其倾注了无限的期待,大家都认为实施企业信息化是信息时代提升企业竞争能力的必然选择。本文从理论和实证等多个角度,对企业信息化和竞争能力之间的关系进行了深入的研究,在竞争能力、企业信息化等相关概念界定的基础上,运用理论分析、文献综述、实证分析等方法,对竞争能力的需求变化和信息化提升竞争能力的机理模式进行了探讨,并对一些被忽略的信息化决策问题和信息化过程中的冲突问题进行了研究,提出了一些解决方法。通过对竞争能力和信息化关系的研究,本文总结了过去信息化战略失败的教训,对问题的原因进行了分析,提出了企业信息化战略制定的对策建议。
The enterprise informationization application has 40 year history until now, has been leads in the practical application by the information technology engineer. The main form of information technology application is partial application of producing and the management. In intense market competition environment, to meet the changeable market demand, more and more enterprises realized and reposed the hope in the application information technology and information system to establish enterprise organization's competitive ability and the competitive advantage. The information technology and information system's in business management status already from“the backstage”to“the onstage”, to the support enterprise strategy. Many enterprises introduce the informationization to improve its the operation and the production operation way. The informationization already became the essential strategic decision and the method of the general enterprises to survive and to develop. Although the computer technology application in economy domain had 40 years history from starts to test to present, but its effect, specially in high-level and in-depth application result, greatly is actually inferior in other application domain. Besides uses in the concrete business processing, many application project is few successful. So that someone in US thinks, in the history of the humanity, it has not looked like pays the so great to get the so few progresses like this today. Investigates its reason, mainly lies in the personnel who is engaged in the system development mainly the technology and the product impetus neglects the affect of demand , to understand insufficiency complex of administrative action's, to lack the understanding truly of the information technology needs to management and operation. They considers more the aspect from the technology than the application actual effect. But the user lacks the proper understanding, cannot propose on own initiative the practical request and coordinates in the development, therefore, even if the system develops is available, also enables the user to have the feeling of no suitable for use.
The most of former research paper also are discusses the information technology the application question, but paper to ponders and to research enterprise informationization from the management science and the superintendent angle are few. Most of that are discusses how to implement a concrete informationization project. Thesis intention to analyses the informatization mechanism and effect to lifting enterprise competitiveness, from angle of view of the enterprise high-rise handling crew and business administration learns, probes and effect applying how to give managerial control and strategy choice in the target process , ensuring that informatization lifting more competitive in reality. It also discussed the connection of informationize and competitiveness, to research literature about them, specially discussed the strategic function of the informationization to promote the competitive ability: (1) the enterprise informationization becomes the strategic method of the enterprise competition. (2) the information technology is the strategic property. (3) carries on the competition and the cooperation based on the information technology as the foundation. The information technology in the enterprise organizes mainly to have the following six kind of duties in the present stage: Enhances the productive forces, the acceleration decision-making process, to strengthen the team cooperation, the establishment enterprise the partnership with the enterprise alliance, to realize the globalization and to impel the organization to reform. At the present stage, the scholars had realized fully information technology's commercial value, also had thought the information technology has become the foundation of the enterprise development and competition, and has crate the new competition form and the connotation from this, It has been choose as competitive mode and way that must be taken, of the enterprise development based on the information technology.
The competitive ability structure of information age's also differs from with that of the industrialization time's competitive, it is by the external environment change decision. The information technology has a more widespread serviceability and stronger seepage ability. It has higher knowledge aggregative, the economy and the social efficiency is obvious. Its development speed is quicker, the update cycle is shorter. It has the greatly strengthened effectiveness. The information technology to the economical huge promoter action, is decides by information technology own characteristic. It includes: Innovation, rapidity, crowded, extreme. In the last few years the information technology obtained the unprecedented development, using the information network, thus the massive enterprises expand the product the marketing channel and the market influence, the expanded product's market share, maintains enterprise's market competition superiority, enhancement enterprise's profit ability. Simultaneously what follows the informationization to come is the enterprise environment of competition trend to turbulence and complex, the management uncertainty increases. The enterprise's use many of information technology method. And the foundation platform of operation based on information network is becoming the way to manage and to control activity of the enterprise. As H.I. Ansoff pointed out that only then analyzes the enterprise internal and external environmental factor earnestly, and can formulate own development direction, the goal and the way enterprise according to the above can win in the competition.
Enterprise competitive come from four basic dimensions: First, the enterprise locates environment, specially industry environment; Second, the enterprise has or the control resources, particularly strategic resources; Third, the enterprise has ability, specially core competencies; Fourth, enterprise's knowledge, particularly current capacity knowledge. These four factors decide the enterprise competitive power from the different level. The enterprise competitive power is formed in the interactive process of the external environment and the enterprise interior resources, ability, knowledge. Information age's competitive ability's level is was different from former, its first level is the enterprise operates ability, the second level is cooperation competitive ability, the third level is strategic competitive ability.
The enterprise external environment's changes cause the demand of competitive ability to the enterprise informationization. The introduction of informationization causes the management essential factor to change. The management essential factor is increases from the single essential factor by the first time to three essential factors, namely“the human”becomes both“the human”and“the thing”,also to manage“the fund”. The second time is from three essential factor changes to four essential factors, also increased“the environment”. To the information age,“the information”also is increased as the essential factor, This causes the management essential factor to include the person, the thing, the fund, the environment and the information. It changes five essential factors form four essential factor. The enterprise strategy, the service, the process, the technology, the personnel are the foundation to decided that the enterprise informationization demand, the demand of the enterprise strategy to informationization is the directive demand, of the service is the most direct demand, of the process is the indirect demand, of the technology is the direct demand, of the personnel is one of informationization power supplies.
Information age's pattern of enterprises also has the demand to the informationization, its reason is: (1) information age's organizational structure change's tendency is the flattening, the network, the flexibility, the virtualization. (2) enterprise's product technology structural change is also very quick, technical and the product refresh rate is unusual, emerges the new structure and the new product unceasingly. The product refresh rate is quicker and the life cycle is shorter, the product tend to the technique content is getting higher and higher, the reliability enhances largely, technological development's key point lies in increases the product the electronic information technique content, the product standardization, the seriation and the more perfectly general availability, to the energy conservation, the environmental protection. (3) facing the intense market competition, the enterprise pays attention to the process, the implementation business process reengineering come into business management tendency. (4) the informationization and the globalized tendency expanded the competition scope and the way, the enterprise competition no longer are the simple product competition, the brand competition and the business model competition already became the commonly used method of the enterprise competition.
The enterprise informationization mainly manifests to competitive ability's function in: First, the enterprise informationization might promote the enterprise to form the product and the service variation. Second, the enterprise informationization changed enterprise's competitive mode and the expanded competition scope. Third, the enterprise informationization enhanced enterprise's product and technological innovation ability. Fourth, the enterprise informationization raised the enterprise interior human resources disposition efficiency. Fifth, the enterprise informationization may enable the enterprise to have the new existence forms, is also may provide one kind of virtual for the enterprise Enterprise's informationization process may divide into the low, middle and high three stages, for the different period enterprise's informationization, its effect and the goal is dissimilar, regarding the informationization process's initial stage enterprise, the informationization construction may obviously raise the efficiency, reduces the cost, reduces the manpower investment, the saving of time, saves the fund. Regarding the informationization process's middle stage enterprise, the informationization construction may strengthen the management, the control risk standard operation process, the control service risk, the improvement mode of administration, strengthens the management dynamics, assist to decision-making and crisis management. Regarding the informationization process higher phase enterprise, the informationization construction may establish the IT core competencies, forms the unique competitive advantage. Through the empirical study, we have constructed the enterprise informationization function competitive ability mechanism model, has carried on validating the model.
The enterprise director give the enormous attention to the enterprise informationization strategy, manifests in four aspects: (1) enterprise in the informationization process, the investment repayment is the superintendent most cares about the problem. (2) project implementation cycle. (3) post-sale service. (4) the enterprise director to newest technical understanding. The information technology renews is quick, requests the people to study unceasingly, follows close on the information technology progressive step. The correct implementation enterprise informationization must set up the strategic idea, and this idea guarantee enterprise informationization process to success throughoutly. These ideas include: (1) strategic guidance, foothold competitive ability. (2) system analysis, strengthened coordination management. (3) moderate informationization, emphasis strategy match. The enterprise informationization strategy choice's pattern may divide into the non-mathematics decision model and the mathematics decision model two kinds on the whole, non-mathematics decision model: (1)“Saint cow”pattern; (2) survives needs pattern; (3) formidable comparison pattern. Mathematics decision model: (1) economic indicator pattern; (2) overall target pattern; (3) uncertainty pattern. Besides the above two kind of patterns, but also one kind of decision model may be called from self-organization pattern.
The conflict of informationization process's is a main factor of affects the enterprise to informationize the successful. Many project defeat's reason often is causes by the out of control management conflict. Its root is lack of the conflict understanding and the counter measures preparation for the enterprise manager. We have analyzed in the enterprise informationization process conflict mechanism, the reason, the manifestation, and also proposed that the informationization conflict's solution includes: 1. maintains the present situation. 2. uses the optimal information system. 3. diverts the new system. 4. implements the comprehensive informationization management. 5. Trains after first, implements. Only then explains the informationization conflict, can guarantee that the enterprise informationization the success implementation, achieves of the promotion enterprise competitive ability.
Through two cases, analyzed the enterprise to implement informationizes the successful experience and the implementation method, two enterprises belonged to the different profession, had the respective method and the characteristic is respectively, simultaneously has also confirmed in front of us the theory. Also aims at our country enterprise informationization existence seven aspect question: (1) management foundation is weak, manages the idea to be backward; (2) the informationization foundation is weak, information consciousness waits for strengthening; (3) the informationization investment insufficiency, informationization ability is not strong; (4) the policy driving influence is bigger than the market driving influence, has not been able to meet enterprise's true needs; (5) lacks the unified plan and the standard, the laws and regulations is imperfect; (6) various departments do things on their own way, exist massively based on the function system; (7) the technical dependence is high, the construction cycle controls is difficulty. Aimed at the government and the enterprise separately proposed the policy suggestion, the government must change the direct drives is the indirect drives, strengthened the informationization promotion, promotion informationization and the industrialization to fusion, the strengthened enterprise in the informationization process main body status. The enterprise needs the defined enterprise informationization the motive, the attention enterprise informationization with the government industry related policy engagement, the enterprise informationization to insist that the technical equipment informationization and management the informationization to develop simultaneously, strengthens the business management foundation work not to be possible to be few, the enterprise informationization talented and the knowledge reserve is the successful key of informationizes, the scientific policy-making is successful important guarantee of the informationization project, strengthens the control in the enterprise informationization process.
Paper main conclusion:
1.In the information age, information technology is the most important factor of production; the environment is more volatile external; the trend of specialization is more apparent; the division of labor more clearly; internal more and more shows learning organization and knowledge of the identity; changing business competition rules. The organizational structure has changed greatly, showing a certain flexibility characteristics. Some new features of competitive performance: (1) competition in refinement; (2) the rapid innovation; (3) technology intensive; 4) the quality of very high; (5) competition of cross time and area. Enterprise competitiveness dimension from the traditional, of the four dimensions: environment, resources, abilities, knowledge, evolute to six dimensions of dimension: the environment, resource base, management and innovation capability, knowledge, networking, corporate culture. Competitiveness of the Information Age really works factor is price, quality, flexibility and service, delivery time.
2. Information age competitive ability to informationization demand divides into two aspects. One is the competitive ability major effect factor to the informationization demand, the informationization demand of the environment shows in two aspect's drawing of the government policy and the technical environment functions. the informationization demand of the resources shows the informationization resource base, he informationization demand of the ability shows the informationization support aspect, the informationization demand of the knowledge lay in the informationization has provided the essential tool and the method for the knowledge and the knowledge management, to created the new knowledge. In the enterprise the informationization demand of the network relations supply the chain management, the hypothesized business management and the group control, to help the enterprise to form the strategic alliance, the group manage, flexible hypothesized alliance. The informationization demand of the enterprise culture lie in informationization to support enterprise's study culture, flattening network, flexibility. In the process of the competitive ability to the informationization demand analysis, the enterprise strategy, the organization, the operation flow, the personnel, the product and the technology, the business model is also decides the the foundation essential factor of the enterprise informationization demand. Enterprise sustainable competitive ability is the dynamic ability, including the environment adaptiveness, learning capability, strategic innovation ability, these three aspect ability also has the demand to the informationization. The informationization demand of the environment adaptiveness is the information platform. The informationization demand of continually learning capability establishes the knowledge management information system to realizes knowledge sharing. The informationization demand of strategic innovation ability is the informationization platform which establishes to request and innovates adapts.
3. The enterprise informationization's four primary service domain, represents by four kind of main IT information system. They are: The enterprise resources plan system (ERP), the supplies chain management system (SCM), the customer relations management (system CRM) and the product life cycle management system (PLM). The enterprise informationization may induce to competitive ability's function way into the following several points:①The enterprise informationization may help the enterprise to form the product and the service differentiation.②The enterprise informationization changed enterprise's competitive mode and the expanded competition area.③The enterprise informationization may reduce the cost large scale.④The enterprise informationization enhanced enterprise's product and technological innovation ability.⑤The enterprise informationization raised the enterprise resources deployment efficiency.⑥The enterprise informationization may enable the enterprise to have the new government shape.
4. The superintendent to informationization attention including investment repayment, project implementation cycle, post-sale service, to newest technical understanding. Information technology's development destroyed the original industry and the competition system, also has brought the strategic opportunity newly to the enterprise, impelled the enterprise strategy idea ponder to depend on the informationization. It need enterprise to sets up the strategic idea in the competition:①Strategic guidance, foothold competitive ability.②System analysis, strengthened coordination management.③Moderate informationization, emphasis strategy match. Enterprise informationization strategy characteristic: Overall, long-term characteristic, hierarchical, risk. In the enterprise informationization process, the informationization strategy choice has the specially important status, the waste which the decision-making creates is the biggest waste, this had proven for many enterprise's practices, must maintain policy-making correctness, needs an authority's unified information policy-making organ and realizes the policy-making scientific style, the democratization. The enterprise informationization decision-making's scientific nature, the systematic characteristic and the foresight are the enterprise informationization construct the successful premise, simultaneously, the enterprise informationization construction's decision-making must match with the enterprise strategy decision-making. The enterprise informationization strategy choice's risk including the management risk, the human resources risk, the partner risk, the technological risks, the time period risk, the capital budgeting risk, the informationization security risk. The risk analysis is guards against the risk to the premise. In order to guarantee the success of the informationization implementation, but must carry on the appraisal to the informationization strategy choice, to control the conflict to the informationization strategy choice.
5. The enterprise informationization's goal is sharpens enterprise's competitive ability, the informationization degree must match with enterprise's strategic. The success of the informationization application be helpful to the promotion enterprise competitive ability, the informationization insufficient and the informationization can give enterprise's competitive ability excessively to harm. In the informationization process, the detail is important, needs to perform analysis and the control to the enterprise informationization process various aspects factor. The technical question is no doubt important, but, the question of management to be also not allow to neglect, specially such as the enterprise informationization decision-making, in the enterprise informationization process's conflict and so on some questions, need to give highly the attention. The enterprise informationization strategy needs take to promote the enterprise competitive ability as a master line, to the question which appears must carry on analyzes scientifically, and draws up the target-oriented countermeasure and measure.
The enterprise informationization application has 40 year history until now, has been leads in the practical application by the information technology engineer. The main form of information technology application is partial application of producing and the management. In intense market competition environment, to meet the changeable market demand, more and more enterprises realized and reposed the hope in the application information technology and information system to establish enterprise organization's competitive ability and the competitive advantage. The information technology and information system's in business management status already from“the backstage”to“the onstage”, to the support enterprise strategy. Many enterprises introduce the informationization to improve its the operation and the production operation way. The informationization already became the essential strategic decision and the method of the general enterprises to survive and to develop. Although the computer technology application in economy domain had 40 years history from starts to test to present, but its effect, specially in high-level and in-depth application result, greatly is actually inferior in other application domain. Besides uses in the concrete business processing, many application project is few successful. So that someone in US thinks, in the history of the humanity, it has not looked like pays the so great to get the so few progresses like this today. Investigates its reason, mainly lies in the personnel who is engaged in the system development mainly the technology and the product impetus neglects the affect of demand , to understand insufficiency complex of administrative action's, to lack the understanding truly of the information technology needs to management and operation. They considers more the aspect from the technology than the application actual effect. But the user lacks the proper understanding, cannot propose on own initiative the practical request and coordinates in the development, therefore, even if the system develops is available, also enables the user to have the feeling of no suitable for use.
The most of former research paper also are discusses the information technology the application question, but paper to ponders and to research enterprise informationization from the management science and the superintendent angle are few. Most of that are discusses how to implement a concrete informationization project. Thesis intention to analyses the informatization mechanism and effect to lifting enterprise competitiveness, from angle of view of the enterprise high-rise handling crew and business administration learns, probes and effect applying how to give managerial control and strategy choice in the target process , ensuring that informatization lifting more competitive in reality. It also discussed the connection of informationize and competitiveness, to research literature about them, specially discussed the strategic function of the informationization to promote the competitive ability: (1) the enterprise informationization becomes the strategic method of the enterprise competition. (2) the information technology is the strategic property. (3) carries on the competition and the cooperation based on the information technology as the foundation. The information technology in the enterprise organizes mainly to have the following six kind of duties in the present stage: Enhances the productive forces, the acceleration decision-making process, to strengthen the team cooperation, the establishment enterprise the partnership with the enterprise alliance, to realize the globalization and to impel the organization to reform. At the present stage, the scholars had realized fully information technology's commercial value, also had thought the information technology has become the foundation of the enterprise development and competition, and has crate the new competition form and the connotation from this, It has been choose as competitive mode and way that must be taken, of the enterprise development based on the information technology.
The competitive ability structure of information age's also differs from with that of the industrialization time's competitive, it is by the external environment change decision. The information technology has a more widespread serviceability and stronger seepage ability. It has higher knowledge aggregative, the economy and the social efficiency is obvious. Its development speed is quicker, the update cycle is shorter. It has the greatly strengthened effectiveness. The information technology to the economical huge promoter action, is decides by information technology own characteristic. It includes: Innovation, rapidity, crowded, extreme. In the last few years the information technology obtained the unprecedented development, using the information network, thus the massive enterprises expand the product the marketing channel and the market influence, the expanded product's market share, maintains enterprise's market competition superiority, enhancement enterprise's profit ability. Simultaneously what follows the informationization to come is the enterprise environment of competition trend to turbulence and complex, the management uncertainty increases. The enterprise's use many of information technology method. And the foundation platform of operation based on information network is becoming the way to manage and to control activity of the enterprise. As H.I. Ansoff pointed out that only then analyzes the enterprise internal and external environmental factor earnestly, and can formulate own development direction, the goal and the way enterprise according to the above can win in the competition.
Enterprise competitive come from four basic dimensions: First, the enterprise locates environment, specially industry environment; Second, the enterprise has or the control resources, particularly strategic resources; Third, the enterprise has ability, specially core competencies; Fourth, enterprise's knowledge, particularly current capacity knowledge. These four factors decide the enterprise competitive power from the different level. The enterprise competitive power is formed in the interactive process of the external environment and the enterprise interior resources, ability, knowledge. Information age's competitive ability's level is was different from former, its first level is the enterprise operates ability, the second level is cooperation competitive ability, the third level is strategic competitive ability.
The enterprise external environment's changes cause the demand of competitive ability to the enterprise informationization. The introduction of informationization causes the management essential factor to change. The management essential factor is increases from the single essential factor by the first time to three essential factors, namely“the human”becomes both“the human”and“the thing”,also to manage“the fund”. The second time is from three essential factor changes to four essential factors, also increased“the environment”. To the information age,“the information”also is increased as the essential factor, This causes the management essential factor to include the person, the thing, the fund, the environment and the information. It changes five essential factors form four essential factor. The enterprise strategy, the service, the process, the technology, the personnel are the foundation to decided that the enterprise informationization demand, the demand of the enterprise strategy to informationization is the directive demand, of the service is the most direct demand, of the process is the indirect demand, of the technology is the direct demand, of the personnel is one of informationization power supplies.
Information age's pattern of enterprises also has the demand to the informationization, its reason is: (1) information age's organizational structure change's tendency is the flattening, the network, the flexibility, the virtualization. (2) enterprise's product technology structural change is also very quick, technical and the product refresh rate is unusual, emerges the new structure and the new product unceasingly. The product refresh rate is quicker and the life cycle is shorter, the product tend to the technique content is getting higher and higher, the reliability enhances largely, technological development's key point lies in increases the product the electronic information technique content, the product standardization, the seriation and the more perfectly general availability, to the energy conservation, the environmental protection. (3) facing the intense market competition, the enterprise pays attention to the process, the implementation business process reengineering come into business management tendency. (4) the informationization and the globalized tendency expanded the competition scope and the way, the enterprise competition no longer are the simple product competition, the brand competition and the business model competition already became the commonly used method of the enterprise competition.
The enterprise informationization mainly manifests to competitive ability's function in: First, the enterprise informationization might promote the enterprise to form the product and the service variation. Second, the enterprise informationization changed enterprise's competitive mode and the expanded competition scope. Third, the enterprise informationization enhanced enterprise's product and technological innovation ability. Fourth, the enterprise informationization raised the enterprise interior human resources disposition efficiency. Fifth, the enterprise informationization may enable the enterprise to have the new existence forms, is also may provide one kind of virtual for the enterprise Enterprise's informationization process may divide into the low, middle and high three stages, for the different period enterprise's informationization, its effect and the goal is dissimilar, regarding the informationization process's initial stage enterprise, the informationization construction may obviously raise the efficiency, reduces the cost, reduces the manpower investment, the saving of time, saves the fund. Regarding the informationization process's middle stage enterprise, the informationization construction may strengthen the management, the control risk standard operation process, the control service risk, the improvement mode of administration, strengthens the management dynamics, assist to decision-making and crisis management. Regarding the informationization process higher phase enterprise, the informationization construction may establish the IT core competencies, forms the unique competitive advantage. Through the empirical study, we have constructed the enterprise informationization function competitive ability mechanism model, has carried on validating the model.
The enterprise director give the enormous attention to the enterprise informationization strategy, manifests in four aspects: (1) enterprise in the informationization process, the investment repayment is the superintendent most cares about the problem. (2) project implementation cycle. (3) post-sale service. (4) the enterprise director to newest technical understanding. The information technology renews is quick, requests the people to study unceasingly, follows close on the information technology progressive step. The correct implementation enterprise informationization must set up the strategic idea, and this idea guarantee enterprise informationization process to success throughoutly. These ideas include: (1) strategic guidance, foothold competitive ability. (2) system analysis, strengthened coordination management. (3) moderate informationization, emphasis strategy match. The enterprise informationization strategy choice's pattern may divide into the non-mathematics decision model and the mathematics decision model two kinds on the whole, non-mathematics decision model: (1)“Saint cow”pattern; (2) survives needs pattern; (3) formidable comparison pattern. Mathematics decision model: (1) economic indicator pattern; (2) overall target pattern; (3) uncertainty pattern. Besides the above two kind of patterns, but also one kind of decision model may be called from self-organization pattern.
The conflict of informationization process's is a main factor of affects the enterprise to informationize the successful. Many project defeat's reason often is causes by the out of control management conflict. Its root is lack of the conflict understanding and the counter measures preparation for the enterprise manager. We have analyzed in the enterprise informationization process conflict mechanism, the reason, the manifestation, and also proposed that the informationization conflict's solution includes: 1. maintains the present situation. 2. uses the optimal information system. 3. diverts the new system. 4. implements the comprehensive informationization management. 5. Trains after first, implements. Only then explains the informationization conflict, can guarantee that the enterprise informationization the success implementation, achieves of the promotion enterprise competitive ability.
Through two cases, analyzed the enterprise to implement informationizes the successful experience and the implementation method, two enterprises belonged to the different profession, had the respective method and the characteristic is respectively, simultaneously has also confirmed in front of us the theory. Also aims at our country enterprise informationization existence seven aspect question: (1) management foundation is weak, manages the idea to be backward; (2) the informationization foundation is weak, information consciousness waits for strengthening; (3) the informationization investment insufficiency, informationization ability is not strong; (4) the policy driving influence is bigger than the market driving influence, has not been able to meet enterprise's true needs; (5) lacks the unified plan and the standard, the laws and regulations is imperfect; (6) various departments do things on their own way, exist massively based on the function system; (7) the technical dependence is high, the construction cycle controls is difficulty. Aimed at the government and the enterprise separately proposed the policy suggestion, the government must change the direct drives is the indirect drives, strengthened the informationization promotion, promotion informationization and the industrialization to fusion, the strengthened enterprise in the informationization process main body status. The enterprise needs the defined enterprise informationization the motive, the attention enterprise informationization with the government industry related policy engagement, the enterprise informationization to insist that the technical equipment informationization and management the informationization to develop simultaneously, strengthens the business management foundation work not to be possible to be few, the enterprise informationization talented and the knowledge reserve is the successful key of informationizes, the scientific policy-making is successful important guarantee of the informationization project, strengthens the control in the enterprise informationization process.
Paper main conclusion:
1.In the information age, information technology is the most important factor of production; the environment is more volatile external; the trend of specialization is more apparent; the division of labor more clearly; internal more and more shows learning organization and knowledge of the identity; changing business competition rules. The organizational structure has changed greatly, showing a certain flexibility characteristics. Some new features of competitive performance: (1) competition in refinement; (2) the rapid innovation; (3) technology intensive; 4) the quality of very high; (5) competition of cross time and area. Enterprise competitiveness dimension from the traditional, of the four dimensions: environment, resources, abilities, knowledge, evolute to six dimensions of dimension: the environment, resource base, management and innovation capability, knowledge, networking, corporate culture. Competitiveness of the Information Age really works factor is price, quality, flexibility and service, delivery time.
2. Information age competitive ability to informationization demand divides into two aspects. One is the competitive ability major effect factor to the informationization demand, the informationization demand of the environment shows in two aspect's drawing of the government policy and the technical environment functions. the informationization demand of the resources shows the informationization resource base, he informationization demand of the ability shows the informationization support aspect, the informationization demand of the knowledge lay in the informationization has provided the essential tool and the method for the knowledge and the knowledge management, to created the new knowledge. In the enterprise the informationization demand of the network relations supply the chain management, the hypothesized business management and the group control, to help the enterprise to form the strategic alliance, the group manage, flexible hypothesized alliance. The informationization demand of the enterprise culture lie in informationization to support enterprise's study culture, flattening network, flexibility. In the process of the competitive ability to the informationization demand analysis, the enterprise strategy, the organization, the operation flow, the personnel, the product and the technology, the business model is also decides the the foundation essential factor of the enterprise informationization demand. Enterprise sustainable competitive ability is the dynamic ability, including the environment adaptiveness, learning capability, strategic innovation ability, these three aspect ability also has the demand to the informationization. The informationization demand of the environment adaptiveness is the information platform. The informationization demand of continually learning capability establishes the knowledge management information system to realizes knowledge sharing. The informationization demand of strategic innovation ability is the informationization platform which establishes to request and innovates adapts.
3. The enterprise informationization's four primary service domain, represents by four kind of main IT information system. They are: The enterprise resources plan system (ERP), the supplies chain management system (SCM), the customer relations management (system CRM) and the product life cycle management system (PLM). The enterprise informationization may induce to competitive ability's function way into the following several points:①The enterprise informationization may help the enterprise to form the product and the service differentiation.②The enterprise informationization changed enterprise's competitive mode and the expanded competition area.③The enterprise informationization may reduce the cost large scale.④The enterprise informationization enhanced enterprise's product and technological innovation ability.⑤The enterprise informationization raised the enterprise resources deployment efficiency.⑥The enterprise informationization may enable the enterprise to have the new government shape.
4. The superintendent to informationization attention including investment repayment, project implementation cycle, post-sale service, to newest technical understanding. Information technology's development destroyed the original industry and the competition system, also has brought the strategic opportunity newly to the enterprise, impelled the enterprise strategy idea ponder to depend on the informationization. It need enterprise to sets up the strategic idea in the competition:①Strategic guidance, foothold competitive ability.②System analysis, strengthened coordination management.③Moderate informationization, emphasis strategy match. Enterprise informationization strategy characteristic: Overall, long-term characteristic, hierarchical, risk. In the enterprise informationization process, the informationization strategy choice has the specially important status, the waste which the decision-making creates is the biggest waste, this had proven for many enterprise's practices, must maintain policy-making correctness, needs an authority's unified information policy-making organ and realizes the policy-making scientific style, the democratization. The enterprise informationization decision-making's scientific nature, the systematic characteristic and the foresight are the enterprise informationization construct the successful premise, simultaneously, the enterprise informationization construction's decision-making must match with the enterprise strategy decision-making. The enterprise informationization strategy choice's risk including the management risk, the human resources risk, the partner risk, the technological risks, the time period risk, the capital budgeting risk, the informationization security risk. The risk analysis is guards against the risk to the premise. In order to guarantee the success of the informationization implementation, but must carry on the appraisal to the informationization strategy choice, to control the conflict to the informationization strategy choice.
5. The enterprise informationization's goal is sharpens enterprise's competitive ability, the informationization degree must match with enterprise's strategic. The success of the informationization application be helpful to the promotion enterprise competitive ability, the informationization insufficient and the informationization can give enterprise's competitive ability excessively to harm. In the informationization process, the detail is important, needs to perform analysis and the control to the enterprise informationization process various aspects factor. The technical question is no doubt important, but, the question of management to be also not allow to neglect, specially such as the enterprise informationization decision-making, in the enterprise informationization process's conflict and so on some questions, need to give highly the attention. The enterprise informationization strategy needs take to promote the enterprise competitive ability as a master line, to the question which appears must carry on analyzes scientifically, and draws up the target-oriented countermeasure and measure.
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