大城市快速路系统线网规划研究
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摘要
大城市快速路系统建设投资巨大、影响深远，深受政府和交通规划界的重视。论文以“四阶段法”和城市空间结构理论为基础，对大城市快速路系统规划理论与方法进行了研究。期望通过本研究能对快速路系统规划理论与方法有所综合和发展。
对快速路系统基本特征的认识、把握是进行快速路系统规划的基本前提，论文简明扼要地总结了快速路系统的特点、功能及其组成要素，分析了完整的快速路系统规划的规划程序。对快速路系统规划的交通小区划分进行了深入研究，提出将大城市中长距离出行的这一界定值作为相邻两交通小区形心之间的距离，用这一临界距离值作为交通小区的等价直径值来估算小区规模。契合快速路系统服务于市内中长距离机动车交通和对外机动车交通这一交通特征，提出了快速路系统交通需求预测的思路和方法。
快速路系统线网规划方法的研究是论文的另一个重点。论文分析、总结了快速路系统线网规划的影响因素和规划原则，认为城市空间结构是影响快速路系统线网规划的首要因素。对快速路系统规模进行了研究，提出了两种估算方法。尝试提出了一种新的基于城市空间结构分析的快速路系统线网规划方法——点线面要素分析与控制点优化法。该法对城市空间结构布局中的重要节点、主要的中长距离机动车交通流径期望线的分布、大城市与区域干线公路网的衔接以及快速路系统线网的整体结构等进行分层次的分析研究，得出快速路系统线网构架，运用重要度法、层次分析法找出大城市重要功能组团中重要程度最高的一个或数个关键交叉口作为快速路系统线网规划的控制点，考虑快速路线路走向的控制点对线路走向进行优化。在规划方案的综合评价中，论文提出了快速路系统线网规划综合评价指标体系，运用层次分析法(AHP)对待选方法进行综合评判，用算例对层次分析法进行了示范计算。
The construction of urban expressway system, whose investment is tremendous and effect is far-reaching, is taken seriously by the government and traffic planning circles. On the basis of the Four Phases Method and the theory of urban spatial structure, the research focuses on the theory and the method of urban expressway network planning. I hope this research could promote the development of the theory and method of expressway system planning.
It' s fundamental to understand and grasp the essential characteristics of the expressway system before carrying on the network planning. The characteristics functions and components of the expressway system are summarized, and the integrate procedure of the expressway planning is analyzed in the paper. The traffic zone split is studied deeply. The research regards the critical distance of medium-long distance trip as the centroid distance between the two adjoining traffic zones, and uses this critical distance as the equivalent diameter to estimate the area of the traffic zone. Gearing to the traffic characteristic of the expressway system, which serves the intracity medium-long distance vehicle traffic and the outbound vehicle traffic, the opinion and method how to forecast the traffic demand are raised. It' s one emphasis of the paper.
The research about the method of network planning is another emphasis of the paper. The influence factors and the planning principles are analyzed and summarized. The urban spatial structure is considered to the most important influence factor. Two calculation methods are raised to estimate the expressway network scale. A new planning method-analysis of factors of point line and area and control points optimization, which is based on the analysis of urban spatial structure, is tried to put forward. Analyzing the important functional clusters in the spatial layout of the urban, the
intracity medium-long distance vehicle traffic major directional desire line how the urban to link up with the highway network and the whole structure of expressway system, the skeleton of the expressway network can be obtained. Using the degree of importance method Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), one or several intersections can be selected. These intersections can be regarded as control points to optimize the expressway line route. The paper raises the evaluation criterion system. Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is applied in the integrated evaluation, and a calculation example applying Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is given in the end of the paper.
对快速路系统基本特征的认识、把握是进行快速路系统规划的基本前提，论文简明扼要地总结了快速路系统的特点、功能及其组成要素，分析了完整的快速路系统规划的规划程序。对快速路系统规划的交通小区划分进行了深入研究，提出将大城市中长距离出行的这一界定值作为相邻两交通小区形心之间的距离，用这一临界距离值作为交通小区的等价直径值来估算小区规模。契合快速路系统服务于市内中长距离机动车交通和对外机动车交通这一交通特征，提出了快速路系统交通需求预测的思路和方法。
快速路系统线网规划方法的研究是论文的另一个重点。论文分析、总结了快速路系统线网规划的影响因素和规划原则，认为城市空间结构是影响快速路系统线网规划的首要因素。对快速路系统规模进行了研究，提出了两种估算方法。尝试提出了一种新的基于城市空间结构分析的快速路系统线网规划方法——点线面要素分析与控制点优化法。该法对城市空间结构布局中的重要节点、主要的中长距离机动车交通流径期望线的分布、大城市与区域干线公路网的衔接以及快速路系统线网的整体结构等进行分层次的分析研究，得出快速路系统线网构架，运用重要度法、层次分析法找出大城市重要功能组团中重要程度最高的一个或数个关键交叉口作为快速路系统线网规划的控制点，考虑快速路线路走向的控制点对线路走向进行优化。在规划方案的综合评价中，论文提出了快速路系统线网规划综合评价指标体系，运用层次分析法(AHP)对待选方法进行综合评判，用算例对层次分析法进行了示范计算。
The construction of urban expressway system, whose investment is tremendous and effect is far-reaching, is taken seriously by the government and traffic planning circles. On the basis of the Four Phases Method and the theory of urban spatial structure, the research focuses on the theory and the method of urban expressway network planning. I hope this research could promote the development of the theory and method of expressway system planning.
It' s fundamental to understand and grasp the essential characteristics of the expressway system before carrying on the network planning. The characteristics functions and components of the expressway system are summarized, and the integrate procedure of the expressway planning is analyzed in the paper. The traffic zone split is studied deeply. The research regards the critical distance of medium-long distance trip as the centroid distance between the two adjoining traffic zones, and uses this critical distance as the equivalent diameter to estimate the area of the traffic zone. Gearing to the traffic characteristic of the expressway system, which serves the intracity medium-long distance vehicle traffic and the outbound vehicle traffic, the opinion and method how to forecast the traffic demand are raised. It' s one emphasis of the paper.
The research about the method of network planning is another emphasis of the paper. The influence factors and the planning principles are analyzed and summarized. The urban spatial structure is considered to the most important influence factor. Two calculation methods are raised to estimate the expressway network scale. A new planning method-analysis of factors of point line and area and control points optimization, which is based on the analysis of urban spatial structure, is tried to put forward. Analyzing the important functional clusters in the spatial layout of the urban, the
intracity medium-long distance vehicle traffic major directional desire line how the urban to link up with the highway network and the whole structure of expressway system, the skeleton of the expressway network can be obtained. Using the degree of importance method Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), one or several intersections can be selected. These intersections can be regarded as control points to optimize the expressway line route. The paper raises the evaluation criterion system. Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is applied in the integrated evaluation, and a calculation example applying Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is given in the end of the paper.
引文
[1] 陆化普编著．解析城市交通．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2001年9月．
[2] 中国家用轿车发展战略研究课题组．中国家用轿车发展战略构想．经济日报．1994年10月24日．
[3] 周干峙等著．发展我国大城市交通的研究．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997年6月．
[4] 刘洋．城市快速道路系统规划理论与评价方法研究．哈尔滨建筑大学博士学位论文，2001年．
[5] Yoshitsugu Hayashi and John Roy(Editors). Transport, Land-use and the environment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.
[6] M. R. Wigan. Changes in the Relationship Between Transport, Communication and Urban form. Transportation Vol. 14,NO.4,1987.
[7] Glen D'Este. Trip assignment to radial major roads. Transpn.Res. B.Vol.21. B.No.6, 1987.
[8] Toseph E.Hummer. Unconventional Left-turn alternatives for urban and suburban arterial..Journal, September 1998.
[9] Evils Verhoef. The Economics of Regulating Road. Transport Edward Elgar, 1996.
[10] 苗栓明．城市快速道路系统规划理论与方法的建构。上海：城市规划汇刊，1997年第5期．
[11] 刘桂生．城市快速路系统规划设计．上海：城市道桥与防洪，2000年第1期．
[12] 黄又清．浅谈武汉城市快速路系统．上海：城市道桥与防洪，2002年第2期．
[13] 顾启英．城市快速路设计中若干问题的再认识，上海：城市道桥与防洪，2002年第1期．
[14] 李泽民．浅论城市快速路系统规模及其规划布局．武汉城建学院学报，1997年第3期．
[15] 和坤玲．北京城市快速道路系统节点分析与研究．上海：城市道桥与防洪，2003年第1期．
[16] 安学武 王元庆 杨新义．论修建西安高架快速干道的意义．中国市政工程，2001年第2期．
[17] 侯学钢．上海市快速干道对城镇发展的正负面效应研究．经济地理，2001年第2期．
[2] 中国家用轿车发展战略研究课题组．中国家用轿车发展战略构想．经济日报．1994年10月24日．
[3] 周干峙等著．发展我国大城市交通的研究．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997年6月．
[4] 刘洋．城市快速道路系统规划理论与评价方法研究．哈尔滨建筑大学博士学位论文，2001年．
[5] Yoshitsugu Hayashi and John Roy(Editors). Transport, Land-use and the environment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.
[6] M. R. Wigan. Changes in the Relationship Between Transport, Communication and Urban form. Transportation Vol. 14,NO.4,1987.
[7] Glen D'Este. Trip assignment to radial major roads. Transpn.Res. B.Vol.21. B.No.6, 1987.
[8] Toseph E.Hummer. Unconventional Left-turn alternatives for urban and suburban arterial..Journal, September 1998.
[9] Evils Verhoef. The Economics of Regulating Road. Transport Edward Elgar, 1996.
[10] 苗栓明．城市快速道路系统规划理论与方法的建构。上海：城市规划汇刊，1997年第5期．
[11] 刘桂生．城市快速路系统规划设计．上海：城市道桥与防洪，2000年第1期．
[12] 黄又清．浅谈武汉城市快速路系统．上海：城市道桥与防洪，2002年第2期．
[13] 顾启英．城市快速路设计中若干问题的再认识，上海：城市道桥与防洪，2002年第1期．
[14] 李泽民．浅论城市快速路系统规模及其规划布局．武汉城建学院学报，1997年第3期．
[15] 和坤玲．北京城市快速道路系统节点分析与研究．上海：城市道桥与防洪，2003年第1期．
[16] 安学武 王元庆 杨新义．论修建西安高架快速干道的意义．中国市政工程，2001年第2期．
[17] 侯学钢．上海市快速干道对城镇发展的正负面效应研究．经济地理，2001年第2期．