10kV配电网中性点接地方式的研究
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摘要
电力系统中性点接地方式是一个非常综合的技术问题,它与电网电压等级、电网结构、绝缘水平、供电可靠性、继电保护、电磁干扰、人身安全都有很大的关系。
过去我国10kV配电网主要采用中性点不接地和经消弧线圈接地方式,80年代中后期为适应城区电网的迅速发展,特别是电缆的大量使用后,出现了l0kV配电网中性点经低电阻接地方式,该运行方式先后在许多大中城市如广州、上海、北京、珠海等地采用。经多年的运行实践,各地普通认为低电阻接地方式比消弧线圈接地方式的过电压水平要低,但同时反映出的运行状况也存在较多的问题,主要是供电可靠性有所下降,还曾发生过多起人身伤亡事故。因此国内目前在10kV电网中性点接地运行方式的选择上出现较大的争议,争议点主要是两种接地方式的应用范围、供电可靠性的高低、人身安全、通信干扰和运行维护工作量等诸多方面。
本论文主要针对10kV配电网中性点接地运行方式的选择问题进行研究。论文首先对10kV配电网的中性点各种运行方式进行分析,比较不同运行方式的特点。然后以茅坪变电站10kV电网的实际参数来建立数值计算模型,在考虑了电网接地电容电流变化、接地点接地电阻值变化等多种影响因素的情况下,对中性点经消弧线圈接地和经低电阻接地方式下电网的过电压水平和接地点短路电流大小进行了仿真和计算,同时对各种接地方式对弧光过电压的限制也作了分析。
本文还计算了经消弧线圈接地方式下消弧线圈及相关设备的技术参数,做出合理选择,并最终实现消弧线圈接地的自动跟踪补偿。
It is an important technical problem to neutral grounding mode of the electric power system which associates with voltage level, network structure, insulation level, reliability of power supply, protective relaying, electromagnetic interference, and personal safety.
In China, the neutral grounding mode of the 10kV network used of none grounding, grounding by arc suppressing coils in the past. With the development of urban power network, especially the widespread use of cables, low resistance grounding mode was used to restrain the over voltage in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, and Zhuhai etc. It was reported that the over voltage level of low resistance grounding mode is lower than that of arc suppressing coil mode, but the operation carried out the other problems, including reliability of power supply rapidly dropping, and person safety being threatened. So interiorly the grounding mode selection of the 10kV network was disputed, which mainly focused on the fault form of 10kV network grounding, the apply area of arc suppressing coil grounding mode and low resistance grounding mode, reliability of power supply, person safety, communication interference and the work load of maintenance.
This paper studied on how to select the neutral grounding mode of 10kV network. Firstly it analyzed the characteristic of grounding modes about 10kV network. Then with the demonstration of Maoping substation in Hubei province, this paper built a numerical value equivalent model. Taking account of the transformation of the capacitive current or the variety of the grounding point resistance, it simulated the over voltage level and the grounding point short current value of the network with arc suppressing coil grounding mode or low resistance grounding mode, in addition, this paper discussed the problem of restrained arc over voltage.
In this paper , the technical parameters for the arc suppressing coil and associated equipment were calculated , and reasonable selection has been made to finally realize automatic tracing compensation for arc suppressing coil grounding mode.
过去我国10kV配电网主要采用中性点不接地和经消弧线圈接地方式,80年代中后期为适应城区电网的迅速发展,特别是电缆的大量使用后,出现了l0kV配电网中性点经低电阻接地方式,该运行方式先后在许多大中城市如广州、上海、北京、珠海等地采用。经多年的运行实践,各地普通认为低电阻接地方式比消弧线圈接地方式的过电压水平要低,但同时反映出的运行状况也存在较多的问题,主要是供电可靠性有所下降,还曾发生过多起人身伤亡事故。因此国内目前在10kV电网中性点接地运行方式的选择上出现较大的争议,争议点主要是两种接地方式的应用范围、供电可靠性的高低、人身安全、通信干扰和运行维护工作量等诸多方面。
本论文主要针对10kV配电网中性点接地运行方式的选择问题进行研究。论文首先对10kV配电网的中性点各种运行方式进行分析,比较不同运行方式的特点。然后以茅坪变电站10kV电网的实际参数来建立数值计算模型,在考虑了电网接地电容电流变化、接地点接地电阻值变化等多种影响因素的情况下,对中性点经消弧线圈接地和经低电阻接地方式下电网的过电压水平和接地点短路电流大小进行了仿真和计算,同时对各种接地方式对弧光过电压的限制也作了分析。
本文还计算了经消弧线圈接地方式下消弧线圈及相关设备的技术参数,做出合理选择,并最终实现消弧线圈接地的自动跟踪补偿。
It is an important technical problem to neutral grounding mode of the electric power system which associates with voltage level, network structure, insulation level, reliability of power supply, protective relaying, electromagnetic interference, and personal safety.
In China, the neutral grounding mode of the 10kV network used of none grounding, grounding by arc suppressing coils in the past. With the development of urban power network, especially the widespread use of cables, low resistance grounding mode was used to restrain the over voltage in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, and Zhuhai etc. It was reported that the over voltage level of low resistance grounding mode is lower than that of arc suppressing coil mode, but the operation carried out the other problems, including reliability of power supply rapidly dropping, and person safety being threatened. So interiorly the grounding mode selection of the 10kV network was disputed, which mainly focused on the fault form of 10kV network grounding, the apply area of arc suppressing coil grounding mode and low resistance grounding mode, reliability of power supply, person safety, communication interference and the work load of maintenance.
This paper studied on how to select the neutral grounding mode of 10kV network. Firstly it analyzed the characteristic of grounding modes about 10kV network. Then with the demonstration of Maoping substation in Hubei province, this paper built a numerical value equivalent model. Taking account of the transformation of the capacitive current or the variety of the grounding point resistance, it simulated the over voltage level and the grounding point short current value of the network with arc suppressing coil grounding mode or low resistance grounding mode, in addition, this paper discussed the problem of restrained arc over voltage.
In this paper , the technical parameters for the arc suppressing coil and associated equipment were calculated , and reasonable selection has been made to finally realize automatic tracing compensation for arc suppressing coil grounding mode.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国建设部,GB50293-1999,城市电力规划规范,北京:中国标准出版社,1999
[2] A.V.Wishtibeev,About duration operate of resistor for neutral grounding,Science and Technology,2003,Proceedings Korus 2003.The 7th Korea-Russia International Symposium,Volume 2,282~286,June 28~July 6,2003
[3] 要焕年,曹梅月,电力系统谐振接地,北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[4] 董振亚,城市配电网中性点接地方式的发展和改进,中国电力,1998,31 (8):38～41
[5] Dev Paul,S.I.Venugopalan,Low-resistance grounding method for medium voltage power systems,IEEE Industry Application,1991,27(8):1571~1578
[6] 弋东方,关于6～10kV电网中性点接地方式的讨论,电网技术,1998,22(7):27～30
[7] 董振亚,对当前城市电网建设和改造中若干技术热点问题的思考,电网技术,1999,23(3):66～70
[8] 中华人民共和国电力行业标准,DL/T 620-1997,交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合,北京:中国标准出版社,1997
[9] 万善良,上海市区配电网中性点接地方式的技术分析,上海电力,2006,(1):46~53
[10] 要焕年,曹梅月,电缆网络的中性点接地方式问题,电网技术,2003,27 (2):84～89
[11] Lou van der Sluis 著,王一宇,周于邦译,Transients in Power Systems,电力系统暂态,北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[12] D.D.Shipp,F.J.Angelini,Characteristics of different power systems neutral grounding techniques:fact and fiction. Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference,1990,Conference Record of 1990 Annual,18～22 June 1990
[13] 要焕年,曹梅月,论城乡中压电网的中性点接地方式,电力设备,2001, 2(3):5～21
[14] 游步新,重庆储奇门变电站10kV电网中性点接地方式研究:[硕士学位论文],重庆;重庆大学,2002
[15] A.J.Mazon,I.Zamora,L.Zabala et al,First resonant neutral grounding implantation in Spanish distribution system,Power Tech Proceedings,2001 IEEE Porto Volume 4:10～13,Sep,2001
[16] 李福寿,中性点非有效接地电网的运行,北京:水利电力出版社,1993
[17] 李文峰,新型主从式消弧线圈的研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;华北电力大学,2004
[18] 唐志平,供配电技术,北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[19] 林志超,中压电网系统中性点接地方式的选择与应用,高电压技术,2004,30(4):60~64
[20] 杜忠宝,10kV配电网中性点接地方式的选择:[硕士学位论文],南京;河海大学,2006,6
[21] 薛永强,邵玉槐,刘宝勤,零序导纳法馈线接地保护的研究,太原理工大学学报,2002,33(4):396~399
[22] 秦文杰,傅桂兴,毕建军等,一种新型谐振接地系统故障选线装置,电网技术,2005,29(11):80~83
[23] Mu Long-hua,Meng Qing-hai,Ground fault protection based on active component of zero-sequence current in resistance neutral grounded distribution systems,Proceedings of IEEE TENCON’02 2002,(3):28～31
[24] 黄华,中压系统中性点接地方式的安全可靠性分析,电力安全技术,2003,5(5):23～24
[25] 刘明岩,配电网中性点接地方式的选择,电网技术,2004,28(16):86～89
[26] 唐世宇,孙渝江,魏淑琼,重庆城市配电网中性点接地方式的改进,水电能源科技,2005,23(6):65～67
[27] 陈少伟,10kV配电网谐振接地优化方式与实施技术的研究:[硕士学位论文],广州;华南理工大学,2005,11
[28] 符信勇,余仁山,配电网电容电流测量及其实用性研究,长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),2005,20(4):30～33
[29] 吴天明,谢小竹,彭彬,MATLAB电力系统设计与分析,北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[30] 陈亚,任建文,不同接地方式配电系统的单相接地故障仿真分析,继电器,2005,33(5):67～71
[31] 李有铖,廖建平,10kV小电阻接地系统运行分析与评价,中国电力,2003,38(5):77~78
[32] 李晓明,袁勇,潘艳等,10kV小电阻接地系统特殊问题的研究,高电压技术,2003,29(5):39~41
[33] 陈先禄,田凤兰,许文强等,非线性电阻限制10 kV电网弧光接地过电压分析,重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(7):38~40
[34] 朱大萌,10~35kV电网单相接地电容电流自动跟踪补偿系统研究,电测与仪表,2004,41(8):39~41
[35] 平绍勋,陈玉书,电弧接地过电压和中性点电阻接地,农村电气化,1999,(4):29~30
[36] 杨文荣,中性点经消弧线圈接地的电力网脱谐度测量方法的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;河北工业大学,2000,6
[37] 赵书强,王晓华,梁志瑞等,中性点经电阻接地对配电网运行的影响,电力情报,1994,(2):42~45
[38] 张常全,赵裕民,老式消弧线圈存在的问题及改造的必要性,电网技术,2001,25(5):59~62
[39] 张玲,自动跟踪补偿消弧线圈装置的应用,电力学报,2006,21,(2):172~175
[40] 方瑜,配电网过电压,北京:水利电力出版社,1994
[41] 林盛雄,10 kV配网系统消弧线圈接地方式应用探讨,广东电力,2005,18(6):32~35
[42] 王崇林,中性点接地方式与消弧线圈,徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999
[43] 查拔骏,李京平,10kV系统中性点接地补偿装置及其主要设备的选择,农村电气化,2000,(8):19~20
[44] 李晨晖,对10kV电网过电压限制方法的研究,青海大学学报(自然科学版) 2002,20(4):31~34
[45] 宋宏伟,辛东海,关于消弧线圈阻尼电阻计算中若干问题的探讨,浙江电力,2000,(3):17~19
[2] A.V.Wishtibeev,About duration operate of resistor for neutral grounding,Science and Technology,2003,Proceedings Korus 2003.The 7th Korea-Russia International Symposium,Volume 2,282~286,June 28~July 6,2003
[3] 要焕年,曹梅月,电力系统谐振接地,北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[4] 董振亚,城市配电网中性点接地方式的发展和改进,中国电力,1998,31 (8):38～41
[5] Dev Paul,S.I.Venugopalan,Low-resistance grounding method for medium voltage power systems,IEEE Industry Application,1991,27(8):1571~1578
[6] 弋东方,关于6～10kV电网中性点接地方式的讨论,电网技术,1998,22(7):27～30
[7] 董振亚,对当前城市电网建设和改造中若干技术热点问题的思考,电网技术,1999,23(3):66～70
[8] 中华人民共和国电力行业标准,DL/T 620-1997,交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合,北京:中国标准出版社,1997
[9] 万善良,上海市区配电网中性点接地方式的技术分析,上海电力,2006,(1):46~53
[10] 要焕年,曹梅月,电缆网络的中性点接地方式问题,电网技术,2003,27 (2):84～89
[11] Lou van der Sluis 著,王一宇,周于邦译,Transients in Power Systems,电力系统暂态,北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[12] D.D.Shipp,F.J.Angelini,Characteristics of different power systems neutral grounding techniques:fact and fiction. Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference,1990,Conference Record of 1990 Annual,18～22 June 1990
[13] 要焕年,曹梅月,论城乡中压电网的中性点接地方式,电力设备,2001, 2(3):5～21
[14] 游步新,重庆储奇门变电站10kV电网中性点接地方式研究:[硕士学位论文],重庆;重庆大学,2002
[15] A.J.Mazon,I.Zamora,L.Zabala et al,First resonant neutral grounding implantation in Spanish distribution system,Power Tech Proceedings,2001 IEEE Porto Volume 4:10～13,Sep,2001
[16] 李福寿,中性点非有效接地电网的运行,北京:水利电力出版社,1993
[17] 李文峰,新型主从式消弧线圈的研究:[硕士学位论文],北京;华北电力大学,2004
[18] 唐志平,供配电技术,北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[19] 林志超,中压电网系统中性点接地方式的选择与应用,高电压技术,2004,30(4):60~64
[20] 杜忠宝,10kV配电网中性点接地方式的选择:[硕士学位论文],南京;河海大学,2006,6
[21] 薛永强,邵玉槐,刘宝勤,零序导纳法馈线接地保护的研究,太原理工大学学报,2002,33(4):396~399
[22] 秦文杰,傅桂兴,毕建军等,一种新型谐振接地系统故障选线装置,电网技术,2005,29(11):80~83
[23] Mu Long-hua,Meng Qing-hai,Ground fault protection based on active component of zero-sequence current in resistance neutral grounded distribution systems,Proceedings of IEEE TENCON’02 2002,(3):28～31
[24] 黄华,中压系统中性点接地方式的安全可靠性分析,电力安全技术,2003,5(5):23～24
[25] 刘明岩,配电网中性点接地方式的选择,电网技术,2004,28(16):86～89
[26] 唐世宇,孙渝江,魏淑琼,重庆城市配电网中性点接地方式的改进,水电能源科技,2005,23(6):65～67
[27] 陈少伟,10kV配电网谐振接地优化方式与实施技术的研究:[硕士学位论文],广州;华南理工大学,2005,11
[28] 符信勇,余仁山,配电网电容电流测量及其实用性研究,长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),2005,20(4):30～33
[29] 吴天明,谢小竹,彭彬,MATLAB电力系统设计与分析,北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[30] 陈亚,任建文,不同接地方式配电系统的单相接地故障仿真分析,继电器,2005,33(5):67～71
[31] 李有铖,廖建平,10kV小电阻接地系统运行分析与评价,中国电力,2003,38(5):77~78
[32] 李晓明,袁勇,潘艳等,10kV小电阻接地系统特殊问题的研究,高电压技术,2003,29(5):39~41
[33] 陈先禄,田凤兰,许文强等,非线性电阻限制10 kV电网弧光接地过电压分析,重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(7):38~40
[34] 朱大萌,10~35kV电网单相接地电容电流自动跟踪补偿系统研究,电测与仪表,2004,41(8):39~41
[35] 平绍勋,陈玉书,电弧接地过电压和中性点电阻接地,农村电气化,1999,(4):29~30
[36] 杨文荣,中性点经消弧线圈接地的电力网脱谐度测量方法的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;河北工业大学,2000,6
[37] 赵书强,王晓华,梁志瑞等,中性点经电阻接地对配电网运行的影响,电力情报,1994,(2):42~45
[38] 张常全,赵裕民,老式消弧线圈存在的问题及改造的必要性,电网技术,2001,25(5):59~62
[39] 张玲,自动跟踪补偿消弧线圈装置的应用,电力学报,2006,21,(2):172~175
[40] 方瑜,配电网过电压,北京:水利电力出版社,1994
[41] 林盛雄,10 kV配网系统消弧线圈接地方式应用探讨,广东电力,2005,18(6):32~35
[42] 王崇林,中性点接地方式与消弧线圈,徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999
[43] 查拔骏,李京平,10kV系统中性点接地补偿装置及其主要设备的选择,农村电气化,2000,(8):19~20
[44] 李晨晖,对10kV电网过电压限制方法的研究,青海大学学报(自然科学版) 2002,20(4):31~34
[45] 宋宏伟,辛东海,关于消弧线圈阻尼电阻计算中若干问题的探讨,浙江电力,2000,(3):17~19