石油污染土—水系统的生物修复研究
|
摘要
土壤是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础和环境条件。石油进入土壤后,在复杂的土壤结构中经历着一系列物理、化学和生物过程,同时在重力和毛细力作用下不断入渗进入地下水而使其污染范围进一步扩大。进而直接或间接的危害到动植物和人类的生命健康,因此,研究大庆地区土-水系统中石油类污染物在自然条件下的迁移转化规律以及植物-微生物联合修复实验研究对油气田开发建设中土壤及水体环境的保护具有重要的现实意义。
本文研究了大庆地区自然条件下石油类污染物在土-水系统中迁移转化规律;用生物泥浆法对影响本源微生物生物活性的因素进行测定,从而确定最佳的能应用于本源微生物生物强化的具体措施;在此基础上,再经实地考查及大量相关文献的阅读,优选出适宜的植物种子并将其按照一定的规律栽种于经过生物强化处理的土壤中,从而研究植物-微生物联合作用与石油污染降解率的关系。
1.自然条件下石油类污染物在土-水系统中迁移转化规律
根据实验目的,选取油井周围作为石油污染土壤的采样地点,观察在自然条件下石油类污染物的迁移转化特征。研究表明,石油类污染物含量总体上随深度的增加而降低,随距离的增加而减少,只有少数亲水性污染物在淋滤作用下向深处迁移。基于大庆地区的实际情况石油类污染物通常不会对本地区地下水层造成污染。
2.影响本源微生物激活因素研究
通过在实验室内模拟实验研究各种影响微生物生物活性的因素,确定本源微生物生物强化的具体方法。研究表明,温度对微生物生物活性的影响很大,最佳温度是40℃;引进外来碳源对微生物的生物活性的影响也很大,不同碳源在提高微生物活性能力方面存在差异,实验得出当淀粉加入量为C 0.5g/kg或葡萄糖加入量为C 0.1g/kg时最佳;含水率对微生物的影响较次要,最佳含水率为50%,太高会抑制微生物生物活性;适宜浓度的营养物质也会影响微生物活性,当营养物(N/P)的配比为10:1时微生物活性最大;试验得出,电子受体H2O2量累积14ml或表面活性剂浓度低于50mg/L时对微生物的繁殖才有利,但考虑到实际操作以及对环境方面的影响,不主张采用后两种方法。
3.植物-微生物联合修复研究
以前期实验为基础,选取三种植物种:黄豆、苜蓿和羊草,按照一定规律种植于经过处理的样品中。研究表明,前期经过处理的样品生物活性得到加强,与植物一起进行联合修复的作用明显;经过加入淀粉处理,种植黄豆-苜蓿组降解效果最好,黄豆组次之;总体看来,同属于豆科的黄豆-苜蓿混种降解效果最好,而豆科的苜蓿与禾本科羊草混种的组降解效果最差,这说明在实际应用中植物选择要注意搭配的合理性,本次实验证明同种植物混种长势好,降解效果突出。
Soil is material base and environmental conditions for human to survive and develop.when oil was brought into soil, it would undergo a series of complex physical, chemical and biological processes in the soil. The scope of oil pollution would be expanded if it infiltrated into the groundwater under gravity and capillary pressure. And the lives and health of animal, plant and human would be endangered directly or indirectly. Therefore, the researches were carried out on the natural migration and transformation law of oil contaminants in soil-water system and the mediation experiment by plants-microbial technology, which had important practical significance for the protection of the soil and water environment.
The natural migration and transformation law of oil contaminants in soil-water system is studied in this research. The influencing factors of biological activity of indigenous microorganism were determined by the method of bioslurry. On this basis, the suitable seeds which had be selected through extensive literature survey and field work would be planted in the bioaugmentation soil according to certain laws, thus research on the relationship between the effects of plant-microorganism combined bioremediation and the degradation rate of oil contaminants.
1. The migration and transformation law of oil contaminants in soil-water under the natural situation
According to the experimental purpose, the sampling sites were selected around wells for observing the migration and transformation law of oil contaminants. The results show that the content of petroleum contaminants decreases with increased depth and distance, and only a few hydrophilic contaminants could continue to migrate because of the eluviations. Based on the actual situation in Daqing, the groundwater could not be polluted by petroleum contaminants under the general condition.
2. Study on the influencing factors of activating indigenous microorganism
The influencing factors of activating indigenous microorganism were analyzed in the simulated tests in laboratory to determine the concrete method of activating indigenous microorganism. The results indicated that temperature had a great effect to microbial activity, optimal temperature was 40℃. So as the introduction of alien carbon source, and the capacity of various carbon sources were different in activating indigenous microorganism. The result showed that the best effect was when 0.5gC/kg of starch or 0.1gC/kg of glucose were added to Samples. The experiments concluded that the best conditions were: containing water 50%, the proportion of nutrition (N/P) was ten to one, electron accepter(H2O2) was cumulated to 14ml or the content of surfactant equals 50mg/L.However, taking into account the actual operation and the impact on environment , the latter two methods were not be advocated .
3. Research on the bioremediation experiment of plant-microorganism
The basis of preliminary experiments, we would like to select the three plant species: soybeans, alfalfa, and leymus chinensis, according to certain laws in the treated samples. The studies have shown that the samples pre-treated biological activity has been strengthened, with the plant obvious effect of combined bioremediation experiment; after adding starch processing, Planting soybeans - degradation of alfalfa group the best, followed by the soybean; overall, belong to the same legume soybeans - is the best of mixed degradation. But the legume alfalfa and Phocaea Leymus is worst of mixed degradation, this shows that in practical applications with plant selection should focus on the collocations of reasonableness, the results show the same kinds of mixed species of plants are growing well, the degradation effect is prominent.
本文研究了大庆地区自然条件下石油类污染物在土-水系统中迁移转化规律;用生物泥浆法对影响本源微生物生物活性的因素进行测定,从而确定最佳的能应用于本源微生物生物强化的具体措施;在此基础上,再经实地考查及大量相关文献的阅读,优选出适宜的植物种子并将其按照一定的规律栽种于经过生物强化处理的土壤中,从而研究植物-微生物联合作用与石油污染降解率的关系。
1.自然条件下石油类污染物在土-水系统中迁移转化规律
根据实验目的,选取油井周围作为石油污染土壤的采样地点,观察在自然条件下石油类污染物的迁移转化特征。研究表明,石油类污染物含量总体上随深度的增加而降低,随距离的增加而减少,只有少数亲水性污染物在淋滤作用下向深处迁移。基于大庆地区的实际情况石油类污染物通常不会对本地区地下水层造成污染。
2.影响本源微生物激活因素研究
通过在实验室内模拟实验研究各种影响微生物生物活性的因素,确定本源微生物生物强化的具体方法。研究表明,温度对微生物生物活性的影响很大,最佳温度是40℃;引进外来碳源对微生物的生物活性的影响也很大,不同碳源在提高微生物活性能力方面存在差异,实验得出当淀粉加入量为C 0.5g/kg或葡萄糖加入量为C 0.1g/kg时最佳;含水率对微生物的影响较次要,最佳含水率为50%,太高会抑制微生物生物活性;适宜浓度的营养物质也会影响微生物活性,当营养物(N/P)的配比为10:1时微生物活性最大;试验得出,电子受体H2O2量累积14ml或表面活性剂浓度低于50mg/L时对微生物的繁殖才有利,但考虑到实际操作以及对环境方面的影响,不主张采用后两种方法。
3.植物-微生物联合修复研究
以前期实验为基础,选取三种植物种:黄豆、苜蓿和羊草,按照一定规律种植于经过处理的样品中。研究表明,前期经过处理的样品生物活性得到加强,与植物一起进行联合修复的作用明显;经过加入淀粉处理,种植黄豆-苜蓿组降解效果最好,黄豆组次之;总体看来,同属于豆科的黄豆-苜蓿混种降解效果最好,而豆科的苜蓿与禾本科羊草混种的组降解效果最差,这说明在实际应用中植物选择要注意搭配的合理性,本次实验证明同种植物混种长势好,降解效果突出。
Soil is material base and environmental conditions for human to survive and develop.when oil was brought into soil, it would undergo a series of complex physical, chemical and biological processes in the soil. The scope of oil pollution would be expanded if it infiltrated into the groundwater under gravity and capillary pressure. And the lives and health of animal, plant and human would be endangered directly or indirectly. Therefore, the researches were carried out on the natural migration and transformation law of oil contaminants in soil-water system and the mediation experiment by plants-microbial technology, which had important practical significance for the protection of the soil and water environment.
The natural migration and transformation law of oil contaminants in soil-water system is studied in this research. The influencing factors of biological activity of indigenous microorganism were determined by the method of bioslurry. On this basis, the suitable seeds which had be selected through extensive literature survey and field work would be planted in the bioaugmentation soil according to certain laws, thus research on the relationship between the effects of plant-microorganism combined bioremediation and the degradation rate of oil contaminants.
1. The migration and transformation law of oil contaminants in soil-water under the natural situation
According to the experimental purpose, the sampling sites were selected around wells for observing the migration and transformation law of oil contaminants. The results show that the content of petroleum contaminants decreases with increased depth and distance, and only a few hydrophilic contaminants could continue to migrate because of the eluviations. Based on the actual situation in Daqing, the groundwater could not be polluted by petroleum contaminants under the general condition.
2. Study on the influencing factors of activating indigenous microorganism
The influencing factors of activating indigenous microorganism were analyzed in the simulated tests in laboratory to determine the concrete method of activating indigenous microorganism. The results indicated that temperature had a great effect to microbial activity, optimal temperature was 40℃. So as the introduction of alien carbon source, and the capacity of various carbon sources were different in activating indigenous microorganism. The result showed that the best effect was when 0.5gC/kg of starch or 0.1gC/kg of glucose were added to Samples. The experiments concluded that the best conditions were: containing water 50%, the proportion of nutrition (N/P) was ten to one, electron accepter(H2O2) was cumulated to 14ml or the content of surfactant equals 50mg/L.However, taking into account the actual operation and the impact on environment , the latter two methods were not be advocated .
3. Research on the bioremediation experiment of plant-microorganism
The basis of preliminary experiments, we would like to select the three plant species: soybeans, alfalfa, and leymus chinensis, according to certain laws in the treated samples. The studies have shown that the samples pre-treated biological activity has been strengthened, with the plant obvious effect of combined bioremediation experiment; after adding starch processing, Planting soybeans - degradation of alfalfa group the best, followed by the soybean; overall, belong to the same legume soybeans - is the best of mixed degradation. But the legume alfalfa and Phocaea Leymus is worst of mixed degradation, this shows that in practical applications with plant selection should focus on the collocations of reasonableness, the results show the same kinds of mixed species of plants are growing well, the degradation effect is prominent.
引文
[1]巫丹,黄瑞婧.浅谈污染土壤生物修复技术[J].江西化工,2009,12(4):48~51
[2]翁添富,高建培,易锋,熊国焕,焦鹏.土壤重金属污染生物修复技术研究进展[J].科技导报,2009,27(4):93~97
[3]Kim M. H. and Hao. O. J. Co metabolic degradation of chloroprene’s by acinetobacter species [J].Water Research, 1999, 33(2):562~574
[4]张宝良.油田土壤石油污染与原位生物修复技术研究[D].大庆石油学院, 2007:22~23
[5]宋雪英,宋玉芳,孙铁珩,李昕馨,孙丽娜,郑森林.石油污染土壤生物修复中外源微生物的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2007,27(7): 1168~1173
[6]赵爱芬,赵雪,常学礼.植物对污染土壤修复作用的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2000,31(1):43~47
[7]刘其友,赵东风,张云波.石油污染土壤生物修复技术的研究进展[J].油气田环境保护,2005,15(4):14~17
[8]Reilly, K. A. Banks M. K. et al. Dissipation of PAHs in the rhizosphere.[J]. Environ. Qual., 1996, 25:212~219
[9]Karl J.R., Stuart E S. Biodegration of bicyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in anaerobic enrichment[J].Environ. Sci. Technol., 1998, 32: 3962~3967
[10]Soni B K.Biological-chemical treatment of soils contaminated with exploration and production wastes [J]. Appl Biochem and Biotechmol, 1998, 70~72(o):709~718.
[11]Hussmann Michael H.Predictive model for estimating the extent of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in comtaminated soils [J].Environ Sic and Technol, 1995, 29(2):7~18.
[12]Rohm H. J., Reify I. Mechanism and occurrence of microbial oxidation of long-chain alkenes[J]. Adv. Bio. Eng., 1981, 24:1241~1269.
[13]王晓娟,金樑,顾宗镰.机油降解菌的筛选及其降解能力的研究[J].复旦学报(自然科学版), 2001,40 (5):562~568
[14]Pritton C N, in Gibson D T ed. Microbial degradation of organic compounds[M].NewYork, Marcel Dekker, 1984: 89~130.
[15]Binet P, Portal J M, Leyval C. Dissipation of 3~6-ring Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rhizosphere of ryegrass[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2000, 32:2011~2017.
[16]Banks M K, Lee E, Schwab A P. Evaluation of dissipation mechanisms for benzo[a]pyrene in the rhizosphere of tall fescue[J].Environ. Qual., 1999, 28: 294~298
[17]Flath Man P E, Lanza G R. Phytore mediation, current views on an emerging green technology[J]. soil contamination,1998,7:415~432
[18]rudgill P W et al. Microbial degradation of organic compounds[M].New York, Marcel Dekker,1984:131~180.
[19]ATLAS R M. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: An environmentalperspective [J]. Microbial Rev, 1981, 45:180~209.
[20]ATLAS R M, CERNIGLIA C E. Bioremediation of petroleum pollutants: Diversity and environmental aspects of hydrocarbon biodegradation[J]. Bioscience, 1995, 45:332~338.
[21]Rutledge C. Degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons in developments in biodegradation of hydrocarbons[M]. London: Applied Science, 1978.
[22]Bailey VL, McGill WB.Carbon transformation by indigenous microbes in four hydrocarbon-comtaminated soils under static remediation conditions[J]. Canadian J of Soil Sci,2001,81(2):193~204.
[23]孙铁珩,宋玉芳,许华夏,张海荣,杨桂芬.植物法修复PAHs和矿物油污染土壤的调控研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(2):225~229
[24]魏德洲,秦煜民.表面活性剂对石油污染物生物降解的影响[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版), 1998,19(2):125~127
[25]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986, 53~56
[26]王洋,王秋玉.生物表面活性剂在生物修复石油污染中的应用[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(24):455~458
[27]倪纯治.降解石油微生物的分离与筛选[J].海洋通报,1982,(3):89~94
[28]孙铁珩,宋玉芳,许华夏,王鸿雁.污染土壤中多环芳烃生物降解的调控研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(6):640~644
[29]Ferro A. M., Sims R. C., Bug bee B., Hycrest Crested Wheatgrass the Degradatioin of Pentachlorophenol in Soil[J]. Environ.Qual., 1994,23:272~279
[30]Reddy B. R., Sethunathan. Minerazatiion of p-Nitropenol in the Rhizosphere of Rice[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 1994, 47:313~317
[31]Cunningham S. D., Ow D. W., Promises and Prospects of Phytoremediation[J]. Plant Physiol. 1996, 110:715~719
[32]Steven D. S., James J. G., Enhaneced Phytoremediation of Chlorobenzoates in Rhizosphere Soil[J].Soil. Biology and Biochemistry,1999,31:299~305
[33]Komoba D. and Sandermann. J. Plant metabolism of herbicides with C-P bonds:phosphinothricin[J].Pestic.Biochem.Physiol.,1992,43:95~102
[34]Anderson T A., Guthrie E A, Walton B T. Bioremediation in the rhizophere, plant roots and associated microbes clean contaminated soil[J].Environ.Sci.Technol., 1993, 27:2630~2636.
[35]Reilley K, Banks M K, Schwab A P., Dissipation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere[J].Environ.Qual., 1996, 25:212~219.
[36]任华峰,单德臣,李淑芹.石油污染土壤微生物修复技术的研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(3):373~376
[37]黄会一,张有标,张春兴,蒋德明,王育英.木本植物对大气重金属污染物耐性的研究[J].植物生态学报,1984,8(2):123~132
[38]沈德中.污染土壤的植物修复[J].生态学杂志,1998,17(2):59~64
[39]安凤春,莫汉宏,郑明辉等, DDT污染土壤的植物修复技术[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(7):39~44
[40]Gao J, Garrison A. W., Hoehamer C et al., Uptake and Phytotransformation of o, p′-DDT and p,p′-DDT by Axenically Cultivated Aquatic Plants[J]. Agric. Food Chem.., 2000,48: 6121~6127
[41]Pradhan S. P., Conrad J. R., Paterek J. R., et al. Potential of phytoremediation for treatment of PAHs in soil at MGP sites[J].J Soi.Contam,1998,7:467~480.
[42]安凤春,莫汉宏,郑明辉,张兵.化学农药污染土壤植物修复中的环境化学问题[J].环境化学,2003,22(5):420~426
[43]李滢,区自清,孙铁珩.表面活性剂对小麦吸收多环芳烃(PAHs)的影响[J].生态学报,2000,20(1):99~102
[44]李方敏,姚金龙,王琼山.修复石油污染土壤的植物筛选[J].中国农学通报第, 2006,22(9):429~431
[45]刘五星,骆永明,滕应,李振高,吴龙华.石油污染土壤的生物修复研究进展[J].土壤,2006,38(5):634~639
[46]Salt D E, Blaylock M, Kumar NPBA, Dushenkov V, Bnsley B D, and Chet I. Phytoremediation: a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants[J]. Bio/Techonology, 1995,13: 468~474
[47]王曙光,林先贵.菌根在污染土壤生物修复中的作用[J].农村生态环境,2001,17(1):56~59
[48]李智冬.石油类污染物在土壤表面光化学转化的研究[D].大连理工大学,2007,57~58.
[49]卢丽丽,石辉.植物修复石油污染土壤的研究进展[J].化工环保, 2007,27(3):245~249
[50]林道辉,朱利中,高彦征.土壤有机污染植物修复的机理与影响因素[J].应用生态学报2003,14(10):1799~1803
[51]黄廷林,解岳,王晓昌等.延河沉积物的石油污染调查与分析[J].环境工程,2000,18(4):62~65
[52]J P Del’Arco, F P de Franca. Influence of oil contamination levels on hydrocarbon biodegradation in sandy sediment[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,110:515~519.
[53]项学敏,宋春霞,李彦生,孙祥宇.湿地植物芦苇和香蒲根际微生物特性研究[J].环境保护科学,2004,30(124):35~38
[54]齐永强,王红旗,刘敬奇,吴班.土壤中石油污染物微生物降解过程中各石油烃组分的演变规律[J].环境科学学报, 2003,23(6):834~836
[55]成水平,夏宜争.香蒲,灯心草人工湿地的研究:Ⅲ.净化污水的机理[J].湖泊科学,1998,10(2):66~71.
[56]李文利,王忠彦.土壤和地下水石油污染生物治理[J].重庆环境科学,1999,21(2):35~37
[57]魏德洲,秦煜民. H2O2在石油污染土壤微生物治理过程中的作用[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(5):429~432
[58]李丽,张利平,张元亮.石油烃类化合物降解菌研究概况[J].微生物学通报,2001,28(5):89~92
[59]Grishchekov V G, Townsend RT, McDonald T J, et al. Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by facultative anaerobic bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2000, 35:889~896
[60]曹启民,王华,郑良永,夏炜林,桑爱云.污染土壤的微生物修复机理及研究进展[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2006, 12(1):29~33
[61]张锡辉.高等环境化学与微生物学原理及应用[M],北京:化学工业出版社,2001, 69~71
[62]姜昌亮,孙铁珩,李培军,张春桂,张海荣,马学军,姚德明,杨桂芳.石油污染土壤长料堆式异位生物修复技术研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(2):279~282
[63]徐玉林.石油污染土壤降解与土壤的环境关系[J].农机化研究,2004,(6):86~88
[64]张逸飞,钟文辉,王国祥.微生物在污染环境生物修复中的应用[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(3):198~202
[65]魏德洲,秦煜民.表面活性剂对石油污染物生物降解的影响[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),1998,19(2):125~127
[66]Gunther, F., Fritsche W. Effect of ryegrass on biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil[J].Chemosphere, 1996,33:203~215
[67]刘世亮,骆永明,曹志洪,丁克强,蒋先军.多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物与植物联合修复研究进展[J].土壤,2002,34(5): 257~265
[68]Alexander M. Biodegradation and Bioremediation[M].San Diego: Academic Press,CA,1994.199~206.
[69]丁克强,骆永明,孙铁珩,李培军.通气对石油污染土壤生物修复的影响[J].土壤, 2001,33(4):185~188
[70]蔺昕,李培军,台培东,巩宗强,张海荣.石油污染土壤植物-微生物修复研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(1):93~100
[71]曾宪军,刘登魁.微生物修复受石油污染土壤的研究进展[J].湖南农业科学2006,(2):36~39
[72]桑伟莲,孔繁翔.植物修复研究进展[J].环境科学进展,1999,7(3):40~44
[73]Frederique Haus,Jean German,Guy-Alain Junter.Primary biodegraability of mineral base oils in relation to their chemical and physic characteristics[J].Chemosphere, 2001,45:983~990.
[74]张丽芳,姜承志,李东辉.表面活性剂对不同石油降解菌除油影响的研究[J].沈阳工业学院学报,2001,20(4):79~83.
[75]丁克强,骆永明,刘世亮,李振高.黑麦草对菲污染土壤修复的初步研究[J].土壤,2002,34(4):233~236
[76]冯晋阳,吴小宁.原油生物降解影响因素的试验研究[J].污染防治技术,2009,22 (1):1~3
[77]马溪平,付保荣,李法云,汲文华,张威,依艳丽.植物-微生物联合修复污染土壤的研究[J].中国公共卫生,2005 21(5):572~573
[2]翁添富,高建培,易锋,熊国焕,焦鹏.土壤重金属污染生物修复技术研究进展[J].科技导报,2009,27(4):93~97
[3]Kim M. H. and Hao. O. J. Co metabolic degradation of chloroprene’s by acinetobacter species [J].Water Research, 1999, 33(2):562~574
[4]张宝良.油田土壤石油污染与原位生物修复技术研究[D].大庆石油学院, 2007:22~23
[5]宋雪英,宋玉芳,孙铁珩,李昕馨,孙丽娜,郑森林.石油污染土壤生物修复中外源微生物的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2007,27(7): 1168~1173
[6]赵爱芬,赵雪,常学礼.植物对污染土壤修复作用的研究进展[J].土壤通报,2000,31(1):43~47
[7]刘其友,赵东风,张云波.石油污染土壤生物修复技术的研究进展[J].油气田环境保护,2005,15(4):14~17
[8]Reilly, K. A. Banks M. K. et al. Dissipation of PAHs in the rhizosphere.[J]. Environ. Qual., 1996, 25:212~219
[9]Karl J.R., Stuart E S. Biodegration of bicyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in anaerobic enrichment[J].Environ. Sci. Technol., 1998, 32: 3962~3967
[10]Soni B K.Biological-chemical treatment of soils contaminated with exploration and production wastes [J]. Appl Biochem and Biotechmol, 1998, 70~72(o):709~718.
[11]Hussmann Michael H.Predictive model for estimating the extent of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in comtaminated soils [J].Environ Sic and Technol, 1995, 29(2):7~18.
[12]Rohm H. J., Reify I. Mechanism and occurrence of microbial oxidation of long-chain alkenes[J]. Adv. Bio. Eng., 1981, 24:1241~1269.
[13]王晓娟,金樑,顾宗镰.机油降解菌的筛选及其降解能力的研究[J].复旦学报(自然科学版), 2001,40 (5):562~568
[14]Pritton C N, in Gibson D T ed. Microbial degradation of organic compounds[M].NewYork, Marcel Dekker, 1984: 89~130.
[15]Binet P, Portal J M, Leyval C. Dissipation of 3~6-ring Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rhizosphere of ryegrass[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2000, 32:2011~2017.
[16]Banks M K, Lee E, Schwab A P. Evaluation of dissipation mechanisms for benzo[a]pyrene in the rhizosphere of tall fescue[J].Environ. Qual., 1999, 28: 294~298
[17]Flath Man P E, Lanza G R. Phytore mediation, current views on an emerging green technology[J]. soil contamination,1998,7:415~432
[18]rudgill P W et al. Microbial degradation of organic compounds[M].New York, Marcel Dekker,1984:131~180.
[19]ATLAS R M. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: An environmentalperspective [J]. Microbial Rev, 1981, 45:180~209.
[20]ATLAS R M, CERNIGLIA C E. Bioremediation of petroleum pollutants: Diversity and environmental aspects of hydrocarbon biodegradation[J]. Bioscience, 1995, 45:332~338.
[21]Rutledge C. Degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons in developments in biodegradation of hydrocarbons[M]. London: Applied Science, 1978.
[22]Bailey VL, McGill WB.Carbon transformation by indigenous microbes in four hydrocarbon-comtaminated soils under static remediation conditions[J]. Canadian J of Soil Sci,2001,81(2):193~204.
[23]孙铁珩,宋玉芳,许华夏,张海荣,杨桂芬.植物法修复PAHs和矿物油污染土壤的调控研究[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(2):225~229
[24]魏德洲,秦煜民.表面活性剂对石油污染物生物降解的影响[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版), 1998,19(2):125~127
[25]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986, 53~56
[26]王洋,王秋玉.生物表面活性剂在生物修复石油污染中的应用[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(24):455~458
[27]倪纯治.降解石油微生物的分离与筛选[J].海洋通报,1982,(3):89~94
[28]孙铁珩,宋玉芳,许华夏,王鸿雁.污染土壤中多环芳烃生物降解的调控研究[J].应用生态学报,1998,9(6):640~644
[29]Ferro A. M., Sims R. C., Bug bee B., Hycrest Crested Wheatgrass the Degradatioin of Pentachlorophenol in Soil[J]. Environ.Qual., 1994,23:272~279
[30]Reddy B. R., Sethunathan. Minerazatiion of p-Nitropenol in the Rhizosphere of Rice[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 1994, 47:313~317
[31]Cunningham S. D., Ow D. W., Promises and Prospects of Phytoremediation[J]. Plant Physiol. 1996, 110:715~719
[32]Steven D. S., James J. G., Enhaneced Phytoremediation of Chlorobenzoates in Rhizosphere Soil[J].Soil. Biology and Biochemistry,1999,31:299~305
[33]Komoba D. and Sandermann. J. Plant metabolism of herbicides with C-P bonds:phosphinothricin[J].Pestic.Biochem.Physiol.,1992,43:95~102
[34]Anderson T A., Guthrie E A, Walton B T. Bioremediation in the rhizophere, plant roots and associated microbes clean contaminated soil[J].Environ.Sci.Technol., 1993, 27:2630~2636.
[35]Reilley K, Banks M K, Schwab A P., Dissipation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere[J].Environ.Qual., 1996, 25:212~219.
[36]任华峰,单德臣,李淑芹.石油污染土壤微生物修复技术的研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,35(3):373~376
[37]黄会一,张有标,张春兴,蒋德明,王育英.木本植物对大气重金属污染物耐性的研究[J].植物生态学报,1984,8(2):123~132
[38]沈德中.污染土壤的植物修复[J].生态学杂志,1998,17(2):59~64
[39]安凤春,莫汉宏,郑明辉等, DDT污染土壤的植物修复技术[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2002,3(7):39~44
[40]Gao J, Garrison A. W., Hoehamer C et al., Uptake and Phytotransformation of o, p′-DDT and p,p′-DDT by Axenically Cultivated Aquatic Plants[J]. Agric. Food Chem.., 2000,48: 6121~6127
[41]Pradhan S. P., Conrad J. R., Paterek J. R., et al. Potential of phytoremediation for treatment of PAHs in soil at MGP sites[J].J Soi.Contam,1998,7:467~480.
[42]安凤春,莫汉宏,郑明辉,张兵.化学农药污染土壤植物修复中的环境化学问题[J].环境化学,2003,22(5):420~426
[43]李滢,区自清,孙铁珩.表面活性剂对小麦吸收多环芳烃(PAHs)的影响[J].生态学报,2000,20(1):99~102
[44]李方敏,姚金龙,王琼山.修复石油污染土壤的植物筛选[J].中国农学通报第, 2006,22(9):429~431
[45]刘五星,骆永明,滕应,李振高,吴龙华.石油污染土壤的生物修复研究进展[J].土壤,2006,38(5):634~639
[46]Salt D E, Blaylock M, Kumar NPBA, Dushenkov V, Bnsley B D, and Chet I. Phytoremediation: a novel strategy for the removal of toxic metals from the environment using plants[J]. Bio/Techonology, 1995,13: 468~474
[47]王曙光,林先贵.菌根在污染土壤生物修复中的作用[J].农村生态环境,2001,17(1):56~59
[48]李智冬.石油类污染物在土壤表面光化学转化的研究[D].大连理工大学,2007,57~58.
[49]卢丽丽,石辉.植物修复石油污染土壤的研究进展[J].化工环保, 2007,27(3):245~249
[50]林道辉,朱利中,高彦征.土壤有机污染植物修复的机理与影响因素[J].应用生态学报2003,14(10):1799~1803
[51]黄廷林,解岳,王晓昌等.延河沉积物的石油污染调查与分析[J].环境工程,2000,18(4):62~65
[52]J P Del’Arco, F P de Franca. Influence of oil contamination levels on hydrocarbon biodegradation in sandy sediment[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,110:515~519.
[53]项学敏,宋春霞,李彦生,孙祥宇.湿地植物芦苇和香蒲根际微生物特性研究[J].环境保护科学,2004,30(124):35~38
[54]齐永强,王红旗,刘敬奇,吴班.土壤中石油污染物微生物降解过程中各石油烃组分的演变规律[J].环境科学学报, 2003,23(6):834~836
[55]成水平,夏宜争.香蒲,灯心草人工湿地的研究:Ⅲ.净化污水的机理[J].湖泊科学,1998,10(2):66~71.
[56]李文利,王忠彦.土壤和地下水石油污染生物治理[J].重庆环境科学,1999,21(2):35~37
[57]魏德洲,秦煜民. H2O2在石油污染土壤微生物治理过程中的作用[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(5):429~432
[58]李丽,张利平,张元亮.石油烃类化合物降解菌研究概况[J].微生物学通报,2001,28(5):89~92
[59]Grishchekov V G, Townsend RT, McDonald T J, et al. Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by facultative anaerobic bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2000, 35:889~896
[60]曹启民,王华,郑良永,夏炜林,桑爱云.污染土壤的微生物修复机理及研究进展[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2006, 12(1):29~33
[61]张锡辉.高等环境化学与微生物学原理及应用[M],北京:化学工业出版社,2001, 69~71
[62]姜昌亮,孙铁珩,李培军,张春桂,张海荣,马学军,姚德明,杨桂芳.石油污染土壤长料堆式异位生物修复技术研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(2):279~282
[63]徐玉林.石油污染土壤降解与土壤的环境关系[J].农机化研究,2004,(6):86~88
[64]张逸飞,钟文辉,王国祥.微生物在污染环境生物修复中的应用[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(3):198~202
[65]魏德洲,秦煜民.表面活性剂对石油污染物生物降解的影响[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),1998,19(2):125~127
[66]Gunther, F., Fritsche W. Effect of ryegrass on biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil[J].Chemosphere, 1996,33:203~215
[67]刘世亮,骆永明,曹志洪,丁克强,蒋先军.多环芳烃污染土壤的微生物与植物联合修复研究进展[J].土壤,2002,34(5): 257~265
[68]Alexander M. Biodegradation and Bioremediation[M].San Diego: Academic Press,CA,1994.199~206.
[69]丁克强,骆永明,孙铁珩,李培军.通气对石油污染土壤生物修复的影响[J].土壤, 2001,33(4):185~188
[70]蔺昕,李培军,台培东,巩宗强,张海荣.石油污染土壤植物-微生物修复研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(1):93~100
[71]曾宪军,刘登魁.微生物修复受石油污染土壤的研究进展[J].湖南农业科学2006,(2):36~39
[72]桑伟莲,孔繁翔.植物修复研究进展[J].环境科学进展,1999,7(3):40~44
[73]Frederique Haus,Jean German,Guy-Alain Junter.Primary biodegraability of mineral base oils in relation to their chemical and physic characteristics[J].Chemosphere, 2001,45:983~990.
[74]张丽芳,姜承志,李东辉.表面活性剂对不同石油降解菌除油影响的研究[J].沈阳工业学院学报,2001,20(4):79~83.
[75]丁克强,骆永明,刘世亮,李振高.黑麦草对菲污染土壤修复的初步研究[J].土壤,2002,34(4):233~236
[76]冯晋阳,吴小宁.原油生物降解影响因素的试验研究[J].污染防治技术,2009,22 (1):1~3
[77]马溪平,付保荣,李法云,汲文华,张威,依艳丽.植物-微生物联合修复污染土壤的研究[J].中国公共卫生,2005 21(5):572~573