吉林省现代畜牧业建设的研究
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摘要
畜牧业是现代农业的重要组成部分。现代畜牧业是产业拉动能力强,吸纳劳动力容量大,转化增值层次高的大产业。农业的发达程度与畜牧业的发达程度是成正比的,畜牧业发展水平占农业比重是衡量一个国家和地区现代化水平总体发展状况的重要标志,完全实现农业现代化必须要实现畜牧业现代化。吉林省是粮食大省,也是畜牧业大省,振兴吉林老工业基地战略和“粮变肉”工程的实施,使吉林省畜牧业取得快速发展,己成为吉林省农村经济的支柱产业、资源转化的优势产业和农民增收的主导产业。但目前吉林省还处在由传统畜牧业向现代畜牧业转变过程中,传统的畜牧业生产逐渐暴露出畜牧业增长方式落后,科技含量不高,产业化程度低,产业链条短,畜禽产品附加值低,抗御风险能力差,公共服务体系还不健全,这些都严重地制约着吉林省畜牧业的进一步发展。因此必须改变传统的生产方式,提高生产中技术含量,实施生产力到生产方式的变革,也就是推进吉林省现代畜牧业的建设。
本论文以现代畜牧业集约经营理论与现代畜牧业产业组织理论为基础,借鉴已有研究的成果,运用比较分析法、因子分析法、灰色关联度分析法,在分析吉林省畜牧业发展历程、现状评价前提下,提出吉林省畜牧业发展目标及发展战略,分析影响吉林省现代畜牧业的因素,提出可行的发展路径,进而对吉林省现代畜牧业建设进行了全面实证研究。主要得出以下结论：
(1)总体上来看,吉林省在全国31个省、自治区、直辖市畜产品主要指标排序中位于中上游,但吉林省畜牧业产值逐年增长,在农林牧渔业产值中所占比重也基本上是逐年递增,可见畜牧业在吉林省经济发展中的地位在逐渐加重。目前吉林省畜牧业已经有了一定的发展基础,达到了一定的发展水平,但是总体上看,吉林省畜牧业的发展水平应该是处于由传统畜牧业阶段向现代畜牧业建设转变的时期,距离基本实现畜牧业现代化仍有一定的差距。
(2)在对吉林省现代畜牧业建设进行SWOT分析的基础上,本文认为吉林省现代畜牧业建设的基础和优势包括较高的劳动生产率、较好的资源禀赋和较高的发展平台；制约因素主要有畜产品商品化率较低、劳动生产效率较高,但集约经营不够、科技投入不足,资金支持力度不够、畜产品质量安全保障体系不健全、产业化程度低、畜牧业生产者自身的文化素质较低、互联网普及率不高,信息传输渠道不畅导致信息反馈严重滞后、畜群结构不平衡,产业结构不合理、生态环境破坏严重等。
(3)现代畜牧业建设是一个系统工程,适用经济学中的“短板法则”,必须基于现代畜牧业的内涵全面考虑现代畜牧业建设的主要影响因素。本文认为现代畜牧业建设的主要影响因素包括：政府政策法规的保障体系、市场需求的拉动机制、社会化的公共服务平台、畜牧业从业者的文化素质和畜牧企业的科技创新能力。
(4)畜牧生产结构应以市场为导向,科学为先导,以效益为优先,因地制宜发挥比较优势的原则进行合理化调整。实施种植业三元结构转化,促进畜牧业生产结构由食粮型向食草型转化,加快名优特绿色畜禽产品生产,采取综合措施,提高饲料转化效率,大力发展畜产品加工业。畜牧业布局优化应实行专业化生产,农牧结合,着重发展舍饲畜牧业；畜种结构上,在大力发展猪、鸡外,要充分利用资源条件发展牛、羊、兔、鹅等草食畜禽,改变片面追求牲畜数量的做法；提高畜群质量,加速畜群周转,提高畜产品的产品率与商品率。
(5)畜牧专业合作社是解决制约畜牧业发展问题的一个重要途径,是实施畜牧现代化、标准化生产的基础。现代畜牧业要求合作经济组织运用经济手段,把畜牧业生产经营活动组织起来,提供兽药、饲料等投入品供应、技术服务以及畜产品销售服务,解决一家一户规模小、资金少、技术薄弱等问题,减少了各种成本,有利于进一步挖掘畜牧业增收潜力,提高畜产品市场竞争力。吉林省畜牧业一体化主要有龙头企业带动型、中介组织带动型、市场带动型、集团型一体化等经营等模式。龙头型企业带动型是吉林省畜牧业产业化的重要模式之一
(6)公共防疫体系建设要保护与发展并重。既要加强基础设施建设,又要加强队伍和机构的建设,同时强化重大动物疫病防控的应急管理体制与机制,日常要加强检疫监督工作。
论文基于现代畜牧业的内涵首次应用因子分析法系统地分析了吉林省畜牧业发展现状,运用灰色系统模型分析了吉林省现代畜牧业建设的主要影响因素,提出吉林省现代畜牧业发展目标及发展战略,提出可行的发展路径,将有助于吉林省制定合理的现代畜牧业经济政策,为吉林省现代畜牧业发展提供一条具有应用价值的发展模式。
Animal husbandry is an important part of modern agriculture. Modern animal husbandry is a large industry that has strong industrial pulling ability, absorb labor capacity, and a high-level of value-added transformation. Agricultural development level is directly proportional to animal husbandry developed degree, the proportion of stockbreeding development level in agriculture is important symbol to measure a country and regional modernization level, to realize agricultural modernization completely must realize modernization of animal husbandry. Jilin province is a big grain province, is also a big stockbreeding one; the strategy for Jilin old industrial base revitalization and implementation of the project of "food become flesh" makes the animal husbandry of Jilin province to achieve rapid development, and become a pillar industry of rural economy, a competitive industry for transformation of resources, and leading industry to increase the income of farmers in Jilin province. But now Jilin province was still in the process of transformation from traditional to the modern animal husbandry, the traditional livestock production gradually expose sets of defects, such as the way of growth is backward, technology content is not high, the level of industrialization is low, industry chain is short, the added value of livestock and poultry products are low, poor ability to resist risks, the public service system is imperfect, and all these are severely restricts the further development of animal husbandry in Jilin province. Therefore we must change the traditional mode of production, improving production technology content, to implement the reformation from productivity to production mode, which is to promote the construction of the modern animal husbandry in Jilin province.
This thesis based on theories of modern animal husbandry intensive management and modern animal husbandry industrial organization, the existing research results as reference, use comparison analysis, factor analysis and gray correlation analysis method, in the premise of the development history analysis and current situation evaluation of animal husbandry of Jilin province, put forward to the development objectives and strategy of animal husbandry in Jilin province, analyze the influential factors of Jilin province modern animal husbandry, propose the feasible development path, and then conducted a comprehensive empirical study construction of modern animal husbandry in Jilin Province. To reach the following conclusion:
(1) In general, among the country's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the main indicators of livestock in Jilin Province located in the upper reaches of the sort, but year by year the value of animal husbandry output in Jilin Province increase, the value of output in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery are also increasing year by year. Currently animal husbandry in Jilin Province has a certain basis for the development and reaches a certain level of development, but overall the level of development of animal husbandry in Jilin Province should be at the stage from the traditional to the modern livestock husbandry construction period, there is still a gap of basically modern animal husbandry.
(2) based on the SWOT analysis of the construction of modern animal husbandry in Jilin Province, this paper maintained that the basis and advantages for the construction of modern animal husbandry in Jilin Province including higher productivity, better resource endowments and high development platform; The main constraints include lower the commercialization of livestock products, labor productivity is higher but not intensive enough, inadequate investment in science and technology, financial support is not enough, animal product quality security system is not perfect, the level of industrialization is low, the quality of livestock producers is low, Internet penetration is not high, channel of information transmission is not smooth, and cause information feedback serious lag, livestock structure imbalance, irrational industrial structure, and serious ecological damage.
(3) The construction of modern animal husbandry is a system engineering, applied "short-board rule" of economics, must be based on connotation of modern animal husbandry to consider fully the main factors of livestock building. This paper argues that the main factors of construction of modern animal husbandry include:the security system of policies and regulations of government, market demand mechanism, the social-oriented public service platform, and the cultural quality of the practitioners of animal husbandry livestock enterprises, scientific and technological innovation.
(4) Livestock production should be market-oriented, science as the guide and benefits as a priority, according to local conditions to use the principle of comparative advantage rationalization. To implement transformation of ternary structure of farming, to promote the type of animal husbandry production structure conversion of grazing food to grazing-type, speed up the famous special green livestock and poultry production, and adopt comprehensive measures to improve feed conversion efficiency, vigorously develop the livestock processing industry. Animal layout Optimization should implement professional livestock production, Combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, Focus on the development of livestock feeding; livestock structure, development of resource conditions to make full use of cattle, sheep, rabbits, geese and other grazing livestock, adjusting uneven grass livestock conflicts, to implement a grass (material) will livestock, livestock numbers to change the practice of one-sided pursuit; improve herd quality, and speed up the herd turnover, and improving rates of livestock products and commodities rates.
(5) Livestock cooperatives to address the constraints of animal husbandry development are an important way; a basis to implement livestock modernization and standardization of production. Cooperative economic organization of modern animal husbandry requires the use of economic means to organize production and business activities of animal husbandry, providing veterinary medicine, feed and other inputs supply, technical services and livestock marketing services, to resolve an a small scale, less capital and technology is weak and other issues, reducing the various costs, benefit to further tap the potential of livestock income, improve the market competitiveness of livestock products. Integration of animal husbandry in Jilin Province are mainly driven by leading enterprises, intermediary organizations-led, market-led, group-type integration of business and other models. Is the leading enterprise-led industrialization of animal husbandry in Jilin Province is one important model.
(6) Public and prevention system both focus on protect and development. It is necessary to strengthen infrastructure construction, but also strengthen the team and institution-building, and strengthen prevention and control of major animal disease emergency management system and mechanism, to strengthen daily quarantine supervision.
Based on the connotation of modern animal husbandry, this paper first uses factor analysis method to analyze the current development of animal husbandry in Jilin Province systematically, applies the grey system model to analyze the major influential factors of modern animal husbandry construction in Jilin Province, puts forward the development objectives and strategy of modern livestock husbandry, propose the feasible development path. These all will help to formulate rational economy policy for development of modern animal husbandry in Jilin Province, to provide a development model with application value.
本论文以现代畜牧业集约经营理论与现代畜牧业产业组织理论为基础,借鉴已有研究的成果,运用比较分析法、因子分析法、灰色关联度分析法,在分析吉林省畜牧业发展历程、现状评价前提下,提出吉林省畜牧业发展目标及发展战略,分析影响吉林省现代畜牧业的因素,提出可行的发展路径,进而对吉林省现代畜牧业建设进行了全面实证研究。主要得出以下结论：
(1)总体上来看,吉林省在全国31个省、自治区、直辖市畜产品主要指标排序中位于中上游,但吉林省畜牧业产值逐年增长,在农林牧渔业产值中所占比重也基本上是逐年递增,可见畜牧业在吉林省经济发展中的地位在逐渐加重。目前吉林省畜牧业已经有了一定的发展基础,达到了一定的发展水平,但是总体上看,吉林省畜牧业的发展水平应该是处于由传统畜牧业阶段向现代畜牧业建设转变的时期,距离基本实现畜牧业现代化仍有一定的差距。
(2)在对吉林省现代畜牧业建设进行SWOT分析的基础上,本文认为吉林省现代畜牧业建设的基础和优势包括较高的劳动生产率、较好的资源禀赋和较高的发展平台；制约因素主要有畜产品商品化率较低、劳动生产效率较高,但集约经营不够、科技投入不足,资金支持力度不够、畜产品质量安全保障体系不健全、产业化程度低、畜牧业生产者自身的文化素质较低、互联网普及率不高,信息传输渠道不畅导致信息反馈严重滞后、畜群结构不平衡,产业结构不合理、生态环境破坏严重等。
(3)现代畜牧业建设是一个系统工程,适用经济学中的“短板法则”,必须基于现代畜牧业的内涵全面考虑现代畜牧业建设的主要影响因素。本文认为现代畜牧业建设的主要影响因素包括：政府政策法规的保障体系、市场需求的拉动机制、社会化的公共服务平台、畜牧业从业者的文化素质和畜牧企业的科技创新能力。
(4)畜牧生产结构应以市场为导向,科学为先导,以效益为优先,因地制宜发挥比较优势的原则进行合理化调整。实施种植业三元结构转化,促进畜牧业生产结构由食粮型向食草型转化,加快名优特绿色畜禽产品生产,采取综合措施,提高饲料转化效率,大力发展畜产品加工业。畜牧业布局优化应实行专业化生产,农牧结合,着重发展舍饲畜牧业；畜种结构上,在大力发展猪、鸡外,要充分利用资源条件发展牛、羊、兔、鹅等草食畜禽,改变片面追求牲畜数量的做法；提高畜群质量,加速畜群周转,提高畜产品的产品率与商品率。
(5)畜牧专业合作社是解决制约畜牧业发展问题的一个重要途径,是实施畜牧现代化、标准化生产的基础。现代畜牧业要求合作经济组织运用经济手段,把畜牧业生产经营活动组织起来,提供兽药、饲料等投入品供应、技术服务以及畜产品销售服务,解决一家一户规模小、资金少、技术薄弱等问题,减少了各种成本,有利于进一步挖掘畜牧业增收潜力,提高畜产品市场竞争力。吉林省畜牧业一体化主要有龙头企业带动型、中介组织带动型、市场带动型、集团型一体化等经营等模式。龙头型企业带动型是吉林省畜牧业产业化的重要模式之一
(6)公共防疫体系建设要保护与发展并重。既要加强基础设施建设,又要加强队伍和机构的建设,同时强化重大动物疫病防控的应急管理体制与机制,日常要加强检疫监督工作。
论文基于现代畜牧业的内涵首次应用因子分析法系统地分析了吉林省畜牧业发展现状,运用灰色系统模型分析了吉林省现代畜牧业建设的主要影响因素,提出吉林省现代畜牧业发展目标及发展战略,提出可行的发展路径,将有助于吉林省制定合理的现代畜牧业经济政策,为吉林省现代畜牧业发展提供一条具有应用价值的发展模式。
Animal husbandry is an important part of modern agriculture. Modern animal husbandry is a large industry that has strong industrial pulling ability, absorb labor capacity, and a high-level of value-added transformation. Agricultural development level is directly proportional to animal husbandry developed degree, the proportion of stockbreeding development level in agriculture is important symbol to measure a country and regional modernization level, to realize agricultural modernization completely must realize modernization of animal husbandry. Jilin province is a big grain province, is also a big stockbreeding one; the strategy for Jilin old industrial base revitalization and implementation of the project of "food become flesh" makes the animal husbandry of Jilin province to achieve rapid development, and become a pillar industry of rural economy, a competitive industry for transformation of resources, and leading industry to increase the income of farmers in Jilin province. But now Jilin province was still in the process of transformation from traditional to the modern animal husbandry, the traditional livestock production gradually expose sets of defects, such as the way of growth is backward, technology content is not high, the level of industrialization is low, industry chain is short, the added value of livestock and poultry products are low, poor ability to resist risks, the public service system is imperfect, and all these are severely restricts the further development of animal husbandry in Jilin province. Therefore we must change the traditional mode of production, improving production technology content, to implement the reformation from productivity to production mode, which is to promote the construction of the modern animal husbandry in Jilin province.
This thesis based on theories of modern animal husbandry intensive management and modern animal husbandry industrial organization, the existing research results as reference, use comparison analysis, factor analysis and gray correlation analysis method, in the premise of the development history analysis and current situation evaluation of animal husbandry of Jilin province, put forward to the development objectives and strategy of animal husbandry in Jilin province, analyze the influential factors of Jilin province modern animal husbandry, propose the feasible development path, and then conducted a comprehensive empirical study construction of modern animal husbandry in Jilin Province. To reach the following conclusion:
(1) In general, among the country's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the main indicators of livestock in Jilin Province located in the upper reaches of the sort, but year by year the value of animal husbandry output in Jilin Province increase, the value of output in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery are also increasing year by year. Currently animal husbandry in Jilin Province has a certain basis for the development and reaches a certain level of development, but overall the level of development of animal husbandry in Jilin Province should be at the stage from the traditional to the modern livestock husbandry construction period, there is still a gap of basically modern animal husbandry.
(2) based on the SWOT analysis of the construction of modern animal husbandry in Jilin Province, this paper maintained that the basis and advantages for the construction of modern animal husbandry in Jilin Province including higher productivity, better resource endowments and high development platform; The main constraints include lower the commercialization of livestock products, labor productivity is higher but not intensive enough, inadequate investment in science and technology, financial support is not enough, animal product quality security system is not perfect, the level of industrialization is low, the quality of livestock producers is low, Internet penetration is not high, channel of information transmission is not smooth, and cause information feedback serious lag, livestock structure imbalance, irrational industrial structure, and serious ecological damage.
(3) The construction of modern animal husbandry is a system engineering, applied "short-board rule" of economics, must be based on connotation of modern animal husbandry to consider fully the main factors of livestock building. This paper argues that the main factors of construction of modern animal husbandry include:the security system of policies and regulations of government, market demand mechanism, the social-oriented public service platform, and the cultural quality of the practitioners of animal husbandry livestock enterprises, scientific and technological innovation.
(4) Livestock production should be market-oriented, science as the guide and benefits as a priority, according to local conditions to use the principle of comparative advantage rationalization. To implement transformation of ternary structure of farming, to promote the type of animal husbandry production structure conversion of grazing food to grazing-type, speed up the famous special green livestock and poultry production, and adopt comprehensive measures to improve feed conversion efficiency, vigorously develop the livestock processing industry. Animal layout Optimization should implement professional livestock production, Combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, Focus on the development of livestock feeding; livestock structure, development of resource conditions to make full use of cattle, sheep, rabbits, geese and other grazing livestock, adjusting uneven grass livestock conflicts, to implement a grass (material) will livestock, livestock numbers to change the practice of one-sided pursuit; improve herd quality, and speed up the herd turnover, and improving rates of livestock products and commodities rates.
(5) Livestock cooperatives to address the constraints of animal husbandry development are an important way; a basis to implement livestock modernization and standardization of production. Cooperative economic organization of modern animal husbandry requires the use of economic means to organize production and business activities of animal husbandry, providing veterinary medicine, feed and other inputs supply, technical services and livestock marketing services, to resolve an a small scale, less capital and technology is weak and other issues, reducing the various costs, benefit to further tap the potential of livestock income, improve the market competitiveness of livestock products. Integration of animal husbandry in Jilin Province are mainly driven by leading enterprises, intermediary organizations-led, market-led, group-type integration of business and other models. Is the leading enterprise-led industrialization of animal husbandry in Jilin Province is one important model.
(6) Public and prevention system both focus on protect and development. It is necessary to strengthen infrastructure construction, but also strengthen the team and institution-building, and strengthen prevention and control of major animal disease emergency management system and mechanism, to strengthen daily quarantine supervision.
Based on the connotation of modern animal husbandry, this paper first uses factor analysis method to analyze the current development of animal husbandry in Jilin Province systematically, applies the grey system model to analyze the major influential factors of modern animal husbandry construction in Jilin Province, puts forward the development objectives and strategy of modern livestock husbandry, propose the feasible development path. These all will help to formulate rational economy policy for development of modern animal husbandry in Jilin Province, to provide a development model with application value.
引文
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