DCS控制系统在电厂化学水处理过程中的应用和研究
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摘要
近年来随着国民经济的快速增长,电力需求的不断提高,机组容量增加和蒸汽参数的提高,电厂运行的可控性及安全性对国民经济发展起着直接的制约作用。电厂中化学水处理是火电厂重要的生产过程,国内多数电厂的化学水处理系统普遍存在自动化程度偏低、生产状况落后的现象,从而造成整个化学汽水处理流程中众多影响因素彼此间不能及时协调、及时响应处理,往往会误开阀门对生产产生不利影响。因此,在火力发电厂中,为了提高生产效益,实现综合化控制系统,水处理工作对保证发电厂的安全、经济运行具有十分重要的意义。
本文主要针对张家口发电厂一期制水DCS系统改造,全面介绍了张家口发电厂化学制水状况,以及改造前制水控制系统存在的问题,并详细的阐述了一期制水进行DCS改造的必要性和紧迫性。同时,介绍了DCS控制系统在国内发展现状,简要说明了分散控制系统的特点,组件系统和分散控制系统结构图。张家口发电厂化学水处理过程DCS系统改造采用的是四方公司设计生产的分散控制系统,文中说明了四方公司DCS系统的主要性能指标,参数指标。通过改造实现了张家口发电厂一期制水电厂化学水处理DCS系统的优化、升级。
为评价化学制水DCS系统改造后效果,对化学处理水系统进行了改造后的测试实验研究,实验结果表明采用四方公司自主研发的CyberControl软件和CSC800控制硬件的全厂制水系统,改造完成后系统具备自动制水、自动再生、制水计量、水质监测、流量控制、液位调节、压力保护、上位机监控和辅控网集中控制等功能,实现了全厂制水工艺的全方位自动控制。化学制水DCS系统改造后提高了水处理工艺过程的自动控制程度和管理水平,促进发电企业长远快速发展具有重要的意义,同时也为同类型机组DCS系统改造提供宝贵经验。
In recent years,the demand of electricity is gradually enhances unceasingly as the rapid growth of the national economy, the suppy of power coal begins to be dificit and then cause the price of power coal to increase. And each power generation company has started to blend the designed coal with other coals in order to reduce consum and increase the competitiveness . Therefore, the study for mixing bituminous boiler with lignite is important for practical significance.
This paper assesses the 350MW unit boiler of Fuxin Power Generation as the research object, and researches the ignition characteristics of bituminous boiler lignite, the characteristics of burning , the technology of stable combusion, the measures of blending coals and so on. Because of the lignite containing more volatile and moisture than the designed coal t, coal handing system, pulverizing system and pulverized coal feeding system is easy to explode, mixing coals will lead to lacking dry in coal mill and drastically redusing the efficiency of boiler. Therefore, due to amplifing the maximum limit of the mixing lignite proportion and reducing cost, and meeting to be combustion design coal at the same time, the scheme is put forward in this paper to take somke from the export of the dust collector into the export of primary air fan and send the blending smoke into the coal mill,it will improve the dry of the coal mill,reduce the oxygen consumption in the export of the coal mill,and improve to prevent explosion from the pulverizing system.
We did the experiment for the reformed boiler with mixing bituminous with lignite to assess the result of the reformed boiler,the results showed that the pulverizing system could meet dry and safety explosion-proof requirements when the boiler mixed 50% lignite, and the maximum contributing of the mills was 72t/h to meet units with the maximum requirements of the boiler.The concentration of the oxynitride emission decreased by 39.1 mg/m3 after runing the cold smoke system,and the efficiency of the boiler reached to 92.25%. Not only it is an important significance to amplify the fuel limit, reduce the tension of the power coal and rapidly promote the long-term development of the power generation enterprises, but also it is valuable experiment for the same type of units.
本文主要针对张家口发电厂一期制水DCS系统改造,全面介绍了张家口发电厂化学制水状况,以及改造前制水控制系统存在的问题,并详细的阐述了一期制水进行DCS改造的必要性和紧迫性。同时,介绍了DCS控制系统在国内发展现状,简要说明了分散控制系统的特点,组件系统和分散控制系统结构图。张家口发电厂化学水处理过程DCS系统改造采用的是四方公司设计生产的分散控制系统,文中说明了四方公司DCS系统的主要性能指标,参数指标。通过改造实现了张家口发电厂一期制水电厂化学水处理DCS系统的优化、升级。
为评价化学制水DCS系统改造后效果,对化学处理水系统进行了改造后的测试实验研究,实验结果表明采用四方公司自主研发的CyberControl软件和CSC800控制硬件的全厂制水系统,改造完成后系统具备自动制水、自动再生、制水计量、水质监测、流量控制、液位调节、压力保护、上位机监控和辅控网集中控制等功能,实现了全厂制水工艺的全方位自动控制。化学制水DCS系统改造后提高了水处理工艺过程的自动控制程度和管理水平,促进发电企业长远快速发展具有重要的意义,同时也为同类型机组DCS系统改造提供宝贵经验。
In recent years,the demand of electricity is gradually enhances unceasingly as the rapid growth of the national economy, the suppy of power coal begins to be dificit and then cause the price of power coal to increase. And each power generation company has started to blend the designed coal with other coals in order to reduce consum and increase the competitiveness . Therefore, the study for mixing bituminous boiler with lignite is important for practical significance.
This paper assesses the 350MW unit boiler of Fuxin Power Generation as the research object, and researches the ignition characteristics of bituminous boiler lignite, the characteristics of burning , the technology of stable combusion, the measures of blending coals and so on. Because of the lignite containing more volatile and moisture than the designed coal t, coal handing system, pulverizing system and pulverized coal feeding system is easy to explode, mixing coals will lead to lacking dry in coal mill and drastically redusing the efficiency of boiler. Therefore, due to amplifing the maximum limit of the mixing lignite proportion and reducing cost, and meeting to be combustion design coal at the same time, the scheme is put forward in this paper to take somke from the export of the dust collector into the export of primary air fan and send the blending smoke into the coal mill,it will improve the dry of the coal mill,reduce the oxygen consumption in the export of the coal mill,and improve to prevent explosion from the pulverizing system.
We did the experiment for the reformed boiler with mixing bituminous with lignite to assess the result of the reformed boiler,the results showed that the pulverizing system could meet dry and safety explosion-proof requirements when the boiler mixed 50% lignite, and the maximum contributing of the mills was 72t/h to meet units with the maximum requirements of the boiler.The concentration of the oxynitride emission decreased by 39.1 mg/m3 after runing the cold smoke system,and the efficiency of the boiler reached to 92.25%. Not only it is an important significance to amplify the fuel limit, reduce the tension of the power coal and rapidly promote the long-term development of the power generation enterprises, but also it is valuable experiment for the same type of units.
引文
[1]黄明铸.PLC、DCS、FCS三大控制系统的特点和差异[J].中华纸业, 2005,26(4): 48-50
[2]孙平.可编程控制器原理及应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2003
[3]熊刚,许晓鸣,孙优贤. PLC的发展趋势及标准化[J].中国仪器仪表,1997.(2): 3-5
[4]潘世永,郑萍,李英.集散控制系统(DCS)的发展及展望[J].自动化与仪器仪表, 2003,108(4): 4-6
[5]李世吕.集散系统和现场总线的回顾与展望[J].工业计量,1998, 3(l): 28-31
[6]张德泉.集散控制系统[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1997
[7]彭道刚,杨平,杨艳华.现场总线技术的现状与展望[J].机电一体化,2004, (2): 6-10
[8]冯冬芹,金建祥,褚健等.现场总线技术发展回顾[J].白动化博览,2004(21): 35-37
[9]冯人为,阳宪惠.从信息集成看现场总线技术的发展[J].冶金自动化. 2001(6):22-27
[10] Tuzun,阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[11]刘桥,蒋梁中,谢存禧等.集散控制系统与现场总线控制系统[J].现代电子技术, 2003(13): 89-93
[12]于娜,夏国荣.现场控制系统FCS和集散控制系统DCS的差异[J].微计算机信息, 2005,21(1): 1-2
[13]李永博,孙瑜.当前DCS技术的分析与展望[J].微计算机信息, 2004, 20(7): 11-13
[14]汤媛.PLC、DCS与现场总线控制系统的关系[J].石油化工建设,2005,27(4): 58-60,63
[15]侯栋岐,陈洁.新技术形势下PLC的发展前景[J].机械工程与自动化,2004, 125(4): 84-85,89
[16]王广才,王蕾,李毅成.二十一世纪PLC发展方向[J].油气田地面工程,2004, 23(3): 25-27
[17] F.G.Shinskey. Proeess-Control System. Second Edition. McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY(New York 1979).
[18]祝永华,郁炜,叶文通.PLC的网络化发展趋势[J].电气时代, 2003(6): 86-87
[19]崔亚军.流程工业中的CIMS[J].自动化博览, 1998(3): 3-7
[20]黄道,李光华.流程工业综合自动化的探讨与思考[J].中国工程科学华中电力,2000, 2(12): 52-58
[21]苏秦,吉国力,自俊海等.流程工业的信息集成系统[J].东南大学学报(白然科学版) ,2003,33(51): 112-115
[22]柴大佑.流程工业信息化的发展状况及对策[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,(5): 30-34
[23]黄河清,俞金寿.面向流程工业的MES及其关键技术[J].自动化仪表, 2004,25(1): 10-15
[24]厉玉鸣.化工仪表及自动化[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997.
[25]杨翠容,庞全,张玉清.智能pH控制及在化工过程控制中的应用[J].自动化仪表,1999,20(8): 34-36
[26]商建东,陈康宁.专家智能pH控制器及其应用[J].化工自动化及仪表, 1998,25(3):46-48
[27]李若明,王行愚,徐顺喜.电厂信息综合自动化的实现[J].电力系统自动化, 2004,28(20): 80-83
[28] Maffeis S.Proeess Calculi and Peer-to-Peer Web Data Integration[C].Proeeedings of the Workshop”Essays on Algebraic Process Calculi”(APC25).2006:162-233
[29] Camacho David,Aler Ricardo,Borrajo Daniel.Multi-agent plan based information gathering[J].Applied Intelligence.2006,25(1):59-71
[30] S.Vitturi,On the use of Ethernet at low level of factory communication systems,Computer Standards&Interfaces 2001,9(23):267-277
[31]张凤登,陆文华,程卫国.现场总线与电厂综合自动化系统集成技术[J].动力工程,2001,21(3):1267-1270
[32]王军,谢光强,吴魄平等.电厂厂级监控信息系统的设计与实施[J].中国电力,2004,37(8):57-60
[33]黄宁.PLC控制系统的稳定性分析与提高[J].机电工程技术,2005,34(2): 75-79
[34] Mohamad Amin Saad,Early discovery of RO membrane fouling and real-time monitoring of plant performance for optimizing cost of water,Desalination,2004:183-191
[35]曹王剑,李胜.流量仪表的选型设计探讨[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2000, (,3): 52-55
[36]张桂香,张志军.PLC的选型与系统配置[J].微计算机信息,2005(9): 36,81-82
[37]白新庄.PLC的选型探讨[J].石油化工自动化, 2005, (5): 22-24
[38]陈宏.可编程控制器PLC的选型[J].化工进展方立军,2003,22(12):1354-1356
[39]殷洪义.可编程序控制器选择设计与维护[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[40]陈其美.可编程控制器应用技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[41]夏辛明.可编程控制器技术及应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1999
[42]张江维,王翠茹,衡军山等.基于双CPU的冗余控制研究与实现[J].机电工程技术, 2005,34(4):64-65
[43]杨公训.可编程序控制器PLC的抗干扰技术[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995
[44]陈建滨.控制系统抗干扰分析[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(2):37.
[45]关会芳.PLC控制系统的抗干扰设计[J].控制工程,2005,12(21)177-178
[46]柴凯,候立刚,姜军银.OPC技术在工业过程控制中的应用研究. [J].工业仪表与自动化装,2005, (3):70-72.
[47]潘爱民.COM原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[48] OPC Data Access Custom Interface Specification 3.0. OPC Foundation,2003,httP://www.OPCfoundation.org/.
[2]孙平.可编程控制器原理及应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2003
[3]熊刚,许晓鸣,孙优贤. PLC的发展趋势及标准化[J].中国仪器仪表,1997.(2): 3-5
[4]潘世永,郑萍,李英.集散控制系统(DCS)的发展及展望[J].自动化与仪器仪表, 2003,108(4): 4-6
[5]李世吕.集散系统和现场总线的回顾与展望[J].工业计量,1998, 3(l): 28-31
[6]张德泉.集散控制系统[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1997
[7]彭道刚,杨平,杨艳华.现场总线技术的现状与展望[J].机电一体化,2004, (2): 6-10
[8]冯冬芹,金建祥,褚健等.现场总线技术发展回顾[J].白动化博览,2004(21): 35-37
[9]冯人为,阳宪惠.从信息集成看现场总线技术的发展[J].冶金自动化. 2001(6):22-27
[10] Tuzun,阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[11]刘桥,蒋梁中,谢存禧等.集散控制系统与现场总线控制系统[J].现代电子技术, 2003(13): 89-93
[12]于娜,夏国荣.现场控制系统FCS和集散控制系统DCS的差异[J].微计算机信息, 2005,21(1): 1-2
[13]李永博,孙瑜.当前DCS技术的分析与展望[J].微计算机信息, 2004, 20(7): 11-13
[14]汤媛.PLC、DCS与现场总线控制系统的关系[J].石油化工建设,2005,27(4): 58-60,63
[15]侯栋岐,陈洁.新技术形势下PLC的发展前景[J].机械工程与自动化,2004, 125(4): 84-85,89
[16]王广才,王蕾,李毅成.二十一世纪PLC发展方向[J].油气田地面工程,2004, 23(3): 25-27
[17] F.G.Shinskey. Proeess-Control System. Second Edition. McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY(New York 1979).
[18]祝永华,郁炜,叶文通.PLC的网络化发展趋势[J].电气时代, 2003(6): 86-87
[19]崔亚军.流程工业中的CIMS[J].自动化博览, 1998(3): 3-7
[20]黄道,李光华.流程工业综合自动化的探讨与思考[J].中国工程科学华中电力,2000, 2(12): 52-58
[21]苏秦,吉国力,自俊海等.流程工业的信息集成系统[J].东南大学学报(白然科学版) ,2003,33(51): 112-115
[22]柴大佑.流程工业信息化的发展状况及对策[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,(5): 30-34
[23]黄河清,俞金寿.面向流程工业的MES及其关键技术[J].自动化仪表, 2004,25(1): 10-15
[24]厉玉鸣.化工仪表及自动化[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997.
[25]杨翠容,庞全,张玉清.智能pH控制及在化工过程控制中的应用[J].自动化仪表,1999,20(8): 34-36
[26]商建东,陈康宁.专家智能pH控制器及其应用[J].化工自动化及仪表, 1998,25(3):46-48
[27]李若明,王行愚,徐顺喜.电厂信息综合自动化的实现[J].电力系统自动化, 2004,28(20): 80-83
[28] Maffeis S.Proeess Calculi and Peer-to-Peer Web Data Integration[C].Proeeedings of the Workshop”Essays on Algebraic Process Calculi”(APC25).2006:162-233
[29] Camacho David,Aler Ricardo,Borrajo Daniel.Multi-agent plan based information gathering[J].Applied Intelligence.2006,25(1):59-71
[30] S.Vitturi,On the use of Ethernet at low level of factory communication systems,Computer Standards&Interfaces 2001,9(23):267-277
[31]张凤登,陆文华,程卫国.现场总线与电厂综合自动化系统集成技术[J].动力工程,2001,21(3):1267-1270
[32]王军,谢光强,吴魄平等.电厂厂级监控信息系统的设计与实施[J].中国电力,2004,37(8):57-60
[33]黄宁.PLC控制系统的稳定性分析与提高[J].机电工程技术,2005,34(2): 75-79
[34] Mohamad Amin Saad,Early discovery of RO membrane fouling and real-time monitoring of plant performance for optimizing cost of water,Desalination,2004:183-191
[35]曹王剑,李胜.流量仪表的选型设计探讨[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2000, (,3): 52-55
[36]张桂香,张志军.PLC的选型与系统配置[J].微计算机信息,2005(9): 36,81-82
[37]白新庄.PLC的选型探讨[J].石油化工自动化, 2005, (5): 22-24
[38]陈宏.可编程控制器PLC的选型[J].化工进展方立军,2003,22(12):1354-1356
[39]殷洪义.可编程序控制器选择设计与维护[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[40]陈其美.可编程控制器应用技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[41]夏辛明.可编程控制器技术及应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1999
[42]张江维,王翠茹,衡军山等.基于双CPU的冗余控制研究与实现[J].机电工程技术, 2005,34(4):64-65
[43]杨公训.可编程序控制器PLC的抗干扰技术[M].北京:海洋出版社,1995
[44]陈建滨.控制系统抗干扰分析[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(2):37.
[45]关会芳.PLC控制系统的抗干扰设计[J].控制工程,2005,12(21)177-178
[46]柴凯,候立刚,姜军银.OPC技术在工业过程控制中的应用研究. [J].工业仪表与自动化装,2005, (3):70-72.
[47]潘爱民.COM原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[48] OPC Data Access Custom Interface Specification 3.0. OPC Foundation,2003,httP://www.OPCfoundation.org/.