装备制造企业利用供应商网络提升企业技术能力的机理研究
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摘要
随着科学技术的飞速发展和新产品开发速度的加快,企业要在激烈的竞争中取得优势,就必须不断提高企业的技术能力。对于装备制造企业来说,由于其产品技术构成复杂、研发周期长,很少有企业能够在每个关键技术领域保持自主能力,企业需要即时地识别与把握技术融合的机会,把外部获取的知识集成到企业已有的知识系统中。尤其是随着供应商网络思想的不断发展和深化,装备制造企业越来越重视供应商网络这个外部知识源,如何有效利用供应商网络提升企业技术能力,已成为我国装备制造企业面临的一个重大现实问题。
本文首先通过大量国内外相关文献研究,结合企业访谈,了解我国装备制造企业利用供应商网络提升技术能力的情况,探索研究装备制造企业利用供应商网络提升技术能力的影响因素。在探索性研究中,基于资源基础理论、动态能力理论、网络嵌入性理论对装备制造企业利用供应商网络的影响因素进行了理论分析,进行了问卷设计和数据回收,并运用探索性因素分析提取了装备制造企业利用供应商网络提升技术能力的影响因素,包括：供应商集成、联系紧密度、网络中心性和网络异质性。其次,从分析供应商网络、挖掘性学习、探索性学习、企业技术能力四个因素的理论关系出发,结合成功的案例分析,探索了供应商网络与装备制造企业技术能力之间的关系机理。最后,在探索性研究的基础上,本研究构建了装备制造企业利用供应商网络提升技术能力的概念模型,且提出相应的研究假设。通过问卷调查、数据处理、模型检验等环节,得出研究结论。研究结果表明：供应商网络对装备制造企业技术能力具有积极的影响,其影响机理体现在挖掘性学习、探索性学习两个中介变量的作用上。同时,系统式知识整合机制对挖掘性学习与装备制造企业技术能力具有积极的调节效应；交互式知识整合机制对探索性学习与装备制造企业技术能力具有积极的调节效应。
因此,为了利用供应商网络提升企业技术能力,装备制造企业应该构建有效的供应商网络,加强与供应商的关系嵌入,实施供应商集成；与供应商建立长期合作伙伴关系,增强与供应商联系紧密度；确保装备制造企业的核心位置,保持网络的中心性；做好供应商的评价与选择,建立资源依赖、知识互补的网络异质性。
With the rapid progress of science and technology and the accelerated new product development.So enterprises must enhance the technological capability and created their own competition advantages in order to win victory in the keen market competition. Because its complicated in technique and long development cycles, it is necessary for equipment manufacture enterprises to keep autonomous ability in key technologies and fields. Therefore, equipment manufacture enterprises must identify and choose right opportunity to mix together technologies,this is the best way to acquire and integrate the information and knowledge from outsides to its knowledge system. Especially as supplier networks developed continuously, equipment manufacture enterprises attach more and more attention to the external source of knowledge. How to make the best use of supplier networks to improve equipment manufactures'technological capability is a practical problem.
Firstly, a large number of relevant research literatures were summarized. On the basis of theoretical analysis and investigation to have an grasp of the overall situation of making the best use of supplier networks to improve equipment manufactures'technological capability in China.It also studies the main influencing factors, in the exploratory study, based on resource-based theory, dynamic capabilities and embedding theory of network, the main influencing factors was analysed, and the key factors were summed up. Empirical research on key factors of making the best use of supplier networks to improve equipment manufactures' technological capability was carried out by means of the exploratory factor analysis, and then the four main components was extracted, they were supplier integration(SI), supplier closeness(SC), network centrality(NC) and network heterogeneity(NH). Secondly, The theoretical relationship of supplier networks, exploitative learning, exploratory learning, technological capability was analysed. Combined with the successful case, the correlation mechanism between supplier networks and the equipment manufacturers'technological capability was explored. Thirdly, based on the exploratory study, the concept model and the research hypothesis of the relationship between supplier networks and the equipment manufacturers'technological capability were constructed. Through questionnaire survey, data processing, model checking, and ultimately arrived at the conclusion of the study. The results show that:supplier networks for the equipment manufacturers'technological capability has a positive impact, the impact of the mechanism embodied in the exploitative learning and exploratory learning. At the same time, the systematic knowledge integration mechanism has a positive effect of regulation for exploitative learning, technological capability, the coordination knowledge integration mechanism has a positive effect of regulation for exploratory learning, technological capability.
Therefore, in order to improve Equipment Manufactures'technology capability through Supplier network. The manufactures should build efficient supplier network. Manufacturers always trengthen relational embeddedness with suppliers and implement supplier integration; simultaneity establish different partnership for different material suppliers, keep in constant touch with the supplier; unobstructed the heart of network,the state or quality of being central; be conscientious and make a good job of evaluation and selection; establishment network heterogeneity of resources interdependence and knowledge complementary.
本文首先通过大量国内外相关文献研究,结合企业访谈,了解我国装备制造企业利用供应商网络提升技术能力的情况,探索研究装备制造企业利用供应商网络提升技术能力的影响因素。在探索性研究中,基于资源基础理论、动态能力理论、网络嵌入性理论对装备制造企业利用供应商网络的影响因素进行了理论分析,进行了问卷设计和数据回收,并运用探索性因素分析提取了装备制造企业利用供应商网络提升技术能力的影响因素,包括：供应商集成、联系紧密度、网络中心性和网络异质性。其次,从分析供应商网络、挖掘性学习、探索性学习、企业技术能力四个因素的理论关系出发,结合成功的案例分析,探索了供应商网络与装备制造企业技术能力之间的关系机理。最后,在探索性研究的基础上,本研究构建了装备制造企业利用供应商网络提升技术能力的概念模型,且提出相应的研究假设。通过问卷调查、数据处理、模型检验等环节,得出研究结论。研究结果表明：供应商网络对装备制造企业技术能力具有积极的影响,其影响机理体现在挖掘性学习、探索性学习两个中介变量的作用上。同时,系统式知识整合机制对挖掘性学习与装备制造企业技术能力具有积极的调节效应；交互式知识整合机制对探索性学习与装备制造企业技术能力具有积极的调节效应。
因此,为了利用供应商网络提升企业技术能力,装备制造企业应该构建有效的供应商网络,加强与供应商的关系嵌入,实施供应商集成；与供应商建立长期合作伙伴关系,增强与供应商联系紧密度；确保装备制造企业的核心位置,保持网络的中心性；做好供应商的评价与选择,建立资源依赖、知识互补的网络异质性。
With the rapid progress of science and technology and the accelerated new product development.So enterprises must enhance the technological capability and created their own competition advantages in order to win victory in the keen market competition. Because its complicated in technique and long development cycles, it is necessary for equipment manufacture enterprises to keep autonomous ability in key technologies and fields. Therefore, equipment manufacture enterprises must identify and choose right opportunity to mix together technologies,this is the best way to acquire and integrate the information and knowledge from outsides to its knowledge system. Especially as supplier networks developed continuously, equipment manufacture enterprises attach more and more attention to the external source of knowledge. How to make the best use of supplier networks to improve equipment manufactures'technological capability is a practical problem.
Firstly, a large number of relevant research literatures were summarized. On the basis of theoretical analysis and investigation to have an grasp of the overall situation of making the best use of supplier networks to improve equipment manufactures'technological capability in China.It also studies the main influencing factors, in the exploratory study, based on resource-based theory, dynamic capabilities and embedding theory of network, the main influencing factors was analysed, and the key factors were summed up. Empirical research on key factors of making the best use of supplier networks to improve equipment manufactures' technological capability was carried out by means of the exploratory factor analysis, and then the four main components was extracted, they were supplier integration(SI), supplier closeness(SC), network centrality(NC) and network heterogeneity(NH). Secondly, The theoretical relationship of supplier networks, exploitative learning, exploratory learning, technological capability was analysed. Combined with the successful case, the correlation mechanism between supplier networks and the equipment manufacturers'technological capability was explored. Thirdly, based on the exploratory study, the concept model and the research hypothesis of the relationship between supplier networks and the equipment manufacturers'technological capability were constructed. Through questionnaire survey, data processing, model checking, and ultimately arrived at the conclusion of the study. The results show that:supplier networks for the equipment manufacturers'technological capability has a positive impact, the impact of the mechanism embodied in the exploitative learning and exploratory learning. At the same time, the systematic knowledge integration mechanism has a positive effect of regulation for exploitative learning, technological capability, the coordination knowledge integration mechanism has a positive effect of regulation for exploratory learning, technological capability.
Therefore, in order to improve Equipment Manufactures'technology capability through Supplier network. The manufactures should build efficient supplier network. Manufacturers always trengthen relational embeddedness with suppliers and implement supplier integration; simultaneity establish different partnership for different material suppliers, keep in constant touch with the supplier; unobstructed the heart of network,the state or quality of being central; be conscientious and make a good job of evaluation and selection; establishment network heterogeneity of resources interdependence and knowledge complementary.
引文
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