废弃钻井泥浆的微生物处理效果研究
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摘要
本文利用实验室内筛选的6株废弃钻井泥浆高效降解细菌进行小型野外现场实验,研究了废弃钻井泥浆在微生物处理作用下,土壤微生物量动态变化；泥浆一土壤一微生物混合处理体系污染指标的变化；土壤养分变化情况。结果如下：
(1)泥浆一土壤混合体系和对照土壤中可培养的细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量均呈现先下降后上升再下降最后又上升的变化；在第Od、30d、90d、180d、270d和第360d时,泥浆一土壤混合体系中细菌和放线菌的数量均极显著地高于对照土壤,而真菌数量表现出不尽相同的差异性。
(2)泥浆一土壤混合体系和对照土壤微生物量碳、氮也均呈现降一升一降一升的变化趋势,这与细菌、真菌和放线菌数量的变化表现出相同的规律性；在第0d、30d、90d、180d、270d和第360d时,泥浆一土壤混合体系中微生物量碳、氮均显著或极显著地高于对照土壤,分别是对照土壤的2.9-3.5倍和1.9-3.2倍。
(3)对泥浆一土壤混合体系中微生物量碳、氮与各微生物数量的相关性分析表明,微生物量碳、氮与各微生物数量均呈正相关关系。微生物量碳、氮与细菌数量的相关性都达到了显著(P<5%)；微生物量碳、氮与放线菌数量的相关性都达到了极显著(p<1%)。
(4)采用PCR-DGGE分析了不同处理土壤细菌多样性指数和丰富度指数,结果表明,泥浆一土壤混合体系中细菌种群的多样性要高于对照,在0-360d范围内,泥浆一土壤混合体系中细菌种群的变化较大,而对照土壤中的细菌种群较稳定。(5)从Od-360d,泥浆一土壤混合体系的色度、COD、Cl-、SO42-及油类的含量随时间的推移逐渐下降,去除率分别达到48.6%、63.8%、80.5%、61.0%和74.3%；各处理土壤重金属Cd含量均达到国家土壤环境质量标准的二级标准,而Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr含量符合一级标准；泥浆一土壤混合体系种植的三叶草、黑麦草、竹子和桤木等植物,其叶片重金属Cd、Zn、Cr含量与对照土壤种植的各植物体内的含量相比,差异均不显著,而重金属Pb和Cu的含量差异显著。
(6)在第0d、30d、90d、180d、270d和第360d时,泥浆一土壤混合体系中全氮、有机质、速效钾、碱解氮和速效磷均显著或极显著的高于对照土壤,泥浆一土壤混合体系土壤的肥力状况更有利于植物的生长。
In this paper, we carried out one small-scale field experiment to determine the degrading effect of waste drilling mud by inoculation of effective degrading bacteria. The dynamics of soil microorganisms in different treatments, variation of pollution matter concentration in mud-soil mixture system and the soil nutrient content was determined at different time. The results were as follow:
(1) The number of cultured bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes appeared the regular variation, i.e. decreasing-increasing-decreasing, and increasing finally, both in the mud-soil mixture system and the control soil during the detection time on the 0th d, 30th d,90th d,180th d,270th d and 360th d. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in mud-soil mixture system was significantly higher than that of the control all the time.
(2)Both soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) showed the same regular variation as that of microbial number in the mud-soil mixture system and the control soil. SMBC and SMBN of the mud-soil mixture system was 2.9-3.5 times and 1.9-3.2 times higher than that of the control.
(3) Correlation analysis showed that there was positive significance correlation (p<5%) between SMBC, SMBN and the bacterial number, and also the positive significance correlation was exited between SMBC, SMBN and the number of actinomycetes (p<1%).
(4) PCR-DGGE analysis of soil uncultured bacteria showed that the diversity of bacterial populations in the mud-soil mixture system was higher than that in control soil, and the bacterial population was fluctuating in the mud-soil mixture system, but was stable in control soil on the 0th d,30th d,90th d,180th d,270th d and the 360th d.
(5)From the 0th d to the 360th d, the content of soil elution liquid color, COD, concentration of Cl-, SO42- and oil content of soil elution liquid in the mud-soil mixture system decreased gradually, and the removal rate reached to 48.6%,63.8%, 80.5%,61.0%and 74.3%, respectively, which showed there was a good degradation effect. The content of Cd was according with the national secondary standard of environmental quality for soil, the content of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr was according with the national primary standard. Compared with the control soil, the content of heavy metals (Cd、Zn、Cr) in Clover、Ryegrass、Bamboo and Alder leaves planting in the mud-soil mixture system had not significant difference, however, the content of Pb and Cu changed significantly.
(6) On the 0th d,30th d,90th d,180th d,270th d and 360th d, the content of total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium and available nitrogen in the mud-soil mixture system was significantly higher than that in the control soil. Soil fertility condition of the mud-soil mixture system was more suitable for plant growth.
(1)泥浆一土壤混合体系和对照土壤中可培养的细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量均呈现先下降后上升再下降最后又上升的变化；在第Od、30d、90d、180d、270d和第360d时,泥浆一土壤混合体系中细菌和放线菌的数量均极显著地高于对照土壤,而真菌数量表现出不尽相同的差异性。
(2)泥浆一土壤混合体系和对照土壤微生物量碳、氮也均呈现降一升一降一升的变化趋势,这与细菌、真菌和放线菌数量的变化表现出相同的规律性；在第0d、30d、90d、180d、270d和第360d时,泥浆一土壤混合体系中微生物量碳、氮均显著或极显著地高于对照土壤,分别是对照土壤的2.9-3.5倍和1.9-3.2倍。
(3)对泥浆一土壤混合体系中微生物量碳、氮与各微生物数量的相关性分析表明,微生物量碳、氮与各微生物数量均呈正相关关系。微生物量碳、氮与细菌数量的相关性都达到了显著(P<5%)；微生物量碳、氮与放线菌数量的相关性都达到了极显著(p<1%)。
(4)采用PCR-DGGE分析了不同处理土壤细菌多样性指数和丰富度指数,结果表明,泥浆一土壤混合体系中细菌种群的多样性要高于对照,在0-360d范围内,泥浆一土壤混合体系中细菌种群的变化较大,而对照土壤中的细菌种群较稳定。(5)从Od-360d,泥浆一土壤混合体系的色度、COD、Cl-、SO42-及油类的含量随时间的推移逐渐下降,去除率分别达到48.6%、63.8%、80.5%、61.0%和74.3%；各处理土壤重金属Cd含量均达到国家土壤环境质量标准的二级标准,而Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr含量符合一级标准；泥浆一土壤混合体系种植的三叶草、黑麦草、竹子和桤木等植物,其叶片重金属Cd、Zn、Cr含量与对照土壤种植的各植物体内的含量相比,差异均不显著,而重金属Pb和Cu的含量差异显著。
(6)在第0d、30d、90d、180d、270d和第360d时,泥浆一土壤混合体系中全氮、有机质、速效钾、碱解氮和速效磷均显著或极显著的高于对照土壤,泥浆一土壤混合体系土壤的肥力状况更有利于植物的生长。
In this paper, we carried out one small-scale field experiment to determine the degrading effect of waste drilling mud by inoculation of effective degrading bacteria. The dynamics of soil microorganisms in different treatments, variation of pollution matter concentration in mud-soil mixture system and the soil nutrient content was determined at different time. The results were as follow:
(1) The number of cultured bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes appeared the regular variation, i.e. decreasing-increasing-decreasing, and increasing finally, both in the mud-soil mixture system and the control soil during the detection time on the 0th d, 30th d,90th d,180th d,270th d and 360th d. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in mud-soil mixture system was significantly higher than that of the control all the time.
(2)Both soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) showed the same regular variation as that of microbial number in the mud-soil mixture system and the control soil. SMBC and SMBN of the mud-soil mixture system was 2.9-3.5 times and 1.9-3.2 times higher than that of the control.
(3) Correlation analysis showed that there was positive significance correlation (p<5%) between SMBC, SMBN and the bacterial number, and also the positive significance correlation was exited between SMBC, SMBN and the number of actinomycetes (p<1%).
(4) PCR-DGGE analysis of soil uncultured bacteria showed that the diversity of bacterial populations in the mud-soil mixture system was higher than that in control soil, and the bacterial population was fluctuating in the mud-soil mixture system, but was stable in control soil on the 0th d,30th d,90th d,180th d,270th d and the 360th d.
(5)From the 0th d to the 360th d, the content of soil elution liquid color, COD, concentration of Cl-, SO42- and oil content of soil elution liquid in the mud-soil mixture system decreased gradually, and the removal rate reached to 48.6%,63.8%, 80.5%,61.0%and 74.3%, respectively, which showed there was a good degradation effect. The content of Cd was according with the national secondary standard of environmental quality for soil, the content of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr was according with the national primary standard. Compared with the control soil, the content of heavy metals (Cd、Zn、Cr) in Clover、Ryegrass、Bamboo and Alder leaves planting in the mud-soil mixture system had not significant difference, however, the content of Pb and Cu changed significantly.
(6) On the 0th d,30th d,90th d,180th d,270th d and 360th d, the content of total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium and available nitrogen in the mud-soil mixture system was significantly higher than that in the control soil. Soil fertility condition of the mud-soil mixture system was more suitable for plant growth.
引文
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