长春地区奶牛乳房炎的流行病学调查
摘要
奶牛乳房炎是制约乳业发展的重要因素之一,而且其发病有其地区性,为了调查清楚长春地区奶牛乳房炎的发病原因,本人对长春地区的几个大型奶牛场乳房炎发病情况进行了调查,以临床型乳房炎和隐性型乳房炎两种类型为着眼点,通过临床症状诊断法确定临床型乳房炎的病例,用LMT法和乳汁pH值检验法相结合诊断隐性型乳房炎的发病情况,其中临床型乳房炎的发病率为14.7%(220/1500);隐性乳房炎的发病率为31.6%(474/1500)。临床型乳房炎的乳区阳性率为5.51%(323/5858),隐性乳房炎的乳区阳性率为21.10%(1236/5858)。
通过对奶样的细菌分离培养鉴定,共分离出15种病原体,728株,引起两种类型乳房炎的主要病原微生物为葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠杆菌,引起长春地区奶牛乳房炎的病原体主要是葡萄球菌,占40.45%、杆菌,占33.46%(大肠杆菌21.49%,圈养与放牧相结合,粪便污染草场)、链球菌,占25.06%及其它菌(酵母菌1.03%)。为长春地区乳房炎的治疗和预防提供了参考。
通过对发病情况及被检牛的胎次、年龄、泌乳阶段、饲养管理、卫生等情况的了解得出,随着年龄的增加,乳房炎的发病率有明显的上升;随着胎次的增加,发病率也有所上升,而以初产牛发病率最低,以7胎以上发病率最高;泌乳阶段与乳房炎发病率有密切的关系,泌乳后期阳性率最高,其次是300天以上、泌乳中期及泌乳早期;各乳区均可发生乳房炎。
乳房炎的发生是一个多因素疾病,因此要全面加强饲养管理,控制环境及牛体卫生,减少传染性致病菌的交叉感染。
Cow mastitis is a main factor that restricts the development of dairy industry and it has a regional feature. In order to make clear the reason of the mastitis in Changchun region, the author investigated the mastitis situation of several big cattle farms in Changchun region. Taking clinical cow mastitis and sub clinical mastitis as research objects, the clinical cow mastitis were diagnosed by clinic symptoms, the sub clinical cow mastitis were diagnosed by LMT and PH test. The incidence of clinic cow mastitis was 14.7 % (22/1500); the incidence of sub clinical cow mastitis was 31.6% (474/1500). The udder region positive incidence of clinical mastitis was 5.51% (323/5858); the udder region positive incidence of sub clinical mastitis was 21.10% (1236/5858).
Through the isolation, culture and identification of bacteria in milk sample, fifteen kinds pathogens were identified from 728 strains bacteria. The main pathogenic microorganisms causing the two kinds cow mastitis were staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia. The main pathogens which caused the cow mastitis in Changchun region were staphylococci accounting for 40.45%, bacilli accounting for 33.46%(Escherichia accounting for 21.49% because of the combination of stable breeding and grazing as well as the pollution of dropping on the grassland), streptococci accounting for 25.06% and other bacteria (Microzyme accounting for 1.03%). These data provided references for preventing and curing the cow mastitis in Changchun region.
Through the surveys on the situation of disease, the age, parity, lactation stage, feeding management and sanitation, it was known that the incidence of mastitis increased with age and parity, primiparous cow had the lowest incidence of mastitis. Cow over 7 parties had the highest incidence of mastitis; the lactation stage had intimate relations with the incidence of mastitis, the cow during the later lactation stage had the highest incidence of mastitis, the following was the cow during the period over 300 days, middle lactation stage and early lactation stage; mastitis could happen to every udder region.
Mastitis is a kind disease caused by multiple factors, so it is very necessary to strength the feeding management, control the sanitary of environment and cow body and reduce the cross infection of contagious pathogenic bacteria.
通过对奶样的细菌分离培养鉴定,共分离出15种病原体,728株,引起两种类型乳房炎的主要病原微生物为葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠杆菌,引起长春地区奶牛乳房炎的病原体主要是葡萄球菌,占40.45%、杆菌,占33.46%(大肠杆菌21.49%,圈养与放牧相结合,粪便污染草场)、链球菌,占25.06%及其它菌(酵母菌1.03%)。为长春地区乳房炎的治疗和预防提供了参考。
通过对发病情况及被检牛的胎次、年龄、泌乳阶段、饲养管理、卫生等情况的了解得出,随着年龄的增加,乳房炎的发病率有明显的上升;随着胎次的增加,发病率也有所上升,而以初产牛发病率最低,以7胎以上发病率最高;泌乳阶段与乳房炎发病率有密切的关系,泌乳后期阳性率最高,其次是300天以上、泌乳中期及泌乳早期;各乳区均可发生乳房炎。
乳房炎的发生是一个多因素疾病,因此要全面加强饲养管理,控制环境及牛体卫生,减少传染性致病菌的交叉感染。
Cow mastitis is a main factor that restricts the development of dairy industry and it has a regional feature. In order to make clear the reason of the mastitis in Changchun region, the author investigated the mastitis situation of several big cattle farms in Changchun region. Taking clinical cow mastitis and sub clinical mastitis as research objects, the clinical cow mastitis were diagnosed by clinic symptoms, the sub clinical cow mastitis were diagnosed by LMT and PH test. The incidence of clinic cow mastitis was 14.7 % (22/1500); the incidence of sub clinical cow mastitis was 31.6% (474/1500). The udder region positive incidence of clinical mastitis was 5.51% (323/5858); the udder region positive incidence of sub clinical mastitis was 21.10% (1236/5858).
Through the isolation, culture and identification of bacteria in milk sample, fifteen kinds pathogens were identified from 728 strains bacteria. The main pathogenic microorganisms causing the two kinds cow mastitis were staphylococci, streptococci and Escherichia. The main pathogens which caused the cow mastitis in Changchun region were staphylococci accounting for 40.45%, bacilli accounting for 33.46%(Escherichia accounting for 21.49% because of the combination of stable breeding and grazing as well as the pollution of dropping on the grassland), streptococci accounting for 25.06% and other bacteria (Microzyme accounting for 1.03%). These data provided references for preventing and curing the cow mastitis in Changchun region.
Through the surveys on the situation of disease, the age, parity, lactation stage, feeding management and sanitation, it was known that the incidence of mastitis increased with age and parity, primiparous cow had the lowest incidence of mastitis. Cow over 7 parties had the highest incidence of mastitis; the lactation stage had intimate relations with the incidence of mastitis, the cow during the later lactation stage had the highest incidence of mastitis, the following was the cow during the period over 300 days, middle lactation stage and early lactation stage; mastitis could happen to every udder region.
Mastitis is a kind disease caused by multiple factors, so it is very necessary to strength the feeding management, control the sanitary of environment and cow body and reduce the cross infection of contagious pathogenic bacteria.
引文
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3. 陈永生,奶牛乳房炎受主要气象因素影响的分析. 中国奶牛, 1994,⑷:27-29
4. 程振涛,王开功. 奶牛乳房炎发生的原因及诊断防治综述[J]贵州畜牧兽医 , 2005,(02)
5. 东秀珠,蔡妙英,常见细菌系统鉴定手册.北京科学出版社,2001 ,2
6. 戴鼎震,赵永前,王晓丽,董晨红,夏兴霞,蒋兆春,汤春华,徐鹏. 南京地区奶牛乳房炎的现状、成因与防制[J]江苏农业科学 , 2002,(04)
7. 郭凤芹, 刘秀丽, 武朝霞. 奶牛乳房炎的防治[J]. 河北北方学院学报(自然科学版) , 2003,(04)
8. 胡春山,李淑兰,杨忠成,奶牛情期及围情期隐性乳房炎检测试验.黑龙江畜牧兽医,l993(5) 3:3l
9. 何勇军,奶牛乳房炎与主要气象指标的关系.河南农业科学,2002,﹙12﹚:39-41
10. 贾青辉,钏秀会等,河北省奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查分析.河北科技师范学院学报,2006,(6)20-2
11. 贾玉萍. 奶牛乳房炎病原菌快速检测及药物敏感性试验方法研究[D]山东农业大学 , 2005
12. 蒋春茂,奶牛乳房炎研究进展.中国畜牧兽医,2004,⑸:36-37.
13. 蒋金出.主编,动物医生手册.北京农业大学出版社,1994
14. 刘学忠,王捍东等.奶牛乳房炎的病因分析.中国草食动物,2002, 22 (3 ):39 一 91
15. 刘文进, 陈创夫, 滕文军, 吴洁, 任雪艳. 新疆垦区奶牛乳房炎致病菌的调查[J]. 中国草食动物 , 2005,(02)
16. 刘忠琛, 李加香. 如何防治奶牛乳房炎[J]. 农民致富之友 , 2000,(10)
17. 李国江,牛陷性乳房炎的检测与评估[J] .中国奶牛,1998,(3):16-17
18. 李应成,李培锋,奶牛乳房炎的病因及期防治.奶牛专栏,2005,3
19. 李鹏程,奶牛乳房炎的综合防治.中国畜牧兽医,2006,8:33
20. 黎江,陈学文,奶牛乳房炎防治措施综述.广西农业生物科学,2001,(4):301~306
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