基于润滑油添加剂的纳米锑粉的摩擦学性能研究
摘要
纳米材料具有许多特殊的性能，有着广泛地应用前景，是当前材料科学研究的前沿。纳米材料在摩擦领域中的研究也越来越受到重视，纳米材料作为润滑油添加剂在新型润滑材料中的应用是纳米科学的一个重要研究领域之一。本研究将电化学法制备的纳米锑颗粒按不同的百分含量加入到液压油中，利用CFT-1型材料性能测试仪分别在不同摩擦载荷和摩擦速率下考察了纳米锑粉作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能。采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对摩擦表面进行了分析，初步探讨了其润滑机理。得到的主要结论如下：
1.采用CFT-1型材料性能测试仪在不同载荷进行了往复式摩擦磨损试验，对比研究了不同条件下的纳米锑粉作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能。结果表明：在不同载荷下要得到抗磨减摩性能最优的润滑油需要加入不同百分含量的纳米锑粉，摩擦载荷为30N、60N、90N、120N时的最佳锑粉添加量分别为0.5%、0.3%、0.9%、0.5%。当载荷为120N时在液压油中加入0.5%质量分数的纳米锑粉所得到的润滑油的抗磨减摩性能最好，所以重载荷下纳米锑粉能显著提高液压油的抗磨减摩性能。
2.在不同摩擦速率下对不同锑含量的润滑油的摩擦学性能进行了评价。结果表明：在纯液压油和含0.1%、0.5%锑含量液压油润滑条件下，摩擦表面的摩擦系数随着摩擦速率的增大都有一个先减小后增大的趋势。当摩擦速率为0.0625m/s时，摩擦系数最小，润滑油的润滑效果最好。在0.9%锑含量的液压油润滑条件下，摩擦速率的变化对摩擦系数的影响不大，摩擦表面的摩擦系数基本相同。
3.通过SEM对试样摩擦表面进行了形貌分析，利用EDX进行了磨痕表面元素分析，并对纳米锑粉的润滑摩擦机理进行了探讨。纳米锑粉的纳米效应和类石墨的层状晶体结构，使得润滑油中高活性的纳米锑粒子在高温高压的环境下很容易与摩擦表面的金属相互作用，渗透或吸附在金属表面形成一层低剪切强度的自修复膜，有效地减小了摩擦副的直接接触，产生了良好的减摩抗磨效果。
Nano-material is one of the frontier fields of material science research and willhave wide application in future because of possessing many special properties.Nano-material will be more and more important in tribology field. That thenano-materials as additives apply to new types of lubricating material is one of theimportant research areas of the nano science. The antimony nanoparticles prepared byelectrochemical method were added to the hydraulic oil according to differentpercentage content. The tribological behavior of antimony powder as additive inhydraulic oil were evaluated by CFT-1material performance tester under different loadand friction velocity. The worn surfaces of the samples were analyzed by scanningelectron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, the lubrication mechanism ofSb nanopowder was also discussed.The main conclusions were as followed.
1. The reciprocating friction and wear tests were taken by CFT-1materialperformance tester under different load, the tribological behavior of antimony powderas additive in hydraulic oil were studied under different conditions.The results showedthat it was needed to add different percentage content of nanometer antimony powdersto lubricating oil to achieve the best friction performance under different load. Whenfriction load was30N、60N、90N、120N, the corresponding optimum content was0.5%、0.3%、0.9%、0.5%. When friction load was120N, the reducing-friction andanti-wear properties of lubricating oil which contained0.5%content of nanometerantimony powders was best.
2. The tribological behavior of lubrication oil which contained different contentsof antimony powders were evaluated under different friction velocity. It was resultedthat the friction coefficient increase after the first decrease with rise of the frictionvelocity on the lubrication conditions of pure hydraulic oil and hydraulic oil containing0.1%、0.5%of Nano-Sb Particles. When the friction velocity was0.0625m/s, thefriction coefficient of lubricating oil was least and the lubricating effect of lubricatingoil was best. When the hydraulic oil contained0.9%content of nanometer antimonypowders, the change of friction velocity had little effect on friction coefficient, thefriction coefficients of the worn surfaces were basically the same.
3. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of the samples were observed on SEM,and the elemental distributions on the worn surfaces were determined by means of EDX. The lubrication mechanism of Sb nanopowder was also discussed. Because ofnanometer size effect and graphite-like crystal structure of Nano-Sb Particles, thehighly reactive Nano-Sb Particles interacted with the friction surface easily in theenvironment of high temperature and pressure. The highly reactive Nano-Sb Particlespenetrated or adsorbed on the friction surface to form a self-repairing film of low shearstrength. The self-repairing film which avoided the direct contact of two metalsexhibited wonderful resistance to wear and friction.
1.采用CFT-1型材料性能测试仪在不同载荷进行了往复式摩擦磨损试验，对比研究了不同条件下的纳米锑粉作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能。结果表明：在不同载荷下要得到抗磨减摩性能最优的润滑油需要加入不同百分含量的纳米锑粉，摩擦载荷为30N、60N、90N、120N时的最佳锑粉添加量分别为0.5%、0.3%、0.9%、0.5%。当载荷为120N时在液压油中加入0.5%质量分数的纳米锑粉所得到的润滑油的抗磨减摩性能最好，所以重载荷下纳米锑粉能显著提高液压油的抗磨减摩性能。
2.在不同摩擦速率下对不同锑含量的润滑油的摩擦学性能进行了评价。结果表明：在纯液压油和含0.1%、0.5%锑含量液压油润滑条件下，摩擦表面的摩擦系数随着摩擦速率的增大都有一个先减小后增大的趋势。当摩擦速率为0.0625m/s时，摩擦系数最小，润滑油的润滑效果最好。在0.9%锑含量的液压油润滑条件下，摩擦速率的变化对摩擦系数的影响不大，摩擦表面的摩擦系数基本相同。
3.通过SEM对试样摩擦表面进行了形貌分析，利用EDX进行了磨痕表面元素分析，并对纳米锑粉的润滑摩擦机理进行了探讨。纳米锑粉的纳米效应和类石墨的层状晶体结构，使得润滑油中高活性的纳米锑粒子在高温高压的环境下很容易与摩擦表面的金属相互作用，渗透或吸附在金属表面形成一层低剪切强度的自修复膜，有效地减小了摩擦副的直接接触，产生了良好的减摩抗磨效果。
Nano-material is one of the frontier fields of material science research and willhave wide application in future because of possessing many special properties.Nano-material will be more and more important in tribology field. That thenano-materials as additives apply to new types of lubricating material is one of theimportant research areas of the nano science. The antimony nanoparticles prepared byelectrochemical method were added to the hydraulic oil according to differentpercentage content. The tribological behavior of antimony powder as additive inhydraulic oil were evaluated by CFT-1material performance tester under different loadand friction velocity. The worn surfaces of the samples were analyzed by scanningelectron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, the lubrication mechanism ofSb nanopowder was also discussed.The main conclusions were as followed.
1. The reciprocating friction and wear tests were taken by CFT-1materialperformance tester under different load, the tribological behavior of antimony powderas additive in hydraulic oil were studied under different conditions.The results showedthat it was needed to add different percentage content of nanometer antimony powdersto lubricating oil to achieve the best friction performance under different load. Whenfriction load was30N、60N、90N、120N, the corresponding optimum content was0.5%、0.3%、0.9%、0.5%. When friction load was120N, the reducing-friction andanti-wear properties of lubricating oil which contained0.5%content of nanometerantimony powders was best.
2. The tribological behavior of lubrication oil which contained different contentsof antimony powders were evaluated under different friction velocity. It was resultedthat the friction coefficient increase after the first decrease with rise of the frictionvelocity on the lubrication conditions of pure hydraulic oil and hydraulic oil containing0.1%、0.5%of Nano-Sb Particles. When the friction velocity was0.0625m/s, thefriction coefficient of lubricating oil was least and the lubricating effect of lubricatingoil was best. When the hydraulic oil contained0.9%content of nanometer antimonypowders, the change of friction velocity had little effect on friction coefficient, thefriction coefficients of the worn surfaces were basically the same.
3. The morphologies of the worn surfaces of the samples were observed on SEM,and the elemental distributions on the worn surfaces were determined by means of EDX. The lubrication mechanism of Sb nanopowder was also discussed. Because ofnanometer size effect and graphite-like crystal structure of Nano-Sb Particles, thehighly reactive Nano-Sb Particles interacted with the friction surface easily in theenvironment of high temperature and pressure. The highly reactive Nano-Sb Particlespenetrated or adsorbed on the friction surface to form a self-repairing film of low shearstrength. The self-repairing film which avoided the direct contact of two metalsexhibited wonderful resistance to wear and friction.
引文
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