大跨径预应力混凝土连续梁桥的施工控制
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摘要
随着近二十年来我国交通事业的发展,大跨径预应力混凝土桥梁得到了更加广泛的应用。同时,为保证在施工过程中桥梁的安全性,对大跨径预应力混凝土桥梁进行施工控制已逐渐被人们所重视。连续梁桥由于其变形小、结构刚度好、养护简易等优点,使其在现代大跨径桥梁结构中处于有利的竞争地位,因此有必要对连续梁桥的施工技术作更进一步的研究。灰色预测控制具有适时性好、较高的准确性以及控制简便等特点,并且能够基于连续梁桥施工的未来态势作超前一步预测,做到防患于未然。
在施工控制中,准确量测实桥混凝土收缩徐变变形规律是施工控制的关键项目之一,大桥的应力监测中扣除混凝土收缩徐变对测量值的影响是很有必要的。由于混凝土的导热性能较差,故太阳辐射和大气温度的升高会使混凝土箱梁产生温度分布的差异,这种差异主要体现在箱梁截面的竖直方向。箱梁的应力受温度变化的影响较大。温度变化对箱梁悬臂根部断面而言,其对截面上缘应力影响较截面下缘应力影响大。
本论文结合江西省丰城电厂铁路专用线跨赣江特大桥的修建,从以下四个方面进行了研究:
(1)利用桥梁结构分析程序,分析赣江特大桥主桥施工过程中的受力情况:
(2)基于灰色系统理论和现代预测控制理论,结合大跨径连续梁桥的施工特点,拟提出大跨径连续梁桥施工的灰色预测控制系统,并在赣江特大桥主桥施工控制过程中验证其有效性;
(3)分析混凝土收缩徐变效应对施工中大跨径桥梁应力测试的影响;
(4)根据现场实测箱梁断面各处的温度,分析出箱梁顶板、底板在竖向和横向的温度分布情况以及腹板的温度分布,并进一步分析太阳辐射等作用形成的温度荷载对混凝土箱梁受力状态的影响。
In the last two decades, with the development of the communications, long-span prestressed concrete bridges have found more wide applications. At the same time, when such bridges are under construction, people put great emphasis on its construction control in order to guarantee the safety. The merits, hard to deform, good structure rigidity and simple maintenance and so on, place continuous bridges on a good competitive position among modem long-span bridge structure. Then, It is necessary to make further research on such bridges' construction technology.
In the process of construction control, accurately searching for the rules of deformation of concrete's shrink and creep is one of the crucial projects. When we monitor bridge's stress, it is necessary to remote the influence of concrete's shrink and creep on measured value. Due to concrete's poor heat conduction, the solar radiation and the rise of atmospheric temperature will make concrete box girder cause different heat distribution. This phenomenon principally reflects on the vertical direction of box girder's section. Temperature changement has very big influence to the stress of box girder. As to the section of the base area of box girder of the cantilever arm, temperature changement has larger influence upon upper stress than upon down stress.
Combining the construction of the GanJiang bridge, on which across the railway siding which specially used by Jiangxi Fengcheng Electric Power plant, the article make research in the following four aspects:
1. By using the analysis system of bridge construction, analyze stress situation of the primary part of GanJiang bridge when it is under construction.
2. On the basis of the theory of grey system and of the modern predictive control, combining the construction features of the long-span continuous bridge, propose grey predictive control system. When building GanJiang Bridge, putting the theory into practice and testing its validity.
3. Analyze the effect of concrete's shrink and creep exerts influence on the stress testing of long-span bridge.
4. According to datas of temperature got from spot testing, analyze the temperature distribution on respective section: vertical direction, lateral direction of top and bottom of box girder, and of ventral shield, making further analysis of heat load's influence to the stress situation of concrete box girder. Such kind of heat load caused by effects of solar vadiation .
在施工控制中,准确量测实桥混凝土收缩徐变变形规律是施工控制的关键项目之一,大桥的应力监测中扣除混凝土收缩徐变对测量值的影响是很有必要的。由于混凝土的导热性能较差,故太阳辐射和大气温度的升高会使混凝土箱梁产生温度分布的差异,这种差异主要体现在箱梁截面的竖直方向。箱梁的应力受温度变化的影响较大。温度变化对箱梁悬臂根部断面而言,其对截面上缘应力影响较截面下缘应力影响大。
本论文结合江西省丰城电厂铁路专用线跨赣江特大桥的修建,从以下四个方面进行了研究:
(1)利用桥梁结构分析程序,分析赣江特大桥主桥施工过程中的受力情况:
(2)基于灰色系统理论和现代预测控制理论,结合大跨径连续梁桥的施工特点,拟提出大跨径连续梁桥施工的灰色预测控制系统,并在赣江特大桥主桥施工控制过程中验证其有效性;
(3)分析混凝土收缩徐变效应对施工中大跨径桥梁应力测试的影响;
(4)根据现场实测箱梁断面各处的温度,分析出箱梁顶板、底板在竖向和横向的温度分布情况以及腹板的温度分布,并进一步分析太阳辐射等作用形成的温度荷载对混凝土箱梁受力状态的影响。
In the last two decades, with the development of the communications, long-span prestressed concrete bridges have found more wide applications. At the same time, when such bridges are under construction, people put great emphasis on its construction control in order to guarantee the safety. The merits, hard to deform, good structure rigidity and simple maintenance and so on, place continuous bridges on a good competitive position among modem long-span bridge structure. Then, It is necessary to make further research on such bridges' construction technology.
In the process of construction control, accurately searching for the rules of deformation of concrete's shrink and creep is one of the crucial projects. When we monitor bridge's stress, it is necessary to remote the influence of concrete's shrink and creep on measured value. Due to concrete's poor heat conduction, the solar radiation and the rise of atmospheric temperature will make concrete box girder cause different heat distribution. This phenomenon principally reflects on the vertical direction of box girder's section. Temperature changement has very big influence to the stress of box girder. As to the section of the base area of box girder of the cantilever arm, temperature changement has larger influence upon upper stress than upon down stress.
Combining the construction of the GanJiang bridge, on which across the railway siding which specially used by Jiangxi Fengcheng Electric Power plant, the article make research in the following four aspects:
1. By using the analysis system of bridge construction, analyze stress situation of the primary part of GanJiang bridge when it is under construction.
2. On the basis of the theory of grey system and of the modern predictive control, combining the construction features of the long-span continuous bridge, propose grey predictive control system. When building GanJiang Bridge, putting the theory into practice and testing its validity.
3. Analyze the effect of concrete's shrink and creep exerts influence on the stress testing of long-span bridge.
4. According to datas of temperature got from spot testing, analyze the temperature distribution on respective section: vertical direction, lateral direction of top and bottom of box girder, and of ventral shield, making further analysis of heat load's influence to the stress situation of concrete box girder. Such kind of heat load caused by effects of solar vadiation .
引文
[1]李坚.我国预应力混凝土连续梁桥的发展与工程实践.中国市政工程,1999,(总87):36-39
[2]杨高中.连续刚构桥在我国的应用和发展.公路.1998,(6):1-7
[3]杜国华.桥梁结构分析.同济大学出版社,1997
[4]孙学先,杨子江,刘风奎.预应力混凝-曲线连续刚构桥梁悬臂灌注施工中的线形控制方法[J].土木工程学报,1999(4)
[5]Walter padtoiny,Jr.Ph.D.,PE.(美)小波尔特·波多尔尼.预应力混凝土桥梁分段施工控制和设计[J],1986
[6]范立础.预应力混凝土连续梁桥,人民交通出版社.1988
[7]顾安邦,常英,乐云祥.大跨径预应力连续刚构桥施工控制的理论与方法.重庆交通学院学报,1999,18(4):47-53
[8]楼庄鸿.对预应力混凝土连续刚构几个问题的认识[J].2004全国桥梁结构学术大会论文集,2004
[9]陈海学,蒋向阳.预应力混凝土连续梁悬灌法施工的线形控制[J].桥梁建设,1998(2)
[10]刘建勋.三滩黄河大桥施工监控技术研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2002
[11]戴竟主编.2000年桥梁学术讨论会论文集,北京:人民交通出版社,2000.272-280
[12]吴国忠,钟正强.大跨度连续梁桥施工控制[J].中外公路,2003,2(1)
[13]向中富.桥梁施工控制技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[14]汪哲荪.刚构-连续箱梁桥悬臂浇筑法施工挠度控制[J].华东公路,1998(3)
[15]邹海云.大跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥施工控制技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2003
[16]邓聚龙.灰色控制系统[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993
[17]罗凤林,谢邦珠.预应办混凝土连续刚构构桥的几个问题探讨[J].第二届全国公路科技创新高层论坛论文集 2004
[18]周履、陈永春.收缩徐变[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994
[19]范立础.桥梁工程(上、下册)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996年第二版
[20]程翔云.悬臂施工中的预拱度设置[J].桥梁建设,1995(7)
[21]刘建勋.三滩黄河大桥施工监控技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2002
[22]高淑照.灰色系统理论及在混凝土桥梁挠度变形监测中的应用[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2002
[23]周永水.大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工误差调整的Kalman滤波法.重庆交通学院学报,2000,19(3):13-15
[24]常英.卡尔曼虑波法在预应力连续刚构桥施工控制中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆交通学院,1999
[25]张永水,顾安邦.灰色系统理论在连续刚构桥施工控制中的应用[J].公路,2001,3(6)
[26]徐君兰主编.大跨度桥梁施工控制.人民交通出版社.2000年8月
[27]贺栓海.桥梁结构理论与计算方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[28]葛耀君.分段施工桥梁分析与控制[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[29]邓聚龙.灰色预测与决策[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1986
[30]周光伟.大跨预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工控制研究及温度效应分析[D]:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2003
[31]陈树礼,苏木标,张文学.混凝土连续梁桥施工阶段应力监测研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2004(9)
[32]艾晓东,何志勇.预应力混凝土连续梁悬臂法施工应力监测[J].铁道标准设计,1999(5)
[33]周德云、林元培.斜拉桥温度影响分析方法.华东公路,1990.4
[34]李全林.日照下混凝土箱梁温度场和温度应力研究.湖南大学硕士论文,2004.5
[35]刘成龙、陈强.温度对悬浇法施工桥梁长悬臂箱梁标高的影响及其对策.公路交通科技,2002.2
[36]Kitahara M,Achenbach J D,Guo Q C.Neural network for crack-depth determination from ultrasonic backscattering data.Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation 708 Review of 1992,11:701
[37]P.A.Devijver.Relationships between statistical risks and the least-mean-square error design criterion in Pattern Recognition,in proc.First Int.Joint Conf.pattern Recognition,Washington,Nov.1973 pp.139-148
[38]David Lowe and Andrew R,Webb.Optimized Feature Extraction and the Bayes Decision in Feed Forward Ciassifier Networks,IEEE TRANS.On PATTERN ANAL YSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE,Vol.13,No.4,April,1991
[39]Aiello N.A comparative study of control for expert systems.AGEimolemkentation of three variations of PUFF.Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence,1983(1-4)
[40]Allen C.Estes,Dan M.Frangopol.Repair Optimization Of Highway Bridges Using System Reliability Approach.Journal Of Structural Engineering.1999,6:P766-775
[41]Virote Boonyapinyo,Toshio Miyata,Hitoshi Yamada.Advanced Aerodynamic Analysis Of Suspension Bridges By State-Space Approach.Journal Of Structural Engineering.1999,12:P1357-1365
[42]何旭辉,裘伯永.对预应力混凝土连续梁悬拼施工有关问题的探讨[J].铁道建筑技术2000(1)
[43]刘孝军,朱华民.福州三县洲闽江大桥施工监控[J].桥梁建设.2000.02
[44]孙华斌,李树东盛勇.卡尔曼滤波法在系杆拱吊杆张拉施工中的应用[J].西安公路交通大学学报.2000.04
[45]张宝才,徐祯祥.跨海预应力混凝土大桥工程监测分析[J].铁道建筑.2000.04
[46]刘效尧.梁桥损伤识别的神经网络设计[J].华东公路.2000.02
[2]杨高中.连续刚构桥在我国的应用和发展.公路.1998,(6):1-7
[3]杜国华.桥梁结构分析.同济大学出版社,1997
[4]孙学先,杨子江,刘风奎.预应力混凝-曲线连续刚构桥梁悬臂灌注施工中的线形控制方法[J].土木工程学报,1999(4)
[5]Walter padtoiny,Jr.Ph.D.,PE.(美)小波尔特·波多尔尼.预应力混凝土桥梁分段施工控制和设计[J],1986
[6]范立础.预应力混凝土连续梁桥,人民交通出版社.1988
[7]顾安邦,常英,乐云祥.大跨径预应力连续刚构桥施工控制的理论与方法.重庆交通学院学报,1999,18(4):47-53
[8]楼庄鸿.对预应力混凝土连续刚构几个问题的认识[J].2004全国桥梁结构学术大会论文集,2004
[9]陈海学,蒋向阳.预应力混凝土连续梁悬灌法施工的线形控制[J].桥梁建设,1998(2)
[10]刘建勋.三滩黄河大桥施工监控技术研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2002
[11]戴竟主编.2000年桥梁学术讨论会论文集,北京:人民交通出版社,2000.272-280
[12]吴国忠,钟正强.大跨度连续梁桥施工控制[J].中外公路,2003,2(1)
[13]向中富.桥梁施工控制技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[14]汪哲荪.刚构-连续箱梁桥悬臂浇筑法施工挠度控制[J].华东公路,1998(3)
[15]邹海云.大跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥施工控制技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2003
[16]邓聚龙.灰色控制系统[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1993
[17]罗凤林,谢邦珠.预应办混凝土连续刚构构桥的几个问题探讨[J].第二届全国公路科技创新高层论坛论文集 2004
[18]周履、陈永春.收缩徐变[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994
[19]范立础.桥梁工程(上、下册)[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1996年第二版
[20]程翔云.悬臂施工中的预拱度设置[J].桥梁建设,1995(7)
[21]刘建勋.三滩黄河大桥施工监控技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学,2002
[22]高淑照.灰色系统理论及在混凝土桥梁挠度变形监测中的应用[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2002
[23]周永水.大跨度预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工误差调整的Kalman滤波法.重庆交通学院学报,2000,19(3):13-15
[24]常英.卡尔曼虑波法在预应力连续刚构桥施工控制中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆交通学院,1999
[25]张永水,顾安邦.灰色系统理论在连续刚构桥施工控制中的应用[J].公路,2001,3(6)
[26]徐君兰主编.大跨度桥梁施工控制.人民交通出版社.2000年8月
[27]贺栓海.桥梁结构理论与计算方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2003
[28]葛耀君.分段施工桥梁分析与控制[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[29]邓聚龙.灰色预测与决策[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1986
[30]周光伟.大跨预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工控制研究及温度效应分析[D]:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2003
[31]陈树礼,苏木标,张文学.混凝土连续梁桥施工阶段应力监测研究[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2004(9)
[32]艾晓东,何志勇.预应力混凝土连续梁悬臂法施工应力监测[J].铁道标准设计,1999(5)
[33]周德云、林元培.斜拉桥温度影响分析方法.华东公路,1990.4
[34]李全林.日照下混凝土箱梁温度场和温度应力研究.湖南大学硕士论文,2004.5
[35]刘成龙、陈强.温度对悬浇法施工桥梁长悬臂箱梁标高的影响及其对策.公路交通科技,2002.2
[36]Kitahara M,Achenbach J D,Guo Q C.Neural network for crack-depth determination from ultrasonic backscattering data.Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation 708 Review of 1992,11:701
[37]P.A.Devijver.Relationships between statistical risks and the least-mean-square error design criterion in Pattern Recognition,in proc.First Int.Joint Conf.pattern Recognition,Washington,Nov.1973 pp.139-148
[38]David Lowe and Andrew R,Webb.Optimized Feature Extraction and the Bayes Decision in Feed Forward Ciassifier Networks,IEEE TRANS.On PATTERN ANAL YSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE,Vol.13,No.4,April,1991
[39]Aiello N.A comparative study of control for expert systems.AGEimolemkentation of three variations of PUFF.Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence,1983(1-4)
[40]Allen C.Estes,Dan M.Frangopol.Repair Optimization Of Highway Bridges Using System Reliability Approach.Journal Of Structural Engineering.1999,6:P766-775
[41]Virote Boonyapinyo,Toshio Miyata,Hitoshi Yamada.Advanced Aerodynamic Analysis Of Suspension Bridges By State-Space Approach.Journal Of Structural Engineering.1999,12:P1357-1365
[42]何旭辉,裘伯永.对预应力混凝土连续梁悬拼施工有关问题的探讨[J].铁道建筑技术2000(1)
[43]刘孝军,朱华民.福州三县洲闽江大桥施工监控[J].桥梁建设.2000.02
[44]孙华斌,李树东盛勇.卡尔曼滤波法在系杆拱吊杆张拉施工中的应用[J].西安公路交通大学学报.2000.04
[45]张宝才,徐祯祥.跨海预应力混凝土大桥工程监测分析[J].铁道建筑.2000.04
[46]刘效尧.梁桥损伤识别的神经网络设计[J].华东公路.2000.02