番茄早疫病病原菌鉴定及抗病种质资源筛选
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摘要
番茄早疫病是由茄链格孢菌[A.solani(Ell&Mart).sorauer]所致的一种常发病害，也是一种世界性病害。随着番茄早疫病在我国保护地番茄生产中的出现及其日益严重，必须找到一个行之有效的方法来解决这个问题，抗病育种是解决番茄早疫病的经济而又有效途径。本项研究从病原菌鉴定入手，首先对番茄早疫病病原菌的生物学特性进行研究；然后筛选出一套简便易行的番茄早疫病苗期抗性鉴定方法；以此为基础，对东北农业大学园艺学院番茄育种研究室的61份番茄材料进行苗期早疫病抗性鉴定，为番茄抗早疫病育种奠定坚实基础。实验得出以下结论：
（1）哈市四个地区的病样经分离得到的4个分离菌均属于番茄早疫病原菌，且这四个分离菌的培养性状及致病力均有一定的差异。
（2）适于番茄早疫病菌生长的培养基为PDA培养基和V8汁液琼脂培养基；适于番茄早疫病菌产孢的培养基为V8汁液琼脂培养基；一定时间的紫外线照射可对番茄早疫病菌的生长及产孢有促进和诱导作用，紫外线照射40分钟该菌生长最快，紫外线照射4-6分钟该菌产孢量最多；适于番茄早疫病菌生长及产孢的PH值都为7。
（3）番茄早疫病苗期抗性鉴定方法筛选出的最佳组合为：接种方法为喷雾法，接种后保湿时间为36h,接种苗龄为4片真叶期。最适接种浓度为1×104个孢子/ml。
（4）抗源筛选结果为：1份抗病材料、22份中抗材料、18份感病材料和20份高感材料，其中抗病材料可作为抗病的亲本。
Early blight on tomato that is caused by A.solani is not only a disease that often happens abut also a world disease. With the appearance and continual graveness of early blight in the production of Chinese tomato protection region ,we must find an effective and method to solve this problem, disease-resistant breeding is an economical and effective way to solve early blight of tomato. The study began with the identification of A.solani on tomato First, biological characteristics of A.solani on tomato was studied; then the study found a convenient and feasible identification method of tomato resistance to early blight at seedling stage; on which to base the above, 61 tomato variances, which were from the tomato breeding laboratory of horticultural institute in northeast agricultural university, were appraised in resistance to early blight at seedling stage. The results were as follows:
First, four isolated bacteria from four regions in Haerbin all belonged to A.solani on tomato, moreover, the cultural characteristics and pathogenetic ability of the four isolated bacteria all had certain difference.
Second, the cultural media that were suitable for the growth of A.solani on tomato were PDA medium and V8 juice ager medium; V8 juice ager medium was the most suitable for the sporulation of A.solani on tomato; Certain shinning time under ultraviolet ray could promote and induce the growth and sporulation of A.solani on tomato, the bacterium grew the fastest in 40-minute shinning time under ultraviolet ray and the spore yield of the bacterium was the most in 4to6- minute shinning time under ultraviolet ray; PH7 was the most suitable for the growth and sporulation of A.solani on tomato.
Third, the best combination of screening of identification mehods at seedling age was as follows: spraying innoculation method, preserving moisture time of 36 hr after innoculation and 4-leaf innoculation seedling age. The optimal innoculation concentration was 1×104 spores/ml.
Finally, the results of screening disease-resistant tomato materials was that there were 1 resistant material, 22 medial-resistant materials, 18 susceptible materials and 20 high-materials, and resistant materials may be used as parent in disease-resistant breeding in future.
Master Candidate: Wang Yanjie
Speciality: vegetable breeding
Supervisor: Li Jingfu
（1）哈市四个地区的病样经分离得到的4个分离菌均属于番茄早疫病原菌，且这四个分离菌的培养性状及致病力均有一定的差异。
（2）适于番茄早疫病菌生长的培养基为PDA培养基和V8汁液琼脂培养基；适于番茄早疫病菌产孢的培养基为V8汁液琼脂培养基；一定时间的紫外线照射可对番茄早疫病菌的生长及产孢有促进和诱导作用，紫外线照射40分钟该菌生长最快，紫外线照射4-6分钟该菌产孢量最多；适于番茄早疫病菌生长及产孢的PH值都为7。
（3）番茄早疫病苗期抗性鉴定方法筛选出的最佳组合为：接种方法为喷雾法，接种后保湿时间为36h,接种苗龄为4片真叶期。最适接种浓度为1×104个孢子/ml。
（4）抗源筛选结果为：1份抗病材料、22份中抗材料、18份感病材料和20份高感材料，其中抗病材料可作为抗病的亲本。
Early blight on tomato that is caused by A.solani is not only a disease that often happens abut also a world disease. With the appearance and continual graveness of early blight in the production of Chinese tomato protection region ,we must find an effective and method to solve this problem, disease-resistant breeding is an economical and effective way to solve early blight of tomato. The study began with the identification of A.solani on tomato First, biological characteristics of A.solani on tomato was studied; then the study found a convenient and feasible identification method of tomato resistance to early blight at seedling stage; on which to base the above, 61 tomato variances, which were from the tomato breeding laboratory of horticultural institute in northeast agricultural university, were appraised in resistance to early blight at seedling stage. The results were as follows:
First, four isolated bacteria from four regions in Haerbin all belonged to A.solani on tomato, moreover, the cultural characteristics and pathogenetic ability of the four isolated bacteria all had certain difference.
Second, the cultural media that were suitable for the growth of A.solani on tomato were PDA medium and V8 juice ager medium; V8 juice ager medium was the most suitable for the sporulation of A.solani on tomato; Certain shinning time under ultraviolet ray could promote and induce the growth and sporulation of A.solani on tomato, the bacterium grew the fastest in 40-minute shinning time under ultraviolet ray and the spore yield of the bacterium was the most in 4to6- minute shinning time under ultraviolet ray; PH7 was the most suitable for the growth and sporulation of A.solani on tomato.
Third, the best combination of screening of identification mehods at seedling age was as follows: spraying innoculation method, preserving moisture time of 36 hr after innoculation and 4-leaf innoculation seedling age. The optimal innoculation concentration was 1×104 spores/ml.
Finally, the results of screening disease-resistant tomato materials was that there were 1 resistant material, 22 medial-resistant materials, 18 susceptible materials and 20 high-materials, and resistant materials may be used as parent in disease-resistant breeding in future.
Master Candidate: Wang Yanjie
Speciality: vegetable breeding
Supervisor: Li Jingfu
引文
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