高速铁路能力计算与评估之理论与方法研究
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摘要
铁路能力不仅是运输资源配置的基本条件,也是评价资源运用状况的重要指标；铁路能力计算&评估是一个比较经典的研究课题,具有一定的学术研究意义及实践应用价值。本文系统的分析评述国内外关于铁路能力计算&评估的理论与方法的主要发展脉络及发展趋势；针对能力计算准确性不尽如人意的现实问题,充分把握铁路能力的动态性和不确定性等特征,从基础设施物理拓扑结构——旅客市场需求——时刻表规划角度提出高速铁路列车服务——需求意向集合,以完成给定时间内列车服务——需求意向集合(TSDIS)所需占用基础设施时间为目标更新能力的衡量标准,构建时刻表规划阶段无运行图条件下高速铁路车站节点、线路和路网的能力计算与评估框架体系,提出相应的能力计算与评估的策略和方法,并给出具体的算法与案例应用,探讨优化的使用方式下高速铁路基础设施能力计算&评估之理论&方法。
本篇论文主要研究工作与创新点归纳总结如下：
1、提出了铁路能力计算&评估衡量的新标准
本篇论文根据能力的动态性和不确定性特征,依据高速铁路车站、线路、路网特点及其所服务的客流特征,结合不同时段作业要求,探讨从基础设施物理拓扑结构——旅客市场需求——时刻表规划角度定义高速铁路列车服务——需求意向集合(TSDIS),以完成特定的列车服务——需求意向集合(TSDIS)所需的基础设施占用时间作为衡量高速铁路能力的新标准。基于不同场景与条件,将高速铁路能力划分为基础能力、现实能力、可开发能力。
2、高速铁路能力计算&评估相关基础时间项的研究总结
铁路基础设施能力的影响因素众多,但大多影响结果最终都体现在时间维。本篇论文分析了列车运行的静态描述与动态过程,总结分析了闭塞时间与基础设施占用时间、间隔时间与最小间隔时间、缓冲时间及维修时间,改变目前铁路能力的单纯刚性计算而加入柔性分析,提高能力计算&评估结果的可信度与准确性。
3、混合类型条件下高速铁路列车运行计划的综合平衡分析
列车运行计划决定了铁路基础设施的使用方式,论文研究了在混合交通流条件下列车数、平均速度、稳定性、异质性及其相互影响关系,提出了Pareto最优状态下列车运行计划的综合平衡思想,以Pareto最优条件下的异质性数值作为铁路能力计算与评估、列车运行计划编制与评价的基本标准依据。
4、高速铁路能力计算&评估方法研究及案例应用
根据客流时空分布规律,从客流市场需求的角度,基于一定的服务质量要求,构建了一定服务质量条件下的高速铁路能力计算与评估体系。
(1)高速铁路车站能力计算&评估方法研究及案例应用
根据高速铁路车站自身特点及其所服务的客流特征,结合不同时段作业要求,定义并构建各时段特定场景的列车服务——需求意向集合t@s-tsdis,总结分析了几种高速铁路车站能力计算与评估策略,并提出总体层——局部层的双层模型体系计算&评估高速铁路车站能力,应用于某高速铁路车站BJSS,运用双层模型体系,在总体层得出了某时段BJSS站t@s-tsdis任务列表中列车占用车站股道的优化时序,并通过局部层的检验最终得出了完成BJSS站t@s-tsdis任务列表所需的时间(即BJSS站的时段能力),并指出BJSS站能力瓶颈所在。
(2)高速铁路线路能力计算&评估方法研究及案例应用
依据UIC406能力手册,将列车数、平均速度、异质性及稳定性作为能力使用的核心元素,定义了高速铁路线路列车服务——需求意向集t@l-tsdis,兼顾运输服务质量与铁路运营效益,构建多目标(最小化异质性、最大化可靠性、最小化运行时间)优化的高速铁路线路能力计算与评估模型(Mathematical Program for Line Capacity, MPLC),给出了MPLC以问题为导向的带约束的多目标滚动优化的模型求解算法(改进的Pareto存档进化策略与交互法相结合),并将模型与算法应用于京沪高速铁路线路能力计算与评估。
我国高速铁路线路可分为城际型、通道型、网络末端型,本文提出的高速铁路线路能力计算与评估的模型与算法不仅适用于京沪线这种通道型的,也同样适用于城际型及网络末端型高速铁路线路的能力计算与评估。
(3)高速铁路路网能力计算&评估
探讨了高速铁路列车服务网络设计问题,分析了网络化条件下轨道交通系统的能力,提出了高速铁路网络服务质量框架体系及高速铁路网络能力计算与评估的基本思路；针对高速铁路网是一个多级递阶控制系统的特点,分析了高速铁路的网络效应。
The railway capacity is not only the primary condition for the allocation of the railway resource, but also a key index for the evaluation of its usage. Calculation&evaluation of the railway capacity is a classic research topic, which implies the meaning for the academic research and the value for its application in the practice. This thesis analyses and evaluates the main development procedure of the theory&method for the calculation&evaluation of the railway capacity, including its trend of development. Aiming at the unsatisfied problem on the precision of the capacity calculation, grasping the characteristic of the dynamics and uncertainty of the railway capacity, from the angel of the topology of the physical infrastructure-passenger demand-timetable planning, this thesis proposes the high speed railway train service-demand intention set (TSDIS) and regards the time needed to complete the given TSDIS set as the updated criteria for the railway capacity. It builds the framework for the station\line\network of the high speed railway in the timetable planning phase and puts forward the corresponding strategy and methodology for the calculation&evaluation of the railway capacity, which are demonstrated in the application of the case. It explores the theory&method for the calculation&evaluation of the high speed railway infrastructure which is in the way of optimized usage.
The main contents of the thesis are summarized as following:
1.The updated criteria of the raiway capacity for its calculation&evaluation
According to the dynamics and uncertainty of the railway capacity and the characteristics of the passenger served by the station\line\network, combined with the railway operation requirement, from the angel of the topology of the physical infrastructure-passenger demand-timetable planning, this thesis defines the high speed railway train service-demand intention set (TSDIS) and takes the the time needed to complete the given TSDIS set as the updated criteria for the railway capacity. The railway capacity is classified as the basic capacity, the practical capacity and the developable capacity.
2.The basic empirical theory on the calculation&evaluation of the high speed railway capacity.
The railway capacity is effected by many factors, most of which embody on the time dimension. This thesis analyses the static description and the dynamic procedure of the train operation and summarises the blocking time&the occupation time of the infrastructure\the time interval&the minimum time interval\buffer time and the repair time, which introduce the flexible analysis changing the way of the current simpe rigid caluation of the railway capacity so as to improve its reliability and precision.
3. Analysis on comprehensive balance of the train operation plan for the high speed railway under mixed traffic condition
The train operation plan determines the usage of the railway infrastructure. This thesis analyses the number of trains\average speed\stability\heterogeneity and their mutual relationship. It proposes the idea of the comprehensive balance of the train operation plan under the Pareto optimum and takes the heterogeneity as the basic criteria for the railway capacity calculation&evaluation and the formation&evaluation of the train operation plan.
4. The methodology on the calculation&evaluation for the high speed railway capacity
Based on the temporal and spacial distribution characteristics of the passenger, from passenger market demand, this thesis builds the system of the high railway capacity calculation&evaluation under a certain service level.
(1) The methodology on the calculation&evaluation for the high speed railway station
According to the characteristics of the high speed railway station and the passengers it serves, combined with the raiway operation requirement in different temporal phrase, it defines the train service-demand intention set at station (t@s-tsdis), and it summarises some kinds of strategies for the calculation&evaluation of the high speed railway station. Also, it proposes the general layout level-regional layout level model system which is put into the application of the certaion high speed railway station BJSS. Taking advantage of the bilevel model system, it obtains the optimized trains occupation sequence on the station tracks for the BJSS list t@s-tsdis. By checking in the regional layout level, it achieves the time needed to complete the BJSS list t@s-tsdis (namely the temporal capacity of BJSS), and it gives out the bottleneck of the BJSS station.
(2) The methodology on the calculation&evaluation for the high speed railway line
According to the UIC406capacity leaflet, the number of trains, the average speed, the heterogeneity and the stability are regarded as the core elements of the capacity usage. This thesis defines the train service-demand intention set at the high speed railway line (t@l-tsdis). Considering both the train service quality and the benefit of the railway operation, it builds the multi-objectives (minimization of the heterogeneity, maximization of the reliability, minimization of the operation time) Mathematical Program for Line Capacity (MPLC) and gives out the problem-oriented rolling optimized solution method for the multi-objectives model with constraints (the combination of the improved Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy and the interaction method).The model and its solution method are applied on the Jing-Hu high speed railway.
The Chinese high speed railway can be classified as the type of intercity (such as Beijing-Tian, Shanghai-Hangzhou, etc), the type of channels (such as Beijing-Shanghai, Harbin-Dalian, etc), the type of network end (such as Xi'an-Lanzhou, Chongqing-Chengdu, etc).The model and its solution methods are adaptable to each of these kins of high speed railway lines.
(3) The methodology on the calculation&evaluation for the high speed railway network
This thesis discusses the design of the service network for the high speed railway and analyses the rail capacity under the condition of the network. It also proposes the system of the service quality framework and the basic mindmap for the high speed railway network. According to the characteristics of the multi-level control system of the railway network, it analyses the network effects of the high speed railway.
本篇论文主要研究工作与创新点归纳总结如下：
1、提出了铁路能力计算&评估衡量的新标准
本篇论文根据能力的动态性和不确定性特征,依据高速铁路车站、线路、路网特点及其所服务的客流特征,结合不同时段作业要求,探讨从基础设施物理拓扑结构——旅客市场需求——时刻表规划角度定义高速铁路列车服务——需求意向集合(TSDIS),以完成特定的列车服务——需求意向集合(TSDIS)所需的基础设施占用时间作为衡量高速铁路能力的新标准。基于不同场景与条件,将高速铁路能力划分为基础能力、现实能力、可开发能力。
2、高速铁路能力计算&评估相关基础时间项的研究总结
铁路基础设施能力的影响因素众多,但大多影响结果最终都体现在时间维。本篇论文分析了列车运行的静态描述与动态过程,总结分析了闭塞时间与基础设施占用时间、间隔时间与最小间隔时间、缓冲时间及维修时间,改变目前铁路能力的单纯刚性计算而加入柔性分析,提高能力计算&评估结果的可信度与准确性。
3、混合类型条件下高速铁路列车运行计划的综合平衡分析
列车运行计划决定了铁路基础设施的使用方式,论文研究了在混合交通流条件下列车数、平均速度、稳定性、异质性及其相互影响关系,提出了Pareto最优状态下列车运行计划的综合平衡思想,以Pareto最优条件下的异质性数值作为铁路能力计算与评估、列车运行计划编制与评价的基本标准依据。
4、高速铁路能力计算&评估方法研究及案例应用
根据客流时空分布规律,从客流市场需求的角度,基于一定的服务质量要求,构建了一定服务质量条件下的高速铁路能力计算与评估体系。
(1)高速铁路车站能力计算&评估方法研究及案例应用
根据高速铁路车站自身特点及其所服务的客流特征,结合不同时段作业要求,定义并构建各时段特定场景的列车服务——需求意向集合t@s-tsdis,总结分析了几种高速铁路车站能力计算与评估策略,并提出总体层——局部层的双层模型体系计算&评估高速铁路车站能力,应用于某高速铁路车站BJSS,运用双层模型体系,在总体层得出了某时段BJSS站t@s-tsdis任务列表中列车占用车站股道的优化时序,并通过局部层的检验最终得出了完成BJSS站t@s-tsdis任务列表所需的时间(即BJSS站的时段能力),并指出BJSS站能力瓶颈所在。
(2)高速铁路线路能力计算&评估方法研究及案例应用
依据UIC406能力手册,将列车数、平均速度、异质性及稳定性作为能力使用的核心元素,定义了高速铁路线路列车服务——需求意向集t@l-tsdis,兼顾运输服务质量与铁路运营效益,构建多目标(最小化异质性、最大化可靠性、最小化运行时间)优化的高速铁路线路能力计算与评估模型(Mathematical Program for Line Capacity, MPLC),给出了MPLC以问题为导向的带约束的多目标滚动优化的模型求解算法(改进的Pareto存档进化策略与交互法相结合),并将模型与算法应用于京沪高速铁路线路能力计算与评估。
我国高速铁路线路可分为城际型、通道型、网络末端型,本文提出的高速铁路线路能力计算与评估的模型与算法不仅适用于京沪线这种通道型的,也同样适用于城际型及网络末端型高速铁路线路的能力计算与评估。
(3)高速铁路路网能力计算&评估
探讨了高速铁路列车服务网络设计问题,分析了网络化条件下轨道交通系统的能力,提出了高速铁路网络服务质量框架体系及高速铁路网络能力计算与评估的基本思路；针对高速铁路网是一个多级递阶控制系统的特点,分析了高速铁路的网络效应。
The railway capacity is not only the primary condition for the allocation of the railway resource, but also a key index for the evaluation of its usage. Calculation&evaluation of the railway capacity is a classic research topic, which implies the meaning for the academic research and the value for its application in the practice. This thesis analyses and evaluates the main development procedure of the theory&method for the calculation&evaluation of the railway capacity, including its trend of development. Aiming at the unsatisfied problem on the precision of the capacity calculation, grasping the characteristic of the dynamics and uncertainty of the railway capacity, from the angel of the topology of the physical infrastructure-passenger demand-timetable planning, this thesis proposes the high speed railway train service-demand intention set (TSDIS) and regards the time needed to complete the given TSDIS set as the updated criteria for the railway capacity. It builds the framework for the station\line\network of the high speed railway in the timetable planning phase and puts forward the corresponding strategy and methodology for the calculation&evaluation of the railway capacity, which are demonstrated in the application of the case. It explores the theory&method for the calculation&evaluation of the high speed railway infrastructure which is in the way of optimized usage.
The main contents of the thesis are summarized as following:
1.The updated criteria of the raiway capacity for its calculation&evaluation
According to the dynamics and uncertainty of the railway capacity and the characteristics of the passenger served by the station\line\network, combined with the railway operation requirement, from the angel of the topology of the physical infrastructure-passenger demand-timetable planning, this thesis defines the high speed railway train service-demand intention set (TSDIS) and takes the the time needed to complete the given TSDIS set as the updated criteria for the railway capacity. The railway capacity is classified as the basic capacity, the practical capacity and the developable capacity.
2.The basic empirical theory on the calculation&evaluation of the high speed railway capacity.
The railway capacity is effected by many factors, most of which embody on the time dimension. This thesis analyses the static description and the dynamic procedure of the train operation and summarises the blocking time&the occupation time of the infrastructure\the time interval&the minimum time interval\buffer time and the repair time, which introduce the flexible analysis changing the way of the current simpe rigid caluation of the railway capacity so as to improve its reliability and precision.
3. Analysis on comprehensive balance of the train operation plan for the high speed railway under mixed traffic condition
The train operation plan determines the usage of the railway infrastructure. This thesis analyses the number of trains\average speed\stability\heterogeneity and their mutual relationship. It proposes the idea of the comprehensive balance of the train operation plan under the Pareto optimum and takes the heterogeneity as the basic criteria for the railway capacity calculation&evaluation and the formation&evaluation of the train operation plan.
4. The methodology on the calculation&evaluation for the high speed railway capacity
Based on the temporal and spacial distribution characteristics of the passenger, from passenger market demand, this thesis builds the system of the high railway capacity calculation&evaluation under a certain service level.
(1) The methodology on the calculation&evaluation for the high speed railway station
According to the characteristics of the high speed railway station and the passengers it serves, combined with the raiway operation requirement in different temporal phrase, it defines the train service-demand intention set at station (t@s-tsdis), and it summarises some kinds of strategies for the calculation&evaluation of the high speed railway station. Also, it proposes the general layout level-regional layout level model system which is put into the application of the certaion high speed railway station BJSS. Taking advantage of the bilevel model system, it obtains the optimized trains occupation sequence on the station tracks for the BJSS list t@s-tsdis. By checking in the regional layout level, it achieves the time needed to complete the BJSS list t@s-tsdis (namely the temporal capacity of BJSS), and it gives out the bottleneck of the BJSS station.
(2) The methodology on the calculation&evaluation for the high speed railway line
According to the UIC406capacity leaflet, the number of trains, the average speed, the heterogeneity and the stability are regarded as the core elements of the capacity usage. This thesis defines the train service-demand intention set at the high speed railway line (t@l-tsdis). Considering both the train service quality and the benefit of the railway operation, it builds the multi-objectives (minimization of the heterogeneity, maximization of the reliability, minimization of the operation time) Mathematical Program for Line Capacity (MPLC) and gives out the problem-oriented rolling optimized solution method for the multi-objectives model with constraints (the combination of the improved Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy and the interaction method).The model and its solution method are applied on the Jing-Hu high speed railway.
The Chinese high speed railway can be classified as the type of intercity (such as Beijing-Tian, Shanghai-Hangzhou, etc), the type of channels (such as Beijing-Shanghai, Harbin-Dalian, etc), the type of network end (such as Xi'an-Lanzhou, Chongqing-Chengdu, etc).The model and its solution methods are adaptable to each of these kins of high speed railway lines.
(3) The methodology on the calculation&evaluation for the high speed railway network
This thesis discusses the design of the service network for the high speed railway and analyses the rail capacity under the condition of the network. It also proposes the system of the service quality framework and the basic mindmap for the high speed railway network. According to the characteristics of the multi-level control system of the railway network, it analyses the network effects of the high speed railway.
引文
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