基于MDA面向分析师的软件开发方法的研究与应用
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摘要
随着软件技术的发展和软件规模的不断扩大,传统软件开发方法存在的先天不足开始显现出来。软件管理专家根据不同的实践经验加以总结,在原有模型的基础上提出了模型驱动架构、极限编程等软件工程管理方法。然而,由于关注点的不同,各种管理方法普遍存在实践上的困难。
本文通过结合既有的模型驱动架构理论和面向分析师的软件开发理论的方法,提出了一种软件开发解决方案,以达到提高生产力、降低成本的目的。
首先,对目标信息管理系统模型进行分析归纳,提出了一种基于状态机的信息系统建模思路,通过这种思路对目标信息系统建模过程进行重新定义,解决信息系统建模问题;
其次,将系统模型与MDA四层模型结构结合,提出了原有OMG的4层模型结构的扩展性重定义,有效的隔离了目标信息系统的需求分析层次和技术实现层次;
最后,设计模型到模型间的转换思路,形成可执行代码。
通过这种解决方案,可以有效的填补需求分析师和软件架构师业务知识的鸿沟,分离目标系统设计实现时不同工作人员的工作关注点,提高其工作效率,减少应为需求不明确导致的系统实现过程中不必要的迭代环节,降低软件开发成本。
With the development of software technology and the expanding of the software scale, the disadvantages of traditional software development methods apparent. According to practical experience, software management experts put forward new methods base on the original model, such as MDA, XP. But because of the different concern, all of methods remain difficulties in practice.
This thesis proposes a solution of software development by the combination of the MDA and the analyst-oriented software development method, and achieves the purpose of increased productivity and lower costs.
Firstly, by analysising and summarizing the model of information management system, this thesis proposes a modeling idea based on state machines, redefine the progress of software development.
Secondly, it integrated the system model and MDA 4-level models, separate the requirement level and technology level of target information system.
Last, it designed the conversion between the models, and generated executable codes.
Using the method of this thesis, it can effectively fill the business knowledge gap of analysts and software architects, and can separate the concerns of different staffs such as designing and developing, improve their work efficiency, reduce the unnecessary links caused by unclear demands, and ultimately, reduce the cost of software development.
本文通过结合既有的模型驱动架构理论和面向分析师的软件开发理论的方法,提出了一种软件开发解决方案,以达到提高生产力、降低成本的目的。
首先,对目标信息管理系统模型进行分析归纳,提出了一种基于状态机的信息系统建模思路,通过这种思路对目标信息系统建模过程进行重新定义,解决信息系统建模问题;
其次,将系统模型与MDA四层模型结构结合,提出了原有OMG的4层模型结构的扩展性重定义,有效的隔离了目标信息系统的需求分析层次和技术实现层次;
最后,设计模型到模型间的转换思路,形成可执行代码。
通过这种解决方案,可以有效的填补需求分析师和软件架构师业务知识的鸿沟,分离目标系统设计实现时不同工作人员的工作关注点,提高其工作效率,减少应为需求不明确导致的系统实现过程中不必要的迭代环节,降低软件开发成本。
With the development of software technology and the expanding of the software scale, the disadvantages of traditional software development methods apparent. According to practical experience, software management experts put forward new methods base on the original model, such as MDA, XP. But because of the different concern, all of methods remain difficulties in practice.
This thesis proposes a solution of software development by the combination of the MDA and the analyst-oriented software development method, and achieves the purpose of increased productivity and lower costs.
Firstly, by analysising and summarizing the model of information management system, this thesis proposes a modeling idea based on state machines, redefine the progress of software development.
Secondly, it integrated the system model and MDA 4-level models, separate the requirement level and technology level of target information system.
Last, it designed the conversion between the models, and generated executable codes.
Using the method of this thesis, it can effectively fill the business knowledge gap of analysts and software architects, and can separate the concerns of different staffs such as designing and developing, improve their work efficiency, reduce the unnecessary links caused by unclear demands, and ultimately, reduce the cost of software development.
引文
[1]唐光海.瀑布模型与结构化程序设计方法.中南民族学院学报. 1999, (2)
[2]吴新明.信息系统的刚性及面向过程的信息系统研究[D].中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士),2005,(05)
[3]雷战波;张勤生.程序设计语言的演进.计算机工程与设计, 1996, (05)
[4] Anneke Kleppe, Jos Warmer, Wim Bast.解析MDA.人民邮电出版社.2004:2-12页, 85页, 85-88页, 91页, 96-98页
[5]沈成莉.敏捷项目管理在软件开发中的实践应用[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库, 2009, (11).
[6] Feiler Peter H. From PIMs to PSMs. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, ICECCS, p 365-370, 2007, Proceedings - 12th IEEE International Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems, ICECCS 2007, 2007.
[7]张兰.面向需求的开发环境的研究与实现[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库, 2007, (05).
[8] Raghupathi W. Exploring a model-driven architecture (MDA) approach to. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2008, (05)
[9]晏荣杰.基于构件/构架软件的复用技术研究及应用[D].华北电力大学, 2002 .
[10] Asadi M, Ravakhah M, Ramsin R. An MDA-based system development lifecycle, 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modeling & Simulation, 2008:836-42.
[11]石红.面向过程与面向对象程序设计[J].成都师专学报, 2003, (02).
[12] Kim Soon-Kyeong. An MDA approach towards integrating formal and informal modeling languages, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v 3582, p 448-464, 2005, FM 2005: Formal Methods: International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe. Proceedings, 2005, (02):448-464.
[13]图灵机–维基百科–自由百科全书. [EB/OL] http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/图灵机
[14]李正艳.论数据备份与容灾系统在图书馆数据安全中的应用[J].内蒙古科技与经济, 2009, (07) :263-264.
[15] Goel Piyush. SQL query optimization: Reordering for a general class of queries. SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data), 1996, (06):47-55.
[16]李钧生.存储服务器中快照模块的设计与实现[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库, 2008, (08)
[17]罗海滨,范玉顺,吴澄.工作流技术综述[J]软件学报, 2000, (07) .
[18] Hill James H. Unit testing non-functional concerns of component-based distributed systems. Proceedings - 2nd International Conference on Software Testing, Verification, and Validation, ICST 2009, 2009:406-415.
[19] C. J. Date.深度探索关系数据库.电子工业出版社2007:8-9页
[20] Karimi Farzin. Applications of decorator and observer design patterns in functional verification. Proceedings - IEEE International High-Level Design Validation and Test Workshop, HLDVT, 2008:18-22.
[21] SpringSource公司, Bram Smeets. Spring2企业应用开发.人民邮电出版社. 2008:181-182页
[22]安颖.魔力MDA平台PIM到PSM模型转换研究与实现[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2009,(06)
[23] Pop Adrian. An Eclipse-based Integrated Environment for Developing Executable Structural Operational Semantics Specifications. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 2007, (05):71-75.
[24] Pokah Alexander. An architecture and framework for agent-based web applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007:304-306.
[25]高·涅利亚.关于“关系映射反演”及其应用.乌鲁木齐成人教育学院学报, 1996, (03)
[26] Guetari Ramzi. XML as a dynamic UI and database access customization mean. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Manand Cybernetics, 2003:4840-4845.
[27]欧黎源,邱会中,白亚茹.基于JPA的数据持久化模型设计与实现[J].计算机工程, 2009, (20) :76-77,80
[28]秦奕青.对象持久化常用方法研究[J].北京机械工业学院学报, 2003, (01) .
[29] LIU Fei. Research and Application of Web Services Based on XML. Journal of Lianyungang Technical College, 2007, (02).
[30]周武斌,?余金山.?基于OCL的模型转换语言应用研究.?计算机与现代化.?2009.?(09).
[31]黄晶.基于XML的异构数据库数据交换模型的研究与设计[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2009,(12)
[32]单板滑雪_百度百科. [EB/OL] http://baike.baidu.com/view/635619.htm
[33] Kao Tzu-Han. Designing an XML-based context-aware transformation framework for mobile execution environments using CC/PP and XSLT. Computer Standards and Interfaces. 2004. (09):377-399
[34] .Mellor Stephen J. Six lessons learned using MDA. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2005:198-202.
[35]耿俊浩,?张振明,?田锡天,?张定华.?面向产品生命周期管理的特定领域建模方法.?计算机集成制造系统.?2008.?(02).
[36] Min Hyun, Gi. A technique to represent and generate components in MDA/PIM for automation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2006:293-307.
[37] Zhang Tian. MDA based design patterns modeling and model transformation. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software. 2008. (09):2203-2217.
[38]洪霞,王光明.基于MDA的Web应用系统开发研究.计算机工程与设计. 2008.
[39]李晓春,?刘淑芬,?沈文旭,?杨永波,?秦亭亭.?面向方面的两级建模技术研究与应用.?吉林大学学报(理学版).?2008.
[40]徐大庆,?李淼,?袁媛.?基于XML的面向对象知识表示模式设计.?计算机系统应用.?2008.?(03).
[41]杜建伟,?顾斌.?面向特征的领域分析及其应用.?微计算机信息.?2008.?(07).
[42] Adel A. Integrating software architecture concepts into the MDA platform. ICSOFT 2007. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Software and Data Technologies. 2007. (09):144
[2]吴新明.信息系统的刚性及面向过程的信息系统研究[D].中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士),2005,(05)
[3]雷战波;张勤生.程序设计语言的演进.计算机工程与设计, 1996, (05)
[4] Anneke Kleppe, Jos Warmer, Wim Bast.解析MDA.人民邮电出版社.2004:2-12页, 85页, 85-88页, 91页, 96-98页
[5]沈成莉.敏捷项目管理在软件开发中的实践应用[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库, 2009, (11).
[6] Feiler Peter H. From PIMs to PSMs. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, ICECCS, p 365-370, 2007, Proceedings - 12th IEEE International Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems, ICECCS 2007, 2007.
[7]张兰.面向需求的开发环境的研究与实现[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库, 2007, (05).
[8] Raghupathi W. Exploring a model-driven architecture (MDA) approach to. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 2008, (05)
[9]晏荣杰.基于构件/构架软件的复用技术研究及应用[D].华北电力大学, 2002 .
[10] Asadi M, Ravakhah M, Ramsin R. An MDA-based system development lifecycle, 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modeling & Simulation, 2008:836-42.
[11]石红.面向过程与面向对象程序设计[J].成都师专学报, 2003, (02).
[12] Kim Soon-Kyeong. An MDA approach towards integrating formal and informal modeling languages, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v 3582, p 448-464, 2005, FM 2005: Formal Methods: International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe. Proceedings, 2005, (02):448-464.
[13]图灵机–维基百科–自由百科全书. [EB/OL] http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/图灵机
[14]李正艳.论数据备份与容灾系统在图书馆数据安全中的应用[J].内蒙古科技与经济, 2009, (07) :263-264.
[15] Goel Piyush. SQL query optimization: Reordering for a general class of queries. SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data), 1996, (06):47-55.
[16]李钧生.存储服务器中快照模块的设计与实现[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库, 2008, (08)
[17]罗海滨,范玉顺,吴澄.工作流技术综述[J]软件学报, 2000, (07) .
[18] Hill James H. Unit testing non-functional concerns of component-based distributed systems. Proceedings - 2nd International Conference on Software Testing, Verification, and Validation, ICST 2009, 2009:406-415.
[19] C. J. Date.深度探索关系数据库.电子工业出版社2007:8-9页
[20] Karimi Farzin. Applications of decorator and observer design patterns in functional verification. Proceedings - IEEE International High-Level Design Validation and Test Workshop, HLDVT, 2008:18-22.
[21] SpringSource公司, Bram Smeets. Spring2企业应用开发.人民邮电出版社. 2008:181-182页
[22]安颖.魔力MDA平台PIM到PSM模型转换研究与实现[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2009,(06)
[23] Pop Adrian. An Eclipse-based Integrated Environment for Developing Executable Structural Operational Semantics Specifications. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 2007, (05):71-75.
[24] Pokah Alexander. An architecture and framework for agent-based web applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2007:304-306.
[25]高·涅利亚.关于“关系映射反演”及其应用.乌鲁木齐成人教育学院学报, 1996, (03)
[26] Guetari Ramzi. XML as a dynamic UI and database access customization mean. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Manand Cybernetics, 2003:4840-4845.
[27]欧黎源,邱会中,白亚茹.基于JPA的数据持久化模型设计与实现[J].计算机工程, 2009, (20) :76-77,80
[28]秦奕青.对象持久化常用方法研究[J].北京机械工业学院学报, 2003, (01) .
[29] LIU Fei. Research and Application of Web Services Based on XML. Journal of Lianyungang Technical College, 2007, (02).
[30]周武斌,?余金山.?基于OCL的模型转换语言应用研究.?计算机与现代化.?2009.?(09).
[31]黄晶.基于XML的异构数据库数据交换模型的研究与设计[D].中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,2009,(12)
[32]单板滑雪_百度百科. [EB/OL] http://baike.baidu.com/view/635619.htm
[33] Kao Tzu-Han. Designing an XML-based context-aware transformation framework for mobile execution environments using CC/PP and XSLT. Computer Standards and Interfaces. 2004. (09):377-399
[34] .Mellor Stephen J. Six lessons learned using MDA. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2005:198-202.
[35]耿俊浩,?张振明,?田锡天,?张定华.?面向产品生命周期管理的特定领域建模方法.?计算机集成制造系统.?2008.?(02).
[36] Min Hyun, Gi. A technique to represent and generate components in MDA/PIM for automation. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2006:293-307.
[37] Zhang Tian. MDA based design patterns modeling and model transformation. Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software. 2008. (09):2203-2217.
[38]洪霞,王光明.基于MDA的Web应用系统开发研究.计算机工程与设计. 2008.
[39]李晓春,?刘淑芬,?沈文旭,?杨永波,?秦亭亭.?面向方面的两级建模技术研究与应用.?吉林大学学报(理学版).?2008.
[40]徐大庆,?李淼,?袁媛.?基于XML的面向对象知识表示模式设计.?计算机系统应用.?2008.?(03).
[41]杜建伟,?顾斌.?面向特征的领域分析及其应用.?微计算机信息.?2008.?(07).
[42] Adel A. Integrating software architecture concepts into the MDA platform. ICSOFT 2007. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Software and Data Technologies. 2007. (09):144