电石生产过程自校正PID控制研究
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摘要
电石作为重要的工业化合原料具有广泛的用途和市场前景,电石炉是生产电石的主要设备。针对电石炉是一个具有多变量、强耦合和时变等特点的被控对象,采用常规的PID控制算法难以实现三相电极的平衡和稳定,研究了自校正PID控制器在电石生产过程中的应用。
本文主要研究工作包括：
(1)研究了电石生产的工艺流程和生产设备,根据现场的功能需求提出了电石炉控制系统的设计方案。
(2)针对电石炉的特点,建立了电极位置-电流模型。设计了现场数据采集的实验方案,并利用递推最小二乘法对模型进行了参数估计。
(3)针对电极升降控制是电石炉控制系统的重点和难点,提出了基于极点配置的自校正PID控制策略。仿真发现该算法各方面的性能均优于常规的PID算法。
(4)针对自校正PID控制器,设计了电石炉控制系统的软件部分,包括下位机PLC的程序和上位机WinCC监控界面。
As the important industrial raw material for chemical combination, calcium carbide has wide application and market prospect. The major equipment for producing calcium carbide is calcium carbide furnace,which is a strongly coupled, multivariable and time-varying controlled plant.It is difficult to make three-phase electrodes balanced and stability using conventional PID control algorithm,so the application of self-corrective PID algorithm in the calcium carbide production is studied.
The main work in this paper included:
(1) The technological process and production equipment in the calcium carbide production were studied. The design scheme of calcium carbide furnace control system was proposed according to the functional requirement of work field.
(2) The electrode positions-currents model was built according to the characteristics of calcium carbide furnace. The experimental scheme for on-site data gathering was designed and the model was identified by recursive least square method.
(3) The electrode lift system was the focus and difficulty of calcium carbide furnace control system. The self-corrective PID algorithm based on poles-placing principle was proposed. The results of simulation showed that self-corrective PID control algorithm was better than conventional PID control algorithm on each item of performances.
(4) Based on the self-corrective PID controller, the software of the system including the lower computer PLC programs and upper computer WinCC monitoring interface was designed.
本文主要研究工作包括：
(1)研究了电石生产的工艺流程和生产设备,根据现场的功能需求提出了电石炉控制系统的设计方案。
(2)针对电石炉的特点,建立了电极位置-电流模型。设计了现场数据采集的实验方案,并利用递推最小二乘法对模型进行了参数估计。
(3)针对电极升降控制是电石炉控制系统的重点和难点,提出了基于极点配置的自校正PID控制策略。仿真发现该算法各方面的性能均优于常规的PID算法。
(4)针对自校正PID控制器,设计了电石炉控制系统的软件部分,包括下位机PLC的程序和上位机WinCC监控界面。
As the important industrial raw material for chemical combination, calcium carbide has wide application and market prospect. The major equipment for producing calcium carbide is calcium carbide furnace,which is a strongly coupled, multivariable and time-varying controlled plant.It is difficult to make three-phase electrodes balanced and stability using conventional PID control algorithm,so the application of self-corrective PID algorithm in the calcium carbide production is studied.
The main work in this paper included:
(1) The technological process and production equipment in the calcium carbide production were studied. The design scheme of calcium carbide furnace control system was proposed according to the functional requirement of work field.
(2) The electrode positions-currents model was built according to the characteristics of calcium carbide furnace. The experimental scheme for on-site data gathering was designed and the model was identified by recursive least square method.
(3) The electrode lift system was the focus and difficulty of calcium carbide furnace control system. The self-corrective PID algorithm based on poles-placing principle was proposed. The results of simulation showed that self-corrective PID control algorithm was better than conventional PID control algorithm on each item of performances.
(4) Based on the self-corrective PID controller, the software of the system including the lower computer PLC programs and upper computer WinCC monitoring interface was designed.
引文
[1]Π.A.库兹涅佐夫.电石生产[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1957
[2]蔡杰.我国电石行业现状及发展意见[J].化工技术经济,2006(9)：6-9
[3]http://www.cpi360.com/docpage/c418/200812/1211_418_439302.aspx
[4]吴樟生.我国电石行业现状分析与未来展望[J].化工管理,2007,9：67-71
[5]陈龙.智能PID控制在电石炉电极调节系统中的应用研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2006,1：3
[6]田学中.SIMATIC可编程控制器在2000KVA电石炉上的应用[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1998(5)：41-46
[7]付丽君,李宗纲.电石炉单片机控制系统[J].节能,1990(3)：45-47
[8]王庆鹏,郝晓宏.电石生产复合FUZZY-PI控制的研究[J].甘肃工业大学学报,1998,24(2)：54-58
[9]谢更柱,王德志.模糊控制与PID结合控制在电石炉上的应用[J].化工自动化及仪表,2004,31(5)：82-83
[10]吴勇.PLC在电石炉控制系统中的应用[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2005(3)：45-47
[11]李永博,孙瑜.软测量在电石生产中的应用[J].工业控制计算机.2005,18(2)：49-50
[12]Zhang Shao-de. Decoupling Control for Electrode System in Electric Arc Furnace based on Neural Network Inverse Identification[J].2006,10:112-116
[13]陈龙,马伯渊,张雪峰.智能PID控制在电石炉电极调节系统中的应用[J].系统仿真学报.2007,4：1544-1547
[14]Benoit Boulet, Gino Lalli and Mark Ajersch. Modeling and Control of an Electric Arc Furnace. Proceedings of Amercian Control Conference[J].2003,4-6.360-364
[15]马戎.智能控制技术在炼钢电弧炉中的应用研究[D].西北工业大学,2006,10
[16]Lang Zi-qiang Gu Xing-yuma Bao Yu-ma,XushengWang. Modelling and Identification of Electrode Position Contoller in Electric Arc Furnace[J]. International Conference on Control.1991(1).434-439
[17]Q.P Wang, D.L.Tarn, Y.C.Wang. Event-based Intrlligent Control System of Carbide Electric Arc Furnace(CEAF)[J]. Proceedings of the 3nd World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.2000,6-7:471-476
[18]刘晓河,王立军.电弧炉电极调节系统的离散时间自适应控制[J].基础自动化,2001,8(4)：47-49
[19]黄杰.电石炉控制系统的设计与先进控制方案的研究[D].南京理工大学,2008,9：8
[20]熊谟远.电石生产及其深加工产品[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2001
[21]J. T. Morehead, G. De Chalmot. The Manufacture of Calcium Carbide[J]. The Journal of the American Chemical Society.1896(4):313-321
[22]刘兆飞.基于熔池电阻实时计算的矿热炉自控系统的研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2007,4：8-9
[23]李闽豫.2万千伏安电石炉烟气治理与余热利用[J].中国环保产业CEPI.1999(4): 34-35
[24]郑晟,巩建平,张学.现代可编程序控制器原理与应用[M].科学出版社,1999
[25]Huksdottir et al:Systerm identification of a three-phase submerged-arc ferrosilicon furnace. IEEE Transactions on Control systerms Technoligy,1995, (12):377-378
[26]Y.P.Thorfinnsson and A.S Huksdottir:Systerm identification of a three-phase submerged-arcferrosiliconfurnace:(inIceland),rep.no.91003,Syst.Eng.Res.Institute,Univ. Ice- land,Nov.1991
[27]胡干耀.系统辨识[M].北京：北京航空学院出版社,1987
[28]蒋文春.过程辨识方法的研究与实现[D].北京化工大学,2009,5：2
[29]徐湘元.自适应控制理论与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007
[30]邵裕森,戴先中.过程控制工程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[31]向晓燕,蒋效会.基于系统辨识的系统模型[J].人工智能及辨识技术,2008(16)：1086-1088
[32]WILDES R P. Automated iris recognition:an emerging biometric technology [J]. Proceeding of the IEEE,1997,85(9):1348-1363
[33]蒋蔚孙,俞金寿.过程控制工程[M].上海：中国石化出版社,1999
[34]MarcE.Herniter.ProgramminginMATLAB[M].PacificGrove,CA:Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning,2001
[35]陈夕松,汪木兰.过程控制系统[M].北京：科学出版社,2005：123-126
[36]Wittenmark B, Astom KJ. Methods and Applications in Adaptive Control, Unbehauen H. ed. Berlin:Speringer-Verlag.1980:21-30
[37]单剑锋,杨立军.极点配置自校正PID控制器[J].抚顺石油学院学报,2002,3：58-59
[38]武省,陈述平等.极点配置自校正PID控制算法及其应用[J].黄金学报,1999,3：53-56
[39]朱卓君.自适应算法在电石炉中的研究与应用[D].南京理工大学,2009,6：43
[40]西门子(中国)有限公司.深入浅出西门子S7-300 PLC[M]北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2004
[41]西门子(中国)有限公司.深入浅出西门子WinCC V6[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2004
[42]Siemens company. SIMATIC Standard Software for S7-300 and S7-400 PID Control User Manual[M].1996
[43]陈刚.软测量技术的研究及其在电石炉系统中的运用[D].南京理工大学,2008,6：18
[44]李军.基于OPC技术的MATLAB与S7-200 PLC通信[J].电气时代,2007(10)：114-115
[2]蔡杰.我国电石行业现状及发展意见[J].化工技术经济,2006(9)：6-9
[3]http://www.cpi360.com/docpage/c418/200812/1211_418_439302.aspx
[4]吴樟生.我国电石行业现状分析与未来展望[J].化工管理,2007,9：67-71
[5]陈龙.智能PID控制在电石炉电极调节系统中的应用研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2006,1：3
[6]田学中.SIMATIC可编程控制器在2000KVA电石炉上的应用[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,1998(5)：41-46
[7]付丽君,李宗纲.电石炉单片机控制系统[J].节能,1990(3)：45-47
[8]王庆鹏,郝晓宏.电石生产复合FUZZY-PI控制的研究[J].甘肃工业大学学报,1998,24(2)：54-58
[9]谢更柱,王德志.模糊控制与PID结合控制在电石炉上的应用[J].化工自动化及仪表,2004,31(5)：82-83
[10]吴勇.PLC在电石炉控制系统中的应用[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2005(3)：45-47
[11]李永博,孙瑜.软测量在电石生产中的应用[J].工业控制计算机.2005,18(2)：49-50
[12]Zhang Shao-de. Decoupling Control for Electrode System in Electric Arc Furnace based on Neural Network Inverse Identification[J].2006,10:112-116
[13]陈龙,马伯渊,张雪峰.智能PID控制在电石炉电极调节系统中的应用[J].系统仿真学报.2007,4：1544-1547
[14]Benoit Boulet, Gino Lalli and Mark Ajersch. Modeling and Control of an Electric Arc Furnace. Proceedings of Amercian Control Conference[J].2003,4-6.360-364
[15]马戎.智能控制技术在炼钢电弧炉中的应用研究[D].西北工业大学,2006,10
[16]Lang Zi-qiang Gu Xing-yuma Bao Yu-ma,XushengWang. Modelling and Identification of Electrode Position Contoller in Electric Arc Furnace[J]. International Conference on Control.1991(1).434-439
[17]Q.P Wang, D.L.Tarn, Y.C.Wang. Event-based Intrlligent Control System of Carbide Electric Arc Furnace(CEAF)[J]. Proceedings of the 3nd World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation.2000,6-7:471-476
[18]刘晓河,王立军.电弧炉电极调节系统的离散时间自适应控制[J].基础自动化,2001,8(4)：47-49
[19]黄杰.电石炉控制系统的设计与先进控制方案的研究[D].南京理工大学,2008,9：8
[20]熊谟远.电石生产及其深加工产品[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2001
[21]J. T. Morehead, G. De Chalmot. The Manufacture of Calcium Carbide[J]. The Journal of the American Chemical Society.1896(4):313-321
[22]刘兆飞.基于熔池电阻实时计算的矿热炉自控系统的研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2007,4：8-9
[23]李闽豫.2万千伏安电石炉烟气治理与余热利用[J].中国环保产业CEPI.1999(4): 34-35
[24]郑晟,巩建平,张学.现代可编程序控制器原理与应用[M].科学出版社,1999
[25]Huksdottir et al:Systerm identification of a three-phase submerged-arc ferrosilicon furnace. IEEE Transactions on Control systerms Technoligy,1995, (12):377-378
[26]Y.P.Thorfinnsson and A.S Huksdottir:Systerm identification of a three-phase submerged-arcferrosiliconfurnace:(inIceland),rep.no.91003,Syst.Eng.Res.Institute,Univ. Ice- land,Nov.1991
[27]胡干耀.系统辨识[M].北京：北京航空学院出版社,1987
[28]蒋文春.过程辨识方法的研究与实现[D].北京化工大学,2009,5：2
[29]徐湘元.自适应控制理论与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007
[30]邵裕森,戴先中.过程控制工程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[31]向晓燕,蒋效会.基于系统辨识的系统模型[J].人工智能及辨识技术,2008(16)：1086-1088
[32]WILDES R P. Automated iris recognition:an emerging biometric technology [J]. Proceeding of the IEEE,1997,85(9):1348-1363
[33]蒋蔚孙,俞金寿.过程控制工程[M].上海：中国石化出版社,1999
[34]MarcE.Herniter.ProgramminginMATLAB[M].PacificGrove,CA:Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning,2001
[35]陈夕松,汪木兰.过程控制系统[M].北京：科学出版社,2005：123-126
[36]Wittenmark B, Astom KJ. Methods and Applications in Adaptive Control, Unbehauen H. ed. Berlin:Speringer-Verlag.1980:21-30
[37]单剑锋,杨立军.极点配置自校正PID控制器[J].抚顺石油学院学报,2002,3：58-59
[38]武省,陈述平等.极点配置自校正PID控制算法及其应用[J].黄金学报,1999,3：53-56
[39]朱卓君.自适应算法在电石炉中的研究与应用[D].南京理工大学,2009,6：43
[40]西门子(中国)有限公司.深入浅出西门子S7-300 PLC[M]北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2004
[41]西门子(中国)有限公司.深入浅出西门子WinCC V6[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2004
[42]Siemens company. SIMATIC Standard Software for S7-300 and S7-400 PID Control User Manual[M].1996
[43]陈刚.软测量技术的研究及其在电石炉系统中的运用[D].南京理工大学,2008,6：18
[44]李军.基于OPC技术的MATLAB与S7-200 PLC通信[J].电气时代,2007(10)：114-115