机电产品行为特性及可持续概念设计方法研究
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摘要
概念设计是整个产品设计过程中最初,也是最重要的阶段之一。研究人员对概念设计的理论与方法做了大量的研究。其中以基于功能的设计方法的研究居多,研究的内容包括需求分析、功能抽象、功能分解、行为映射、方案生成以及方案评估等方面。“行为”作为连接功能与结构的桥梁,可以使设计人员获得对设计问题的更深层次理解,并获得更合适的设计方案。
另一方面,随着人们对环境影响的关注,可持续设计的理念也逐渐为人们所接受。近几年来,如何在概念设计过程中,引入可持续设计的方法,以降低产品在生命周期中对环境的影响,也逐渐成为研究的热点。
本论文通过对机电产品的行为特性分析和研究,在已有的因果行为过程(Causal Behavioral Process, CBP)模型的基础上提出了E-CBP行为过程模型,并基于E-CBP模型开展了机电产品的可持续设计方法研究。
针对行为特性的研究,论文首先明确了行为的概念,及其与功能、结构之间的关系。通过对现有机电产品的行为特性分析,提出在行为之间除了因果关系外,还有时序关系、回路关系以及状态关系。提出“之前发生”与“并行发生”的概念,并用于描述行为之间的时序关系,以及基于时序图的表达方法,从而方便了对行为关系的判断。同时引入关键路径法,实现了对行为过程时序关系的优化。针对行为过程中的回路关系,提出了触发行为、回复行为、主行为的概念,在总结回路关系的特性和使用行为的状态关系表达诸如储能机构、智能材料机构等机构的行为特性的基础上,提出了如何在设计过程中利用这些特性进行设计的指导方针。
论文设计了构建E-CBP模型的基本步骤以及基于E-CBP模型的行为结构映射的基本流程。针对现有研究对于不同阶段的设计信息表达方法不一致的现状,引入面向对象的编程思想,以E-CBP模型为基础,提出了基于EBNF(Extended Backus-Naur Form)的行为表达方法,并将该方法扩展到功能、结构、约束以及材料等设计信息的表达,从而为实现设计知识的重用与管理提供了表达基础。
针对可持续设计的需要,在概念设计阶段引入可持续设计的理念,提出基于E-CBP的可持续设计方法。该方法分为基于E-CBP的可持续性预分析与多层次模糊可持续评估两个阶段。根据E-CBP模型的行为特性以及功能共享的原则,提出了六条针对E-CBP模型的可持续设计指导原则,利用这些指导原则对E-CBP模型进行分析与改进,得到了更符合可持续需求的行为过程模型。考虑到概念设计阶段数据的不确定性,在层次分析法与灰度分析法的基础上,提出了多层次模糊可持续评估方法。
为了辅助设计人员进行机电产品的概念设计,构建了基于B/S架构的辅助概念设计系统。该系统实现了E-CBP分析模块、可持续评估模块、基本库模块以及用户基本操作模块等基本功能,并具有很好的可扩展性。
论文最后利用辅助概念设计系统,以电动打钉机和电动抛光机为案例,进行了行为分析与可持续性评估,验证了E-CBP模型以及基于E-CBP的可持续设计方法的可行性。
Conceptual design is the initial stage, also one of the most important stages, of product design process. In the past few decades, researchers have done a lot of works on conceptual design theories and methodologies, where functional design has been given particular emphasis. The function-related works include requirements analysis, functional abstraction, functional decomposition, behavior mapping, design generation and evaluation, and so on. Behavior is used as a link between function and structure to facilitate the design synthesis of complex problems, and it could also assist designers to explore the insight of a design and to develop the design solution.
On the other hand, as people concern more and more on environmental issues, sustainable design is being gradually accepted as a necessity for product design. In recent years, applying sustainable design methods in conceptual design process to reduce the product life cycle environmental impacts have become a focus of design research.
This thesis explored the behavior characteristics of electromechanical products, and proposed an extended causal behavioral process (E-CBP) model. A sustainable design methodology was subsequently proposed by exploiting this E-CBP model.
Firstly, the thesis put forward a definition of behavior, and identified the relationships among behavior, function, structure. By exploring the behavioral characteristics of electromechanical products, we found there are temporal relations, loop relations, state relations besides causal relations between behaviors. We have as such defined "occurred before" and "occur in parallel", which can be used to describe the temporal relationship between behaviors. A representation method based on sequential diagram was also proposed to represent temporal relationships, which can facilitate the identification of temporal relations for designers. We have applied a critical path method (CPM) to optimize the behavioral process for maximizing the productivity of the product being designed. We have identified trigger behavior, revert behavior and main behavior in loop relation, and summarized the characteristics of loop relations and the guidelines that are used to guide the design process. State relation is used to represent the behavior of energy storage mechanisms and those of the mechanisms with intelligent materials.
To address the limitations of the original casual behavioral process (CBP) model, an E-CBP model was subsequently proposed, which is an extension of the original CBP model by introducing the temporal relations, loop relations and state relations. The steps of establishing the E-CBP model were elaborated, so was the mapping process from behavior domain to structure domain based on the E-CBP model. A uniform representation, which was based on EBNF (Extended Backus-Naur Form) grammar and exploited the object-oriented programming ideas, has been proposed to represent the E-CBP model. Additionally, the representation has been extended to represent design information such as function, structure, constraints and materials. This representation scheme has not only provided a basis for design knowledge reuse and management, but also facilitated the computer implementation.
To meet the demand of sustainability in design, a sustainable design method based on the E-CBP model has been proposed, which used in the conceptual design stage. The method includes an E-CBP based pre-analysis and a multi-level fuzzy sustainable assessment. By applying the E-CBP model and function sharing principle, we have summarized six sustainable design guidelines to improve the E-CBP model to fulfill sustainability requirements. Considering the uncertainty and ambiguousness of design parameters in conceptual design, a multi-level fuzz sustainability assessment method was proposed to evaluate the sustainability of design alternatives.
In order to assist designers, a computer aided conceptual design system, which is based on B/S architecture, was developed. The system consists of the E-CBP analysis module, the sustainability assessment module, the basic library module and the basic user interface module. The system is scalable, platform independent, user friendly, and so on.
By using this software system, an electric nailing device and an electric polishing device have been studied. The results demonstrated that the proposed E-CBP model and E-CBP based sustainable design method are feasible and effective.
另一方面,随着人们对环境影响的关注,可持续设计的理念也逐渐为人们所接受。近几年来,如何在概念设计过程中,引入可持续设计的方法,以降低产品在生命周期中对环境的影响,也逐渐成为研究的热点。
本论文通过对机电产品的行为特性分析和研究,在已有的因果行为过程(Causal Behavioral Process, CBP)模型的基础上提出了E-CBP行为过程模型,并基于E-CBP模型开展了机电产品的可持续设计方法研究。
针对行为特性的研究,论文首先明确了行为的概念,及其与功能、结构之间的关系。通过对现有机电产品的行为特性分析,提出在行为之间除了因果关系外,还有时序关系、回路关系以及状态关系。提出“之前发生”与“并行发生”的概念,并用于描述行为之间的时序关系,以及基于时序图的表达方法,从而方便了对行为关系的判断。同时引入关键路径法,实现了对行为过程时序关系的优化。针对行为过程中的回路关系,提出了触发行为、回复行为、主行为的概念,在总结回路关系的特性和使用行为的状态关系表达诸如储能机构、智能材料机构等机构的行为特性的基础上,提出了如何在设计过程中利用这些特性进行设计的指导方针。
论文设计了构建E-CBP模型的基本步骤以及基于E-CBP模型的行为结构映射的基本流程。针对现有研究对于不同阶段的设计信息表达方法不一致的现状,引入面向对象的编程思想,以E-CBP模型为基础,提出了基于EBNF(Extended Backus-Naur Form)的行为表达方法,并将该方法扩展到功能、结构、约束以及材料等设计信息的表达,从而为实现设计知识的重用与管理提供了表达基础。
针对可持续设计的需要,在概念设计阶段引入可持续设计的理念,提出基于E-CBP的可持续设计方法。该方法分为基于E-CBP的可持续性预分析与多层次模糊可持续评估两个阶段。根据E-CBP模型的行为特性以及功能共享的原则,提出了六条针对E-CBP模型的可持续设计指导原则,利用这些指导原则对E-CBP模型进行分析与改进,得到了更符合可持续需求的行为过程模型。考虑到概念设计阶段数据的不确定性,在层次分析法与灰度分析法的基础上,提出了多层次模糊可持续评估方法。
为了辅助设计人员进行机电产品的概念设计,构建了基于B/S架构的辅助概念设计系统。该系统实现了E-CBP分析模块、可持续评估模块、基本库模块以及用户基本操作模块等基本功能,并具有很好的可扩展性。
论文最后利用辅助概念设计系统,以电动打钉机和电动抛光机为案例,进行了行为分析与可持续性评估,验证了E-CBP模型以及基于E-CBP的可持续设计方法的可行性。
Conceptual design is the initial stage, also one of the most important stages, of product design process. In the past few decades, researchers have done a lot of works on conceptual design theories and methodologies, where functional design has been given particular emphasis. The function-related works include requirements analysis, functional abstraction, functional decomposition, behavior mapping, design generation and evaluation, and so on. Behavior is used as a link between function and structure to facilitate the design synthesis of complex problems, and it could also assist designers to explore the insight of a design and to develop the design solution.
On the other hand, as people concern more and more on environmental issues, sustainable design is being gradually accepted as a necessity for product design. In recent years, applying sustainable design methods in conceptual design process to reduce the product life cycle environmental impacts have become a focus of design research.
This thesis explored the behavior characteristics of electromechanical products, and proposed an extended causal behavioral process (E-CBP) model. A sustainable design methodology was subsequently proposed by exploiting this E-CBP model.
Firstly, the thesis put forward a definition of behavior, and identified the relationships among behavior, function, structure. By exploring the behavioral characteristics of electromechanical products, we found there are temporal relations, loop relations, state relations besides causal relations between behaviors. We have as such defined "occurred before" and "occur in parallel", which can be used to describe the temporal relationship between behaviors. A representation method based on sequential diagram was also proposed to represent temporal relationships, which can facilitate the identification of temporal relations for designers. We have applied a critical path method (CPM) to optimize the behavioral process for maximizing the productivity of the product being designed. We have identified trigger behavior, revert behavior and main behavior in loop relation, and summarized the characteristics of loop relations and the guidelines that are used to guide the design process. State relation is used to represent the behavior of energy storage mechanisms and those of the mechanisms with intelligent materials.
To address the limitations of the original casual behavioral process (CBP) model, an E-CBP model was subsequently proposed, which is an extension of the original CBP model by introducing the temporal relations, loop relations and state relations. The steps of establishing the E-CBP model were elaborated, so was the mapping process from behavior domain to structure domain based on the E-CBP model. A uniform representation, which was based on EBNF (Extended Backus-Naur Form) grammar and exploited the object-oriented programming ideas, has been proposed to represent the E-CBP model. Additionally, the representation has been extended to represent design information such as function, structure, constraints and materials. This representation scheme has not only provided a basis for design knowledge reuse and management, but also facilitated the computer implementation.
To meet the demand of sustainability in design, a sustainable design method based on the E-CBP model has been proposed, which used in the conceptual design stage. The method includes an E-CBP based pre-analysis and a multi-level fuzzy sustainable assessment. By applying the E-CBP model and function sharing principle, we have summarized six sustainable design guidelines to improve the E-CBP model to fulfill sustainability requirements. Considering the uncertainty and ambiguousness of design parameters in conceptual design, a multi-level fuzz sustainability assessment method was proposed to evaluate the sustainability of design alternatives.
In order to assist designers, a computer aided conceptual design system, which is based on B/S architecture, was developed. The system consists of the E-CBP analysis module, the sustainability assessment module, the basic library module and the basic user interface module. The system is scalable, platform independent, user friendly, and so on.
By using this software system, an electric nailing device and an electric polishing device have been studied. The results demonstrated that the proposed E-CBP model and E-CBP based sustainable design method are feasible and effective.
引文
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