南八区井震结合构造及主力油层描述
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摘要
测井与地震资料的相互结合使用已成为大庆油田油气勘探开发研究中重要的技术工具之一,测井取得的相关信息可以高精度地反映出地层构造上的纵向信息,但是不是很彻底,只是一部分,而地震记录的相关自小却可以反映横向和纵向上地层的相关地质信息,但它也有不足,那就是分辨率较低,因此将测井、地震资料相结合使用,尽将测井垂向分辨率高的优势与地震资料在横向上面广量多的优势二者相结合,可以为油田勘探开发提供更丰富更准确的地质信息及相关依据。
现在一般的平面沉积微相的研究大多数是统计单井上各层段的地层厚度、砂岩厚度和含砂率等数据,考虑各井各层段的测井曲线形态,以井点为控制点,勾绘工区内的上述等值线图,进而在平面上分析砂体的展布状况以及确定工区的沉积微相展布。同时,近年来利用地震属性进行沉积微相研究也取得一定进展,利用地震属性分析技术与沉积环境相结合进行储层砂体展布规律的研究[1],地震属性分析技术与高分辨三维地震资料相结合进行储层沉积微相的研究[2]方兴未艾。
在国外,利用地震数据进行储层物性研究已获得较大的发展,其中主要包括以下几个方面：①综合测井资料和三维地震资料,采用克里金方法进行地质统计,研究砂岩孔隙度、厚度与地震属性之间的关系[3];②随着地震分辨率的提高,利用多种地震属性对储层物性中的孔隙度、含水饱和度、含盐量等参数进行评估和研究[4-6];③利用地质统计学方法,对储层物性(测井解释结果中的孔隙度、渗透率、含砂率)与提取的地震属性进行相关性分析,并进一步对平面上的物性分布情况进行预测[7]
2002年大庆物探公司完成了大庆长垣南八区地震采集、处理和解释工作,基本查清了T1～T5(重点为T1-T3下500m)各反射层特征及层问构造。2008年重新对本区进行面元10×10m的叠前时间偏移处理工作,成像效果和资料品质有较大提高。但是开发地震资料的解释和潜力研究工作一直没有系统进行,对井震结合小断层识别、小层精细储层预测、地震约束沉积相划分、三维地质建模和潜力研究也没有一个明确认识。
本文通过在选定的区域大庆长垣南八区内开展储层井震结合构造及主力油层描述研究,利用Geofacies和Petrel软件开展地震资料精细构造解释、井震结合小断层识别、小层精细储层预测、地震约束沉积相划分、三维地质建模和潜力研究工作。
通过研究完成了该地区的构造精细解释、小断层识别、微幅度构造特征、小层储层预测、沉积相划分、三维地质建模工作和潜力研究工作,建立了一套平面与剖面、二维与三维、地震与测井相结合的小断层解释方法与工作流程，并利用构造形成机制（逆牵引断层）及原理进行小断层精细识别与解释，大幅度提高了小断层识别精度，实现了3m断距小断层的精细识别，促进了大庆油田可持续产油。
Logging and seismic data, combined with each other has become one of the veryimportant technical tool in the Daqing oil field oil and gas exploration and developmentstudies and logging related information precision to reflect the longitudinal information on thestratum structure, but not very thorough.only part of the seismic records related to childhood,but reflect the horizontal and vertical on the formation of geological information, but it is alsoinadequate, that is, lower resolution, so will be logging, seismic data used in conjunction,although logging willthe combination of horizontal above a wide amount of the advantage ofboth vertical high-resolution advantage and seismic data for oil field exploration anddevelopment to provide a richer and more accurate geological information and related basis.Conventional flat microfacies study general statistics single well section of the stratigraphicthickness of the upper floors, sandstone thickness and sand the rate of data, consider the welllayers section of the log curve shape, well point to control the painting on work area of thecontour map, and then on a flat surface to analyze the distribution of the situation anddetermine the work area of sedimentary microfacies distribution of sand bodies. In recentyears, the use of seismic attributes Sedimentary Microfacies Study also made some progress,seismic attribute analysis and depositional environments of the combination of reservoir sandbody distribution law, seismic attribute analysis and high-resolution3D seismic informationon the combination of reservoir microfacies study in the ascendant.
Reservoir Properties in foreign countries, the use of seismic data has been considerabledevelopment, which mainly include the following aspects:(1) comprehensive log data and3Dseismic data, kriging geostatistical study for sandstone porosity the relationship between thethickness and seismic attributes;②with the improvement of seismic resolution, using avariety of seismic attributes to reservoir properties of porosity, water saturation, salt volumeparameters for evaluation and research;③the use of geostatistics (log interpretation results inporosity, permeability, sand ratio) and correlation analysis to extract seismic attributes toreservoir properties, and distribution of the properties on the plane to predict。
In2002, the Daqing Geophysical Company completed the South eight seismicacquisition, processing and interpretation work, the basic identification of T1~T5(focusingon the T1-T3under500m) reflecting layer characteristics and layer structure. This area in2008to resurface10×10m pre-stack time migration processing, imaging results, and dataquality has been improved greatly. But the development of seismic data interpretation andpotential research work has been no system. Relations of well shock combined with a smallfault identification, small layer of fine reservoir prediction, sedimentary facies of seismicconstraint, three-dimensional geological modeling and potential value of wells have not been understand.
In this paper, well shock of oil reservoir, geological structure with the main reservoir inSouth eight oil-producing region were descripted in detail and relations of well shockcombined with a small fault identification, small layer of fine reservoir prediction,sedimentary facies of seismic constraint, three-dimensional geological modeling and potentialvalue of wells were studied with the Geofacies and Petrel software.
Relations of fine interpretation of the structure in this region, identification of smallfaults, structural characteristics of the micro-amplitude, a small layer of reservoir prediction,sedimentary facies, three-dimensional geological modeling and potential value of wells werestudied. A completed methods and work process to study small faults with flat profile,two-dimension, three-dimensional geological models though methods of seismology and welllogging was set up. The recognition accuracy of the small faults was substantially increasedthough taking advantage of the structural formation mechanism (inverse traction fault) and theprinciple of small faults fine identification.3m breaking distance of small faults wasrecognited and sustainable oil production in Daqing Oilfield was performed.
现在一般的平面沉积微相的研究大多数是统计单井上各层段的地层厚度、砂岩厚度和含砂率等数据,考虑各井各层段的测井曲线形态,以井点为控制点,勾绘工区内的上述等值线图,进而在平面上分析砂体的展布状况以及确定工区的沉积微相展布。同时,近年来利用地震属性进行沉积微相研究也取得一定进展,利用地震属性分析技术与沉积环境相结合进行储层砂体展布规律的研究[1],地震属性分析技术与高分辨三维地震资料相结合进行储层沉积微相的研究[2]方兴未艾。
在国外,利用地震数据进行储层物性研究已获得较大的发展,其中主要包括以下几个方面：①综合测井资料和三维地震资料,采用克里金方法进行地质统计,研究砂岩孔隙度、厚度与地震属性之间的关系[3];②随着地震分辨率的提高,利用多种地震属性对储层物性中的孔隙度、含水饱和度、含盐量等参数进行评估和研究[4-6];③利用地质统计学方法,对储层物性(测井解释结果中的孔隙度、渗透率、含砂率)与提取的地震属性进行相关性分析,并进一步对平面上的物性分布情况进行预测[7]
2002年大庆物探公司完成了大庆长垣南八区地震采集、处理和解释工作,基本查清了T1～T5(重点为T1-T3下500m)各反射层特征及层问构造。2008年重新对本区进行面元10×10m的叠前时间偏移处理工作,成像效果和资料品质有较大提高。但是开发地震资料的解释和潜力研究工作一直没有系统进行,对井震结合小断层识别、小层精细储层预测、地震约束沉积相划分、三维地质建模和潜力研究也没有一个明确认识。
本文通过在选定的区域大庆长垣南八区内开展储层井震结合构造及主力油层描述研究,利用Geofacies和Petrel软件开展地震资料精细构造解释、井震结合小断层识别、小层精细储层预测、地震约束沉积相划分、三维地质建模和潜力研究工作。
通过研究完成了该地区的构造精细解释、小断层识别、微幅度构造特征、小层储层预测、沉积相划分、三维地质建模工作和潜力研究工作,建立了一套平面与剖面、二维与三维、地震与测井相结合的小断层解释方法与工作流程，并利用构造形成机制（逆牵引断层）及原理进行小断层精细识别与解释，大幅度提高了小断层识别精度，实现了3m断距小断层的精细识别，促进了大庆油田可持续产油。
Logging and seismic data, combined with each other has become one of the veryimportant technical tool in the Daqing oil field oil and gas exploration and developmentstudies and logging related information precision to reflect the longitudinal information on thestratum structure, but not very thorough.only part of the seismic records related to childhood,but reflect the horizontal and vertical on the formation of geological information, but it is alsoinadequate, that is, lower resolution, so will be logging, seismic data used in conjunction,although logging willthe combination of horizontal above a wide amount of the advantage ofboth vertical high-resolution advantage and seismic data for oil field exploration anddevelopment to provide a richer and more accurate geological information and related basis.Conventional flat microfacies study general statistics single well section of the stratigraphicthickness of the upper floors, sandstone thickness and sand the rate of data, consider the welllayers section of the log curve shape, well point to control the painting on work area of thecontour map, and then on a flat surface to analyze the distribution of the situation anddetermine the work area of sedimentary microfacies distribution of sand bodies. In recentyears, the use of seismic attributes Sedimentary Microfacies Study also made some progress,seismic attribute analysis and depositional environments of the combination of reservoir sandbody distribution law, seismic attribute analysis and high-resolution3D seismic informationon the combination of reservoir microfacies study in the ascendant.
Reservoir Properties in foreign countries, the use of seismic data has been considerabledevelopment, which mainly include the following aspects:(1) comprehensive log data and3Dseismic data, kriging geostatistical study for sandstone porosity the relationship between thethickness and seismic attributes;②with the improvement of seismic resolution, using avariety of seismic attributes to reservoir properties of porosity, water saturation, salt volumeparameters for evaluation and research;③the use of geostatistics (log interpretation results inporosity, permeability, sand ratio) and correlation analysis to extract seismic attributes toreservoir properties, and distribution of the properties on the plane to predict。
In2002, the Daqing Geophysical Company completed the South eight seismicacquisition, processing and interpretation work, the basic identification of T1~T5(focusingon the T1-T3under500m) reflecting layer characteristics and layer structure. This area in2008to resurface10×10m pre-stack time migration processing, imaging results, and dataquality has been improved greatly. But the development of seismic data interpretation andpotential research work has been no system. Relations of well shock combined with a smallfault identification, small layer of fine reservoir prediction, sedimentary facies of seismicconstraint, three-dimensional geological modeling and potential value of wells have not been understand.
In this paper, well shock of oil reservoir, geological structure with the main reservoir inSouth eight oil-producing region were descripted in detail and relations of well shockcombined with a small fault identification, small layer of fine reservoir prediction,sedimentary facies of seismic constraint, three-dimensional geological modeling and potentialvalue of wells were studied with the Geofacies and Petrel software.
Relations of fine interpretation of the structure in this region, identification of smallfaults, structural characteristics of the micro-amplitude, a small layer of reservoir prediction,sedimentary facies, three-dimensional geological modeling and potential value of wells werestudied. A completed methods and work process to study small faults with flat profile,two-dimension, three-dimensional geological models though methods of seismology and welllogging was set up. The recognition accuracy of the small faults was substantially increasedthough taking advantage of the structural formation mechanism (inverse traction fault) and theprinciple of small faults fine identification.3m breaking distance of small faults wasrecognited and sustainable oil production in Daqing Oilfield was performed.
引文
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[18]吴永彬等.基于PETREL的油藏三维可视化地质建模技术[J].钻采工艺.2007年5期:85-86
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[2] Zhao J.Application of the seismic attribution technique in thestudy ofsedimentary facies[J]. Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum.2004.43:67-69(inChinese).
[3] Todorov I T. Integration of3C-3D seismic data and well logsfor rock propertyestimation[D]. Alberta: University of Cal-gary.2000:53-80.
[4] Ai-marhoun M I. Application of multi-seismic attributes inestimating reservoirproperties[D]. Saudi Arabia: King FahdUniversity of Petroleum and Mineral.1997:11-20.
[5] Hart B S. Validating seismic attribute studies: beyond statis-tics[J]. The LeadingEdge.2002.21(10):1016-1021.
[6] Tebo J M. Use of volume-based3-D seismic attribute analysisto characterizephysical property distribution:a case study todelineate reservoir heterogeneity atthe Appltion Field. SWAlabama[D]. Montréal: McGill University.2003:22-30.
[7] Costa F. Rodriguez C.Sarzenski D. et al. Using seismic at-tributes inpetrophysical reservoir characterization[J]. Amer-ica:2007. SPE107935:1-5.[8]Zhao Z Z, Zhao X Z. Wang Y M. et al. Theories and applica-
[8]吴国平，徐忠祥.用灰色关联法计算储层孔隙度[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版).2000.24(1):107-108
[9]许云书.利用灰色关联分析判别储层含油气性的思考[J].统计与信息论坛.2004年2期:17-18
[10]于兴河，李胜利，赵舒等.河流相油气储层的井震结合相控随机建模约束方法[J].地学前缘.2008.15(4)：33-41
[11]李庆忠，张进等.河道砂储集层的研究方法[C]中国海洋大学出版社.2006：1-3
[12]李松凯等.朝阳沟油田扶余油层沉积微相研究[J].内蒙古石油化工，2010年10期:24-25
[13]束青林.孤岛油田河流相储层结构与剩余油分布规律研究[J].中国科学院广州地球化学研究所2005年:107-108
[14]关进宏.喇嘛甸油田高含水后期多学科油藏开发研究[J].大庆石油学院，2007年:65-68
[15]杨喜贵.三肇凹陷葡萄花油层沉积特征及对油气分布的控制[J].大庆石油地质与开发.2009年1期:66-67
[16]孙继业.前48区扶扬油层沉积微相研究[D].浙江大学地球科学系.2009
[17]孙赓轶.大庆长垣中部地区下白垩统泉头组砂体分布规律[J].浙江大学，2011期:154-156
[18]吴永彬等.基于PETREL的油藏三维可视化地质建模技术[J].钻采工艺.2007年5期:85-86
[19]刘春阳.石油地质三维数据场可视化[D].中国科学院计算技术研究所
[20]曹代勇等.地质构造三维可视化模型探讨[J].地质与勘探，2001，37（4）：60-62
[21]杜文凤.相干体技术在煤田三维地震勘探中的应用[J].中国煤田地质，1998
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