供应链弹性运作研究及其网络设计
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摘要
供应链研究的关键是确保供应链系统能正常地运作,所以干扰环境下针对物流组织的抗干扰问题一直是学术界广泛探讨的话题。传统的供应链结构从简单的正向单向,转变为闭环控制；随着电子商务的出现,又出现了双源渠道闭环供应链。对于处在干扰环境下的这种新型供应链系统架构,最重要的就是应具备对于干扰事件的干扰恢复能力(弹性特性),而供应链系统只有采取弹性策略(包括微观弹性运作策略和宏观弹性网络设计两个方面)才能使得系统能有效应对运作过程中出现的干扰事件。如何将质量管理和弹性供应链结合起来,如何从事前防范、事中控制和事后补救的角度研究供应链系统的抗干扰问题,如何将弹性特性和大范围、大规模的供应链网络的抗干扰问题结合起来,都是值得深入探讨的课题。
为此,本文首先建立了改进供应链运作参考模型的双源渠道循环质量链模型,增加了网络渠道供应质量流程使得流程形成了电子商务平台下的闭环运作,并采用弹性预警监听以保障供应链的正常运作。对于静态预警系统,分别从正向和逆向的循环控制,零售渠道和网络渠道的渠道控制两个方面分析了网链结构下循环质量链的成本科目。正向和逆向质量流程之间通过接受概率进行衔接,零售渠道和网络渠道之间通过提前期进行衔接,以质量管理活动总成本、回收效率和网络渠道利用率建立模糊多目标函数,用进化算法进行求解。对于网络渠道提前期扰动下的双源渠道质量链动态预警系统,建立了预警保障机制。针对不同类型的提前期扰动市场环境,定义了针对性的企业预警保障规则,实例验证扰动得到了有效的缓解和控制。
对于双源渠道闭环供应链生产计划调度中的干扰问题,本文从双源渠道供应、正向制造和逆向再制造等五个方面分析了供应链中的不确定性和干扰问题,建立了一种弹性恢复模型,采用基于弹性恢复策略的双模糊PID控制器,针对各种随机离散型和连续型干扰事件的参数进行优化和弹性恢复控制,并从鲁棒性、干扰损失、库存扰动三个指标对系统稳定性和干扰进行量化分析。通过比较不同的仿真案例,验证了本方案比无弹性恢复的方案具有更高的鲁棒性和更低的干扰损失。
由于双源渠道闭环供应链架构中同样存在逆向物流干扰问题,本文研究了闭环控制系统架构退货物流缓解方法。针对不确定的退货物流回收再制造的各个环节的特点,建立了产品再制造过程的类图和状态图,给出了基于Arena仿真工具的一般回收再制造架构和双源渠道回收再制造架构,在此基础上利用三重生产架构实现了系统集成、科技创新和第三方外包的产品增值再制造,达到了对原来两种架构方案的优化。应用表明,该方案优化了整个闭环再制造供应链系统的运作。
基于弹性管理方法与理论的供应链网络设计给传统的供应链网络设计研究带来了挑战。本文分别研究了正向和逆向的竞争型多源采购供应链网络设计中的弹性管理问题,建立了一体化的系统供应架构。然后提出了供应链弹性管理方法,结合供应链网络设计的一般模型,建立了竞争型多源弹性网络。针对各级分销商的失效性,采用多源供应的弹性架构。针对正向弹性网络设计,考虑了节点的可靠性和渠道关系的重要性；对于逆向弹性网络设计,分析了知识产权保护费用和回收率对供应链系统运作的影响。最后考察了不同的期望容忍水平、对于目标函数、弹性架构和竞争型制造商的影响。
The key of research on supply chain is to ensure that the supply chain system canoperate normally, so the anti-disturbance problem of a logistics organization has been thetopic of much discussed. The traditional supply chain structure changes from a simpleforward one into a closed-loop control; With the advent of e-commerce, it rechanges into adual-source closed-loop supply chain. In regard to the new framework of supply chainsystem in a disruption environment, the most important thing is its disruption restorationability (resilience ability) from disruption events; We only have to adopt a resilientstrategies (including the micro resilient operational strategies and macro resilient networkdesign two) so as to respond effectively. How to combine the quality management with anew resilient supply chain, how to engage in the advanced prevention, process control andremedial work of disruption problem, and how to chain the elastic properties with theanti-disturbance problem of a large-scale, large-scale supply chain network are worthy ofin-depth topics.
Then, we firstly establish a dual-channel cycle quality chain early warning model toimprove supply chain operation reference model (SCOR) and add e-channel supplyquality process which contributes to a closed-loop operation of e-business platform,resilient pre-warning monitor safeguard the normal operation of the supply chain. Forstatic early warning system, this paper analyses the cost account of cycle quality chainunder the system structure from positive and negative closed-loop control, as well aschannel control of retail channel and e-channel. The positive quality process and thenegative one are linked together with accepted probability, and retail channel withe-channel by lead time. Then a multi-objective fuzzy function is set up with total cost ofquality management activities, recycling efficiency and e-channel availability, and issolved with the method of evolutionary algorithm. Besides, early warning securitymechanism is set up to deal with the dynamic early warning system of dual-channel cyclequality chain under the disturbance of e-channel lead time. Meanwhile, customized earlywarning security rules are defined to deal with different patterns of lead time disturbancemarket environment. In order to illustrate the modeling framework and the algorithm, wealso provide solutions to a spectrum of numerical cycle quality early warning systemsexamples, which are demonstrated that disturbances are relieved and controlledeffectively.
For disruption problems in production planning dispatching with the closed-loopsupply chain between dual-channel(CLSCDC), we study five aspects of supply chain uncertainty and interference are analyzed, such as dual channel supply, manufacturing andreverse remanufacturing, etc. Then, a resilient restoration model is constructed, by using atwo-fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control based on resilient restorationstrategy, according to various random discrete and continuous interference eventsparameters optimization and resilient recovery, with a quantification analysis to the systemstability and disruption from the robustness, to the disturbance loses, the stock disruptionthree targets. Through the comparison èsimulation result demonstrates that the proposedscheme has higher robustness and lower disturbance loss.
Because the closed-loop supply chain between dual-channel(CLSCDC) also has rev-erse logistics disruption problems, this paper studies mitigation measures for the returnlogistics of the closed-loop control system framework. The class diagram and statediagram of product remanufacturing process are setup up, general recycle remanufacturingframework and dual-channel recycle remanufacturing framework are provided based onArena simulation tool. On this basis, the use of triple touch line enables system integration,technological innovation and third-party outsourcing, value-added productsremanufacturing, reached the optimization of the original two kinds of frameworks. Theapplication showed that it could optimize the entire closed-loop remanufacturing supplychain systems from the operation.
Supply chain network design based on the resilient management theories andmethods make traditional research on supply chain network design rather challenging anddifficult. Resilient management problem in a competitive multi-sourcing supply chainnetwork design based on positive and reversal supply are respectively studied, a systemsupply framework is established. Then we put forward supply chain resilient managementmethods, combining general model of supply chain network design, establishing acompetitive multi-sourcing resilient network. According to the failure of variousdistributors business, we make use of a resilient framework with multiple-source supply.For the positive resilient network design, we take into account the importance of the nodesreliability and channel relationships; reverse resilient network design, intellectual propertyprotection costs and recoveries for the operation of the supply chain system are analyzed.Finally, a simulation application is made with different expectation tolerance levels, so asto inspect their influence to the target function, resilient framework and competitivemanufacturers.
为此,本文首先建立了改进供应链运作参考模型的双源渠道循环质量链模型,增加了网络渠道供应质量流程使得流程形成了电子商务平台下的闭环运作,并采用弹性预警监听以保障供应链的正常运作。对于静态预警系统,分别从正向和逆向的循环控制,零售渠道和网络渠道的渠道控制两个方面分析了网链结构下循环质量链的成本科目。正向和逆向质量流程之间通过接受概率进行衔接,零售渠道和网络渠道之间通过提前期进行衔接,以质量管理活动总成本、回收效率和网络渠道利用率建立模糊多目标函数,用进化算法进行求解。对于网络渠道提前期扰动下的双源渠道质量链动态预警系统,建立了预警保障机制。针对不同类型的提前期扰动市场环境,定义了针对性的企业预警保障规则,实例验证扰动得到了有效的缓解和控制。
对于双源渠道闭环供应链生产计划调度中的干扰问题,本文从双源渠道供应、正向制造和逆向再制造等五个方面分析了供应链中的不确定性和干扰问题,建立了一种弹性恢复模型,采用基于弹性恢复策略的双模糊PID控制器,针对各种随机离散型和连续型干扰事件的参数进行优化和弹性恢复控制,并从鲁棒性、干扰损失、库存扰动三个指标对系统稳定性和干扰进行量化分析。通过比较不同的仿真案例,验证了本方案比无弹性恢复的方案具有更高的鲁棒性和更低的干扰损失。
由于双源渠道闭环供应链架构中同样存在逆向物流干扰问题,本文研究了闭环控制系统架构退货物流缓解方法。针对不确定的退货物流回收再制造的各个环节的特点,建立了产品再制造过程的类图和状态图,给出了基于Arena仿真工具的一般回收再制造架构和双源渠道回收再制造架构,在此基础上利用三重生产架构实现了系统集成、科技创新和第三方外包的产品增值再制造,达到了对原来两种架构方案的优化。应用表明,该方案优化了整个闭环再制造供应链系统的运作。
基于弹性管理方法与理论的供应链网络设计给传统的供应链网络设计研究带来了挑战。本文分别研究了正向和逆向的竞争型多源采购供应链网络设计中的弹性管理问题,建立了一体化的系统供应架构。然后提出了供应链弹性管理方法,结合供应链网络设计的一般模型,建立了竞争型多源弹性网络。针对各级分销商的失效性,采用多源供应的弹性架构。针对正向弹性网络设计,考虑了节点的可靠性和渠道关系的重要性；对于逆向弹性网络设计,分析了知识产权保护费用和回收率对供应链系统运作的影响。最后考察了不同的期望容忍水平、对于目标函数、弹性架构和竞争型制造商的影响。
The key of research on supply chain is to ensure that the supply chain system canoperate normally, so the anti-disturbance problem of a logistics organization has been thetopic of much discussed. The traditional supply chain structure changes from a simpleforward one into a closed-loop control; With the advent of e-commerce, it rechanges into adual-source closed-loop supply chain. In regard to the new framework of supply chainsystem in a disruption environment, the most important thing is its disruption restorationability (resilience ability) from disruption events; We only have to adopt a resilientstrategies (including the micro resilient operational strategies and macro resilient networkdesign two) so as to respond effectively. How to combine the quality management with anew resilient supply chain, how to engage in the advanced prevention, process control andremedial work of disruption problem, and how to chain the elastic properties with theanti-disturbance problem of a large-scale, large-scale supply chain network are worthy ofin-depth topics.
Then, we firstly establish a dual-channel cycle quality chain early warning model toimprove supply chain operation reference model (SCOR) and add e-channel supplyquality process which contributes to a closed-loop operation of e-business platform,resilient pre-warning monitor safeguard the normal operation of the supply chain. Forstatic early warning system, this paper analyses the cost account of cycle quality chainunder the system structure from positive and negative closed-loop control, as well aschannel control of retail channel and e-channel. The positive quality process and thenegative one are linked together with accepted probability, and retail channel withe-channel by lead time. Then a multi-objective fuzzy function is set up with total cost ofquality management activities, recycling efficiency and e-channel availability, and issolved with the method of evolutionary algorithm. Besides, early warning securitymechanism is set up to deal with the dynamic early warning system of dual-channel cyclequality chain under the disturbance of e-channel lead time. Meanwhile, customized earlywarning security rules are defined to deal with different patterns of lead time disturbancemarket environment. In order to illustrate the modeling framework and the algorithm, wealso provide solutions to a spectrum of numerical cycle quality early warning systemsexamples, which are demonstrated that disturbances are relieved and controlledeffectively.
For disruption problems in production planning dispatching with the closed-loopsupply chain between dual-channel(CLSCDC), we study five aspects of supply chain uncertainty and interference are analyzed, such as dual channel supply, manufacturing andreverse remanufacturing, etc. Then, a resilient restoration model is constructed, by using atwo-fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control based on resilient restorationstrategy, according to various random discrete and continuous interference eventsparameters optimization and resilient recovery, with a quantification analysis to the systemstability and disruption from the robustness, to the disturbance loses, the stock disruptionthree targets. Through the comparison èsimulation result demonstrates that the proposedscheme has higher robustness and lower disturbance loss.
Because the closed-loop supply chain between dual-channel(CLSCDC) also has rev-erse logistics disruption problems, this paper studies mitigation measures for the returnlogistics of the closed-loop control system framework. The class diagram and statediagram of product remanufacturing process are setup up, general recycle remanufacturingframework and dual-channel recycle remanufacturing framework are provided based onArena simulation tool. On this basis, the use of triple touch line enables system integration,technological innovation and third-party outsourcing, value-added productsremanufacturing, reached the optimization of the original two kinds of frameworks. Theapplication showed that it could optimize the entire closed-loop remanufacturing supplychain systems from the operation.
Supply chain network design based on the resilient management theories andmethods make traditional research on supply chain network design rather challenging anddifficult. Resilient management problem in a competitive multi-sourcing supply chainnetwork design based on positive and reversal supply are respectively studied, a systemsupply framework is established. Then we put forward supply chain resilient managementmethods, combining general model of supply chain network design, establishing acompetitive multi-sourcing resilient network. According to the failure of variousdistributors business, we make use of a resilient framework with multiple-source supply.For the positive resilient network design, we take into account the importance of the nodesreliability and channel relationships; reverse resilient network design, intellectual propertyprotection costs and recoveries for the operation of the supply chain system are analyzed.Finally, a simulation application is made with different expectation tolerance levels, so asto inspect their influence to the target function, resilient framework and competitivemanufacturers.
引文
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