不同形状和结构硫化锌纳米晶的合成及纳米棒的高压研究
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摘要
本论文采用溶剂热合成方法,通过改变反应物的摩尔比例制备出了具有不同结构和形貌的ZnS纳米材料。同时采用超高压金刚石对顶砧和Raman光谱实验方法,首次原位研究了ZnS纳米棒在高压下的拉曼光谱和光致发光光谱,探讨了ZnS纳米棒的压致结构相变以及压力对其发光性质的影响。
在硫化锌ZnS纳米材料的合成研究中发现,通过简单地改变反应物的摩尔比例可以有效地控制合成产物的结构和形貌。改变改变反应物的比例,ZnS纳米材料发生了由闪锌矿和纤锌矿的混合结构到闪锌矿结构再到纤锌矿结构的变化,同时,其形貌发生了由纳米棒和纳米片的混合到六角形纳米片再到纳米棒的变化,发现了在合成过程中ZnS纳米材料的结构和形貌存在相互关联性。实验中首次获得了具有六角形状、闪锌矿结构ZnS纳米片。合成得到的ZnS纳米棒的结晶度较高,直径较小,长径比较高。
首次研究了ZnS纳米棒的高压在位拉曼光谱和光致发光光谱。纳米棒在高压区转变为岩盐矿结构,相变压力高于纳米颗粒和体材料;在低压区可能经历了从纤锌矿结构到闪锌矿结构的相变。压力对其光致发光光谱存在明显的调制作用。
As a key semiconductor with large band gap, ZnS is potential optical material for short-wavelength laser and other photoelectronic devices. The nanometer scale ZnS with different structures and morphologies also have been attracted much interest because of its unique structure and luminescent properties at room temperature. The synthesis of ZnS nanocrystal with different structures and morphologies and the physical properties, especially the photoluminescence property are still challenging topics in this field. High pressure can change the structure of materials, and thus change the physical properties. It provides us a very powerful tool to study the relations between the structure and physical properties. For ZnS nanorods, there is no report on the structure phase transition and their photoluminescence properties in the field of high pressure.
In this work, we have first studied the synthesis of ZnS nanocrystal with different structure and morphology by changing the molar ratio of reactants in the solvothermal process. The synthesis of the ZnS nanosheets with hexagonal-shape in zinc-blende structure is first reported. And the ZnS nanorods with small diameter good crystallization were synthesized. We found that there is strong correlation between the structure and morphology of the ZnS products in the solvothermal process. DAC combination with Raman spectroscopy has been employed to study the structural phase transition of ZnS nanorods under high pressure for the first time. The photoluminescence properties at ambient and hydrostatic pressure effect on the photoluminescence properties also have been studied.
In the process of the solvothermal experiment, the molar ratio of the Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and thiourea was changed between 1:1-1:5, and the structure of the products changed from mixture structure with zincblende and wurtzite to zincblende structure and then to wurtzite structure. The morphology of the products changes from the mixture of nanopaticle and nanorods to nanosheets with hexagonal-shape and then to nanorods. The synthesis of the ZnS nanosheets with hexagonal-shape in zincblende structure is first reported, and the nanosheets with size of 20~50nm is good crystallization. When the molar ratio of the Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and thiourea was changed to 1:5, the obtained ZnS nanorods is good crystallization with the average length of more than 500nm and the average ratio of length to diameter is more than 30. The study of the structure and the morphology of the ZnS products indicates that there is strong correlation between the structure and morphology in the solvothermal process. The photoluminescence of the ZnS nanorods and nanosheets wth pure phase has obvious differences. The ZnS nanosheets have a strong emission band at 534nm while nanorods hav two emission bands at 520nm and 578nm. The results show that we can synthesize the ZnS nanorods with different structure and morphology according to the different application in the luminescence properties.
We have carried out in situ high pressure measurements for Raman spectroscopy of ZnS nanorods at room temperature. From the discussion, we know that the Rocksalt structure of ZnS appears near 16.7GPa, and the transition pressure is higher than that of the reports. Near 9.3GPa, the full width at half magnitude(FWHM) of the LO mode have changed abruptly, and at same time, the center and the FWHM of the PL emission band changed obviously. So we infer that wurtzite structure maybe transforms to zinc blende structure. Under high pressure, the emission band of the ZnS nanorods shifted to long-wave band. When the pressure is up to 16.7GPa, the PL emission band disappeared. The above discuss on the PL spectra under high pressure indicated that the high pressure can modulate the PL spectra of the ZnS nanorods obviously.
在硫化锌ZnS纳米材料的合成研究中发现,通过简单地改变反应物的摩尔比例可以有效地控制合成产物的结构和形貌。改变改变反应物的比例,ZnS纳米材料发生了由闪锌矿和纤锌矿的混合结构到闪锌矿结构再到纤锌矿结构的变化,同时,其形貌发生了由纳米棒和纳米片的混合到六角形纳米片再到纳米棒的变化,发现了在合成过程中ZnS纳米材料的结构和形貌存在相互关联性。实验中首次获得了具有六角形状、闪锌矿结构ZnS纳米片。合成得到的ZnS纳米棒的结晶度较高,直径较小,长径比较高。
首次研究了ZnS纳米棒的高压在位拉曼光谱和光致发光光谱。纳米棒在高压区转变为岩盐矿结构,相变压力高于纳米颗粒和体材料;在低压区可能经历了从纤锌矿结构到闪锌矿结构的相变。压力对其光致发光光谱存在明显的调制作用。
As a key semiconductor with large band gap, ZnS is potential optical material for short-wavelength laser and other photoelectronic devices. The nanometer scale ZnS with different structures and morphologies also have been attracted much interest because of its unique structure and luminescent properties at room temperature. The synthesis of ZnS nanocrystal with different structures and morphologies and the physical properties, especially the photoluminescence property are still challenging topics in this field. High pressure can change the structure of materials, and thus change the physical properties. It provides us a very powerful tool to study the relations between the structure and physical properties. For ZnS nanorods, there is no report on the structure phase transition and their photoluminescence properties in the field of high pressure.
In this work, we have first studied the synthesis of ZnS nanocrystal with different structure and morphology by changing the molar ratio of reactants in the solvothermal process. The synthesis of the ZnS nanosheets with hexagonal-shape in zinc-blende structure is first reported. And the ZnS nanorods with small diameter good crystallization were synthesized. We found that there is strong correlation between the structure and morphology of the ZnS products in the solvothermal process. DAC combination with Raman spectroscopy has been employed to study the structural phase transition of ZnS nanorods under high pressure for the first time. The photoluminescence properties at ambient and hydrostatic pressure effect on the photoluminescence properties also have been studied.
In the process of the solvothermal experiment, the molar ratio of the Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and thiourea was changed between 1:1-1:5, and the structure of the products changed from mixture structure with zincblende and wurtzite to zincblende structure and then to wurtzite structure. The morphology of the products changes from the mixture of nanopaticle and nanorods to nanosheets with hexagonal-shape and then to nanorods. The synthesis of the ZnS nanosheets with hexagonal-shape in zincblende structure is first reported, and the nanosheets with size of 20~50nm is good crystallization. When the molar ratio of the Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and thiourea was changed to 1:5, the obtained ZnS nanorods is good crystallization with the average length of more than 500nm and the average ratio of length to diameter is more than 30. The study of the structure and the morphology of the ZnS products indicates that there is strong correlation between the structure and morphology in the solvothermal process. The photoluminescence of the ZnS nanorods and nanosheets wth pure phase has obvious differences. The ZnS nanosheets have a strong emission band at 534nm while nanorods hav two emission bands at 520nm and 578nm. The results show that we can synthesize the ZnS nanorods with different structure and morphology according to the different application in the luminescence properties.
We have carried out in situ high pressure measurements for Raman spectroscopy of ZnS nanorods at room temperature. From the discussion, we know that the Rocksalt structure of ZnS appears near 16.7GPa, and the transition pressure is higher than that of the reports. Near 9.3GPa, the full width at half magnitude(FWHM) of the LO mode have changed abruptly, and at same time, the center and the FWHM of the PL emission band changed obviously. So we infer that wurtzite structure maybe transforms to zinc blende structure. Under high pressure, the emission band of the ZnS nanorods shifted to long-wave band. When the pressure is up to 16.7GPa, the PL emission band disappeared. The above discuss on the PL spectra under high pressure indicated that the high pressure can modulate the PL spectra of the ZnS nanorods obviously.
引文
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[36]Sun L,Liu C,Liao C and Yan C J. Mater. Chem. 1999 9 1655
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[40]Prevenslik T V J. Lumin. 2000 87 1210
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[42]Shen G Z,BandoY and Golberg D Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006 88 123107
[43]Qadri S B J.Appl.Phys. 2000 89 115
[44]Desgreniers S, Beaulieu L and Lepage I Phys.Rev.B 2000 61 8726
[45]Qadri S B, Skelton E F, Hsu D, Dinsmore A D, Yang J, Gray H F and Ratna B R Phys.Rev.B 1999 60 9191
[46]Soumitra K and Subhadra C J.Phys.Chem.B 2005 109 3298
[47]Jing Y, Meng X M,Liu J, Xie Z Y, Lee C S and Lee S T Adv. Mater., 2003 3 323
[48]Liang C H, Shimizu Y, Sasaki T, Umehara H and Koshizaki N J.Phys.Chem.B 2004 108 9728
[49]Wang Y W, Zhang L D, Liang C H, Wang G Z and Peng X S Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002 357 314
[50]Soumita K and Subhadra C Chem. Phys. Lett. 2005 414 40
[51]Schleede A Angew. Chem. 1937 50 908
[52]Ye C H, Fang X S, Li G H and Zhang L D Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004 85 11
[53]Rosenberg R A and Shenoy G K Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005 86 263115
[54]Wang Y W, Zhang L D, Liang C H, Wang G Z and Peng X S Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002 357 314
[55]张海明, 王之建, 张力功等, 无机材料学报 2002 17 1148
[56]杨素华, 科学发展 2002 358 66
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