基于“3S”技术的北京地区植被覆盖空间格局分析
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摘要
地表植被覆盖变化将会直接导致景观格局发生变化,获取地表植被覆盖信息,分析其格局的演化对分析评价生态环境有重要的现实意义。利用景观的分析方法定量研究植被覆盖格局既能从宏观上把握格局的整体变化情况和趋势,易于进行景观级别上的对比研究,也能从微观上利用生态学原理借助景观指标综合分析景观格局变化的深刻原因。为了分析北京市植被覆盖时空变化过程和变化规律,本研究将景观生态学原理和景观分析方法与3S技术相结合,对北京市近10年的植被覆盖格局变化进行研究,为北京市生态环境建设提供决策的基础数据。本研究对多期遥感影像进行处理,计算NDVI,利用等密度模型提取研究区的植被覆盖度,制作植被覆盖等级图。建立基于植被类型和土地覆盖的北京市景观分类标准,利用决策树对遥感影像进行分类,制作景观图。同时选取景观结构分析指标,以地理信息系统为平台,提取相关信息,进行景观结构的时空分析。之后首次将三种景观结构变化分析方法结合在一起来研究北京地区植被覆盖空间格局变化,对变化进行定量描述,对趋势进行定性预测。通过对北京市植被覆盖格局的分析表明:西山和北山景观带植被覆盖率较高,特别是西山景观带,生态环境相对稳定,但是近年整体上植被覆盖率有下降趋势。各种斑块类型频繁转换多发生在东南平原景观带,植被覆盖率一直在下降,北京平原地区生态环境具有脆弱易变的特征。
The changes of vegetation will directly cause landscape pattern's changes. It is very important for us to analyze the landscape pattern changes for evaluating ecology environment. In order to analyze the temporal and spatial process and features of vegetation changes in Beijing, and provide scientific basis for decision-making of environment construction,the study will take landscape ecology theory,landscape pattern analysis and 3S together in research work.
Firstly, the study selected 3 years TM images in recent 10 years, calculated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and drew the map of vegetation grades. Secondly, it established classification of landscape ecology basing on vegetation form and Land cover form, and classified the images by Decision Tree and finished Landscape type map. At last, we choose the landscape pattern as analyzing indicator, and it has been analyzed basing on landscape metrics and obtained correlation index by GIS.
The result shows that there is a higher rate of landscape vegetation in West Mountain Land and North Mountain Land. The ecological environment is comparatively stable especially in West Mountain Land, but the rate of vegetation has decreased in these years in Beijing city. Various classes' mutual transformation happened in Southeast Plain Land. The result indicates that the ecological environment is unsteadiness and fragmentation in Southeast Plain Land.
The changes of vegetation will directly cause landscape pattern's changes. It is very important for us to analyze the landscape pattern changes for evaluating ecology environment. In order to analyze the temporal and spatial process and features of vegetation changes in Beijing, and provide scientific basis for decision-making of environment construction,the study will take landscape ecology theory,landscape pattern analysis and 3S together in research work.
Firstly, the study selected 3 years TM images in recent 10 years, calculated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and drew the map of vegetation grades. Secondly, it established classification of landscape ecology basing on vegetation form and Land cover form, and classified the images by Decision Tree and finished Landscape type map. At last, we choose the landscape pattern as analyzing indicator, and it has been analyzed basing on landscape metrics and obtained correlation index by GIS.
The result shows that there is a higher rate of landscape vegetation in West Mountain Land and North Mountain Land. The ecological environment is comparatively stable especially in West Mountain Land, but the rate of vegetation has decreased in these years in Beijing city. Various classes' mutual transformation happened in Southeast Plain Land. The result indicates that the ecological environment is unsteadiness and fragmentation in Southeast Plain Land.
引文
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