建筑项目全寿命周期动态联盟研究
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摘要
近几年来,随着集成技术和网络技术的发展,建设项目管理正经历着一场前所未有的改革,动态联盟理论在建设项目管理中得到一定应用和推广。但由于建设项目管理过程错综复杂,业务涉及面广,参与方众多,市场瞬息变化,如何在激烈的市场竞争中把握市场机遇,实现建设项目的全寿命周期管理,成为建设项目管理改革的重要目标,也是学术界探讨的热门课题。
关于建设项目的组织与管理,在理论和实践方面已有不少研究,如利用集成技术、寻找合作伙伴组成动态联盟等,但还没有形成理论体系,许多方面还有待进一步研究和探索。本文针对建设项目的特点,运用全寿命周期管理和动态联盟的相关理论,提出了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟模式,介绍了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟的含义、原则、特点,并重点从以下方面对建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟进行了深入研究。
本文首先分析了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟体、建设项目全寿命动态联盟总盟主企业、阶段盟主企业及其它盟员企业的组织结构;介绍了契约支撑、核心能力支撑、信息技术支撑等建设项目全寿命动态联盟的组织运行支撑平台。接着文章通过如何使全寿命周期管理得以有效实现的问题,分析了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟各参与方的参与程度与范围;将建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟过程分为决策阶段、设计阶段、施工阶段、运营阶段,并对各阶段业务运作流程进行了阐述;同时对建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟中总盟主方、阶段盟主方的信息流进行了论述。最后文章从建设项目全寿命动态联盟的质量管理、进度管理、成本管理、风险管理、信息集成管理,以及文化管理等方面重点论述了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟项目管理。本文研究成果对建设项目管理改革具有一定的指导意义,也对动态联盟的发展和实际应用提出了新的思路和方法。
In recent years, with the development of integration technology and information technology, construction project management is going through a new transformation. Dynamic alliance theory has been applied and spreaded in some degree in construction project management. But the course of construction project management is very complex involving with wide operation coverage and numerous participants. Facing the challenge of variational market, how to grasp the market opportunity to realize the entire life-cycle management of construction project, becomes important object of the transformation of construction project management, and also is the interesting academic topic.
Some researches have been reported on the organization and management of construction projects in the theory and the practice aspect of integration technology, constructing dynamic alliance with partner and so on. But the theory system has not been established,and further researches are needed in many aspects. In this paper, by aiming at the characteristic of construction project and depending on the theories of dynamic alliance and entire life-cycle management, the pattern of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project was brought forward, and the meanings, principle and specialty of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project was introduced also. The paper emphasized on researches of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project on the following aspects.
Firstly, the paper analyzed the organization structure of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance body of construction project, the chief alliance owners, the phase alliance owners and other league enterprises, and introduced the supporting systems in operation of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project of contract including bond-support, core capability-support and information technology-support et al. Then, encircled on the question how to realize entire life-cycle management of construction project, the paper analyzed the participation degree and scope of each participant in the entire life-cycle dynamic alliance of construction project, and expatiated the operation flow of each classified phase in the course of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance of construction project including decision phase,design phase,construction phase and operation phase. At the same time information flow analysis about the chief alliance owners and the phase alliance owners was expatiated also. Finally the paper discussed project management of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project on the aspects of quality management, schedule management, cost management, risk management, information integration management and culture management.
The research achievements of this paper has certain instructional significance to the transformation of construction project management, and also put forward new ideas and ways to the development and practice application of dynamic alliance.
关于建设项目的组织与管理,在理论和实践方面已有不少研究,如利用集成技术、寻找合作伙伴组成动态联盟等,但还没有形成理论体系,许多方面还有待进一步研究和探索。本文针对建设项目的特点,运用全寿命周期管理和动态联盟的相关理论,提出了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟模式,介绍了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟的含义、原则、特点,并重点从以下方面对建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟进行了深入研究。
本文首先分析了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟体、建设项目全寿命动态联盟总盟主企业、阶段盟主企业及其它盟员企业的组织结构;介绍了契约支撑、核心能力支撑、信息技术支撑等建设项目全寿命动态联盟的组织运行支撑平台。接着文章通过如何使全寿命周期管理得以有效实现的问题,分析了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟各参与方的参与程度与范围;将建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟过程分为决策阶段、设计阶段、施工阶段、运营阶段,并对各阶段业务运作流程进行了阐述;同时对建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟中总盟主方、阶段盟主方的信息流进行了论述。最后文章从建设项目全寿命动态联盟的质量管理、进度管理、成本管理、风险管理、信息集成管理,以及文化管理等方面重点论述了建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟项目管理。本文研究成果对建设项目管理改革具有一定的指导意义,也对动态联盟的发展和实际应用提出了新的思路和方法。
In recent years, with the development of integration technology and information technology, construction project management is going through a new transformation. Dynamic alliance theory has been applied and spreaded in some degree in construction project management. But the course of construction project management is very complex involving with wide operation coverage and numerous participants. Facing the challenge of variational market, how to grasp the market opportunity to realize the entire life-cycle management of construction project, becomes important object of the transformation of construction project management, and also is the interesting academic topic.
Some researches have been reported on the organization and management of construction projects in the theory and the practice aspect of integration technology, constructing dynamic alliance with partner and so on. But the theory system has not been established,and further researches are needed in many aspects. In this paper, by aiming at the characteristic of construction project and depending on the theories of dynamic alliance and entire life-cycle management, the pattern of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project was brought forward, and the meanings, principle and specialty of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project was introduced also. The paper emphasized on researches of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project on the following aspects.
Firstly, the paper analyzed the organization structure of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance body of construction project, the chief alliance owners, the phase alliance owners and other league enterprises, and introduced the supporting systems in operation of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project of contract including bond-support, core capability-support and information technology-support et al. Then, encircled on the question how to realize entire life-cycle management of construction project, the paper analyzed the participation degree and scope of each participant in the entire life-cycle dynamic alliance of construction project, and expatiated the operation flow of each classified phase in the course of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance of construction project including decision phase,design phase,construction phase and operation phase. At the same time information flow analysis about the chief alliance owners and the phase alliance owners was expatiated also. Finally the paper discussed project management of entire life-cycle dynamic alliance management of construction project on the aspects of quality management, schedule management, cost management, risk management, information integration management and culture management.
The research achievements of this paper has certain instructional significance to the transformation of construction project management, and also put forward new ideas and ways to the development and practice application of dynamic alliance.
引文
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[3] Silvor I. Pires, Caplos F. Bremer, Luisa, De Santa Eulalin, Christiane, Christiane P, Goulart. Supply Chain and Dynamic alliance: Comparisons, Migration and a Case Study. International Journal of Logistics, 2000, (3): 297~311
[4] 胡开顺, 姚小群, 叶邦彦等. 动态联盟供应链的结构模型及其规划设计. 中国制造业信息化, 2003, (1): 73~75
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[6] Goldman, Steven L. Agile competition and virtual corporation-the next American forum. Phi Kappa Phi Journal, 1994, 74(2): 138~143
[7] Gunasekaran A. Agile manufacturing enablers and an implementation framework. Int. J. Prod. Res, 1998, 36(5): 1223~1247
[8] 汪应洛, 孙林岩. 先进制造生产模式与管理的研究. 中国机械工程, 1997, (2): 10~17
[9] 张中生, 高国军. 动态联盟和敏捷供应链. 计算机集成制造统, 1999, 5(2): 1~5
[10] 王惠, 吴冲锋. 企业敏捷性评价指标体系. 工业工程与管理, 1999, 6: 50~54
[11] 徐晓飞. 未来企业的组织形态~动态联盟. 中国机械工程, 1996 , 7(3): 15~20
[12] 殷秀清, 綦振法. 动态联盟中的盟员优化选择问题研究. 华东经济管理, 2002, 16(4): 52~55
[13] 许学斌. 动态联盟风险分析与规避策略研究. 现代管理科学, 2005, (4): 70~72
[14] 钟宇光. 基于多Agent的船舶CAPP系统研究. 武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版), 2005, 29(2): 848~851
[15] 章胜平, 丁烈云. 大型建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟模式研究. 华中科技大学学报(城市科学版), 2005, 22: 112~114
[16] Khanna T, Gulati R, Nohria N. The dynamics of learning alliances: competition, cooperation, and relative scope. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(3):193~210
[17] Park S O, Ungson G R. Interfirm rivalry and managerial comp lexity: A conceptual framework of alliance failure. Organization Science, 2001, 12 (1): 37~53
[18] Porter M E. From competitive advantage to corporate strategy. Harvard Business Review, 1987, 65(3): 43~59
[19] Harrigan K. Managing for joint venture success. New York: Prager. 1985
[20] Dacin M T, Hitt M A, Levitas E. Selecting partners for successful international alliances: Examination of U. S. and Korean firms. Journal of World Business, 1997, 32(1): 3~16
[21] Peng M W, Shenkar O. The meltdown of trust: A process model of strategic alliance dissolution. Paper presented at the academy of management annual meeting: Boston, 1997
[22] 孙津, 刘金兰, 景玲玲等. 项目管理成功标准的新探索. 基建优化, 2000, 21(3): 14~16
[23] 杨桐. 建设项目全寿命管理系统的探讨: [硕士学位论文]. 上海: 同济大学工程管理研究所, 1999
[24] Westerveld E. The Project Excellence Model:linking success eriteria and critical success factors. International Journal of Project Management,2003, (6): 411~418
[25] 何清华, 陈发标. 建设项目全寿命周期集成化管理模式的研究. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2001, 23(4): 75~79
[26] 杨洁. 建设项目全寿命周期信息管理研究: [硕士学位论文]. 南京: 东南大学, 2004
[27] 刘荔娟. 现代项目管理学. 天津: 天津大学出版社, 1996. 9~10
[28] 王德海, 张晓婉, 赵维宁. 现代项目管理的理论与方法. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998. 5
[29] 王德海, 张晓婉, 赵维宁. 现代项目管理的理论与方法. 北京: 中国农业出版社,1998. 9~10
[30] Ding S Z, Yoshito I, Keynote S, Towards the development of a integrated management procedure-lifecycle management system for construction project, World Project Management Week, 2002, (3): 11~16
[31] Prasad B. Real Savings from A Life-cycle Management Approach. Journal of Petroleum Technology. 1997, 49(10): 1105~1111
[32] Gransberg D D. Life Cycle project management. In : AACE International Transactions of the Annual Meeting. 1997: 7165~7158
[33] Hudson W R, Haas R, Uddin W. Infrastructure Management, integrating design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and renovation.London: McGraw-Hill. 1997. 1~9
[34] 林鸣, 沈玲, 马士华等. 基于全寿命周期的项目成功标准的系统思考. 工业工程与管理, 2005, 1: 101~105
[35] 荆琦, 王慧敏, 徐晓飞. 动态联盟项目组织模式及协同管理方法研究. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2004, 36(8): 995~1000
[36] 杨艳芳. 工程项目管理组织结构基本形式概述. 山西建筑, 2004, 30(13): 132~133
[37] 刘文. 房地产企业项目管理模式探讨. 企业导报, 2001, (4): 44
[38] 李学初. 浅析中小型房地产开发公司工程系统组织结构. 国外建材科技, 2005(3): 144~145
[39] 王要武, 杨洪涛. 面向客户关系管理的房地产开发企业组织结构. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2006, 38(1): 94~96
[40] 封国强. 从全寿命角度对建设项目投资控制的思考. 西部探矿工程, 2004 (2): 198~200
[41] 王进, 杨玉庆, 刘武成. 关于建立工程项目全寿命管理模式的探讨. 长沙铁道学院学报(社会科学版), 2002, 3(2): 89~91
[42] 张颖超, 管昌生. 建筑工程项目管理组织模式研究. 国外建材科技, 2005, 26(2): 115~117
[43] 杨维. 浅谈房地产开发项目的全寿命成本控制. 开发与管理, 2005, 9: 36~38
[44] 彭本红, 孙绍荣, 沈运红. 企业动态联盟的风险因素及评价研究. 上海理工大学学报, 2006, 28(1): 39~43
[45] 宋金昭. 动态联盟在建筑企业中的应用研究: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2004
[46] 何清华, 陈发标. 建设项目全寿命周期集成化管理模式的研究. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2001, 23(4): 75~79
[47] 缪匡华. 企业动态联盟的关键要素研究. 管理评论, 2005, (9): 43~48
[48] 李晖照, 张子刚. 动态联盟成员企业文化差异的影响及协调. 江汉论坛, 2004, (9): 78~80
[2] Martine M T, FOUL E P, PARK H et al .Dynamic alliance organisation, evolution and control. Int. Production Economics, 2001, 74: 225~238
[3] Silvor I. Pires, Caplos F. Bremer, Luisa, De Santa Eulalin, Christiane, Christiane P, Goulart. Supply Chain and Dynamic alliance: Comparisons, Migration and a Case Study. International Journal of Logistics, 2000, (3): 297~311
[4] 胡开顺, 姚小群, 叶邦彦等. 动态联盟供应链的结构模型及其规划设计. 中国制造业信息化, 2003, (1): 73~75
[5] Lefebrvre L A, Lefebrvre E. Dynamic alliance and virtual economy manifestations and policy challenges. International journal of technology Management, 2000, 20(1): 58~71
[6] Goldman, Steven L. Agile competition and virtual corporation-the next American forum. Phi Kappa Phi Journal, 1994, 74(2): 138~143
[7] Gunasekaran A. Agile manufacturing enablers and an implementation framework. Int. J. Prod. Res, 1998, 36(5): 1223~1247
[8] 汪应洛, 孙林岩. 先进制造生产模式与管理的研究. 中国机械工程, 1997, (2): 10~17
[9] 张中生, 高国军. 动态联盟和敏捷供应链. 计算机集成制造统, 1999, 5(2): 1~5
[10] 王惠, 吴冲锋. 企业敏捷性评价指标体系. 工业工程与管理, 1999, 6: 50~54
[11] 徐晓飞. 未来企业的组织形态~动态联盟. 中国机械工程, 1996 , 7(3): 15~20
[12] 殷秀清, 綦振法. 动态联盟中的盟员优化选择问题研究. 华东经济管理, 2002, 16(4): 52~55
[13] 许学斌. 动态联盟风险分析与规避策略研究. 现代管理科学, 2005, (4): 70~72
[14] 钟宇光. 基于多Agent的船舶CAPP系统研究. 武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版), 2005, 29(2): 848~851
[15] 章胜平, 丁烈云. 大型建设项目全寿命周期动态联盟模式研究. 华中科技大学学报(城市科学版), 2005, 22: 112~114
[16] Khanna T, Gulati R, Nohria N. The dynamics of learning alliances: competition, cooperation, and relative scope. Strategic Management Journal,1998,19(3):193~210
[17] Park S O, Ungson G R. Interfirm rivalry and managerial comp lexity: A conceptual framework of alliance failure. Organization Science, 2001, 12 (1): 37~53
[18] Porter M E. From competitive advantage to corporate strategy. Harvard Business Review, 1987, 65(3): 43~59
[19] Harrigan K. Managing for joint venture success. New York: Prager. 1985
[20] Dacin M T, Hitt M A, Levitas E. Selecting partners for successful international alliances: Examination of U. S. and Korean firms. Journal of World Business, 1997, 32(1): 3~16
[21] Peng M W, Shenkar O. The meltdown of trust: A process model of strategic alliance dissolution. Paper presented at the academy of management annual meeting: Boston, 1997
[22] 孙津, 刘金兰, 景玲玲等. 项目管理成功标准的新探索. 基建优化, 2000, 21(3): 14~16
[23] 杨桐. 建设项目全寿命管理系统的探讨: [硕士学位论文]. 上海: 同济大学工程管理研究所, 1999
[24] Westerveld E. The Project Excellence Model:linking success eriteria and critical success factors. International Journal of Project Management,2003, (6): 411~418
[25] 何清华, 陈发标. 建设项目全寿命周期集成化管理模式的研究. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2001, 23(4): 75~79
[26] 杨洁. 建设项目全寿命周期信息管理研究: [硕士学位论文]. 南京: 东南大学, 2004
[27] 刘荔娟. 现代项目管理学. 天津: 天津大学出版社, 1996. 9~10
[28] 王德海, 张晓婉, 赵维宁. 现代项目管理的理论与方法. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1998. 5
[29] 王德海, 张晓婉, 赵维宁. 现代项目管理的理论与方法. 北京: 中国农业出版社,1998. 9~10
[30] Ding S Z, Yoshito I, Keynote S, Towards the development of a integrated management procedure-lifecycle management system for construction project, World Project Management Week, 2002, (3): 11~16
[31] Prasad B. Real Savings from A Life-cycle Management Approach. Journal of Petroleum Technology. 1997, 49(10): 1105~1111
[32] Gransberg D D. Life Cycle project management. In : AACE International Transactions of the Annual Meeting. 1997: 7165~7158
[33] Hudson W R, Haas R, Uddin W. Infrastructure Management, integrating design, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and renovation.London: McGraw-Hill. 1997. 1~9
[34] 林鸣, 沈玲, 马士华等. 基于全寿命周期的项目成功标准的系统思考. 工业工程与管理, 2005, 1: 101~105
[35] 荆琦, 王慧敏, 徐晓飞. 动态联盟项目组织模式及协同管理方法研究. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2004, 36(8): 995~1000
[36] 杨艳芳. 工程项目管理组织结构基本形式概述. 山西建筑, 2004, 30(13): 132~133
[37] 刘文. 房地产企业项目管理模式探讨. 企业导报, 2001, (4): 44
[38] 李学初. 浅析中小型房地产开发公司工程系统组织结构. 国外建材科技, 2005(3): 144~145
[39] 王要武, 杨洪涛. 面向客户关系管理的房地产开发企业组织结构. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2006, 38(1): 94~96
[40] 封国强. 从全寿命角度对建设项目投资控制的思考. 西部探矿工程, 2004 (2): 198~200
[41] 王进, 杨玉庆, 刘武成. 关于建立工程项目全寿命管理模式的探讨. 长沙铁道学院学报(社会科学版), 2002, 3(2): 89~91
[42] 张颖超, 管昌生. 建筑工程项目管理组织模式研究. 国外建材科技, 2005, 26(2): 115~117
[43] 杨维. 浅谈房地产开发项目的全寿命成本控制. 开发与管理, 2005, 9: 36~38
[44] 彭本红, 孙绍荣, 沈运红. 企业动态联盟的风险因素及评价研究. 上海理工大学学报, 2006, 28(1): 39~43
[45] 宋金昭. 动态联盟在建筑企业中的应用研究: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2004
[46] 何清华, 陈发标. 建设项目全寿命周期集成化管理模式的研究. 重庆建筑大学学报, 2001, 23(4): 75~79
[47] 缪匡华. 企业动态联盟的关键要素研究. 管理评论, 2005, (9): 43~48
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