扫路车液压系统设计与仿真分析
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摘要
扫路车是重要的环卫设备之一，主要用于地面清扫、马路道牙边清扫、马路道牙清洗等工作，适用于各种气候和不同路面的清扫作业，更适合于广场、公路、住宅小区、停车场、码头、机场、车站、水泥厂、电厂等场所的清洁除尘。清扫车的工作装置多为由液压缸或者液压马达来驱动的。多功能、环保、经济等方面更加优化的扫路车应该是我国扫路车目前发展的主要方向。
本文以通用底盘扫路车液压系统为研究对象，介绍了扫路车液压系统研究课题的来源与背景，并对扫路车液压系统国内外发展状况进行了总结与介绍。阐明了扫路车液压系统研究的理论意义与现实意义。通过对国内外扫路车液压系统应用和研究现状以及影响扫路车液压系统性能因素的分析，确定了影响扫路车液压系统性能的两个性能指标因素：液压缸及盘扫马达工作过程中其内部压力和流量变化情况。
本文介绍了三种典型扫路车液压系统的原理，并总结了各液压系统的特点；对本文所研究的扫路车液压系统结构及原理进行介绍，提出该液压系统的性能要求，并对该液压系统的主要元件进行理论计算和分析，为液压系统的仿真分析奠定基础；使用工程系统仿真软件AMESim建立该扫路车液压系统模型，对其中各液压缸及马达工作过程中的油压和流量进行仿真分析，并对仿真结果进行分析。
Road sweeper is one of the important cleaning equipment, mainly used forcleaning the ground, the road teeth edge dissection, the road teeth cleaning andwatering of the ground work, applicable to all kinds of climate and different roadsurface cleaning operation, and more suitable for the square, road, residential area,parking, dock, airport, railway station, cement factory, power plant and other places ofcleaning dust. Sweeper working device is composed of a hydraulic cylinder or ahydraulic motor to drive. Multifunction, environmental protection, economic andother aspects of a more optimized road sweeping vehicles in China should be maindirection of the road sweeper’s development in currently.
Based on the special road sweeper hydraulic system as the research object, thefollowing introduces the source and background of the research subjects of roadsweeper hydraulic system,and the development situation of the road sweeping vehiclehydraulic system at home and abroad were summarized and introduced.Thetheoretical and practical significance of the road sweeper hydraulic system waselucidated.Through to the analysis of the domestic and foreign road sweeper hydraulicsystem application and research status and the influence of road sweeping vehiclehydraulic system performance,two performance indicators factors of the effect ofcleaning vehicle hydraulic system performance were determined: internal pressureand flow variations in working process of hydraulic cylinder and disc cleaner motor.
This paper introduced three forms of road sweeping vehicles hydraulic systemprinciple that using more of the current domestic, and summarizes the characteristicsof hydraulic system; the road sweeper hydraulic system structure and principle areintroduced,put forward the performance of the hydraulic system,and analysis the main components of the hydraulic system as well as the theoretical calculation for thehydraulic system, and that have lay the foundation engineering for the hydraulicsystem simulation analysis.Use the engineering system simulation software AMESimto build the road sweeper hydraulic system model, and the oil pressure and flow in theworking process of each hydraulic cylinder and the motor are simulated, and thesimulation results are analyzed.
本文以通用底盘扫路车液压系统为研究对象，介绍了扫路车液压系统研究课题的来源与背景，并对扫路车液压系统国内外发展状况进行了总结与介绍。阐明了扫路车液压系统研究的理论意义与现实意义。通过对国内外扫路车液压系统应用和研究现状以及影响扫路车液压系统性能因素的分析，确定了影响扫路车液压系统性能的两个性能指标因素：液压缸及盘扫马达工作过程中其内部压力和流量变化情况。
本文介绍了三种典型扫路车液压系统的原理，并总结了各液压系统的特点；对本文所研究的扫路车液压系统结构及原理进行介绍，提出该液压系统的性能要求，并对该液压系统的主要元件进行理论计算和分析，为液压系统的仿真分析奠定基础；使用工程系统仿真软件AMESim建立该扫路车液压系统模型，对其中各液压缸及马达工作过程中的油压和流量进行仿真分析，并对仿真结果进行分析。
Road sweeper is one of the important cleaning equipment, mainly used forcleaning the ground, the road teeth edge dissection, the road teeth cleaning andwatering of the ground work, applicable to all kinds of climate and different roadsurface cleaning operation, and more suitable for the square, road, residential area,parking, dock, airport, railway station, cement factory, power plant and other places ofcleaning dust. Sweeper working device is composed of a hydraulic cylinder or ahydraulic motor to drive. Multifunction, environmental protection, economic andother aspects of a more optimized road sweeping vehicles in China should be maindirection of the road sweeper’s development in currently.
Based on the special road sweeper hydraulic system as the research object, thefollowing introduces the source and background of the research subjects of roadsweeper hydraulic system,and the development situation of the road sweeping vehiclehydraulic system at home and abroad were summarized and introduced.Thetheoretical and practical significance of the road sweeper hydraulic system waselucidated.Through to the analysis of the domestic and foreign road sweeper hydraulicsystem application and research status and the influence of road sweeping vehiclehydraulic system performance,two performance indicators factors of the effect ofcleaning vehicle hydraulic system performance were determined: internal pressureand flow variations in working process of hydraulic cylinder and disc cleaner motor.
This paper introduced three forms of road sweeping vehicles hydraulic systemprinciple that using more of the current domestic, and summarizes the characteristicsof hydraulic system; the road sweeper hydraulic system structure and principle areintroduced,put forward the performance of the hydraulic system,and analysis the main components of the hydraulic system as well as the theoretical calculation for thehydraulic system, and that have lay the foundation engineering for the hydraulicsystem simulation analysis.Use the engineering system simulation software AMESimto build the road sweeper hydraulic system model, and the oil pressure and flow in theworking process of each hydraulic cylinder and the motor are simulated, and thesimulation results are analyzed.
引文
[1]方国浩,范明志等.道路清扫保洁机械的发展历史与趋势[J].商用汽车,2008,94-95.
[2]中联重工科技发展股份有限公司中标事业部.我国扫路车的发展和研究方向[J].建设机械技术与管理,2005,47-48.
[3]李江涛.我国扫路车发展概况与发展趋势[J].建设机械技术与理论,2000,16-17.
[4]张晨光.清扫车工作装置的匹配性能研究[D].长安大学机械电子工程,2010.
[5]许礼鸿.吸扫式路面清扫车使用效能影响因素分析[J].公路与汽车,2005,116-117.
[6]赖杰民.纯扫式扫路车的技术改进及实用效果[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1999,39-41.
[7]汪澍.真空吸尘车在国内扫路车市场另辟蹊径[J].专用汽车,2007,88-90.
[8]张巍.清扫车清扫机构的控制研究[D].重庆大学,2001.
[9]谢立杨.国外路面清扫车概况[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1991,2-5.
[10]李流军,肖庆麟等.我国扫路车技术现状和发展趋势浅探[J].年会三等奖优秀论文选登,2008,34-38.
[11]边心文.基于AMESim注塑机液压系统的建模研究[D].广东工业大学,2011.
[12] Karl-Erik.RYDBERG.PI control based on fuzzy set-point weighting tracking forhydraulic crane boom system[J].Journal of Control Theory and Applications,2003,46:101-122.
[13]苏东海,于江华.液压仿真新技术AMESim及应用[J].计算机应用技术,2006,11:35-37.
[14] HuiXian Han, XianLi Cao. Modeling and Simulation of Multi-Way HydraulicValve Based on AMESim [J].2010The3rd International Conference on PowerElectronics and Intelligent Transportation System,2010.
[15]刘虎云. QS280T型清扫车液压系统的设计[J].液压与气动,2003(4):16-17.
[16]徐宁,钟汉如.吸扫式扫路车液压系统的总体设计与研究[J].液压与气动,2008,5:32-34.
[17]刘芳贤.四扫刷扫路车扫盘液压系统[J].工程机械,2011(42):48-50.
[18]雷天觉.液压工程手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1990.
[19]李红船,冯忠绪.液压系统开式油箱设计[J].起重运输机械,2007(12):58-61.
[20]童瑞.基于AMESim的定重装载液压系统仿真研究[D].西安科技大学，2011.
[21] Wu B. F.，Men J. L.，Chen J. Numerical study on particle removal performance ofpickup head for a street vacuum sweeper [J].Powder Technology,2010, V200(2):16-24.
[22] Peel G. M. Parker G. A. Initial lnvestigations Into the Dynamics of CuttingBrushes for Sweeping [J]. Dynamic systems, Measurement,and Control,2002，V124(12)：675-681.
[23]赵静一,姚成玉.液压系统可靠性工程[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2011.
[24]刘延俊.液压元件及系统的原理、使用与维修[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2010.
[25]顾久军.干湿两用扫路车的结构原理简介[J].专用汽车，2003,24-25.
[26] Chang Y. M.，Chou C. M.，Su K. H.，et al.Effectiveness of street sweepingAtmospheric Environment, and washing for controlling ambient TSP [J].2005，V39(10):1891-1902.
[27] Bideaux.E, Scavarda. S. Pneumatic library for AMESim. Fluid power system andtechnology.1998:185-195.
[28]韩桂华.液压系统设计技巧与禁忌[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2011.
[29]张新荣.清扫车总体布置探讨[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1995(12):9-10.
[30]谢立扬,张志友.清扫车清扫速度对清扫率的影响.筑路机械与施下机械化,1997(14):7-9.
[31]李鄂民.实用液压技术一本通[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2009.
[32]徐云,李欣峰等.计算流体力学在清扫车仿真分析中的应用研究[J].系统仿真学报,2004,Vol16:270-273.
[33] Wallker T. A., Wong T. H. F. The effectiveness of Street Sweeping for StreetStorm water Pollution Control[R].Washington: Cooperative Research Centre forCatchment Hydrology.1999.
[34] Yang Zuxiao. Oil contamination and control of hydraulic system for machinetools. Mechine Toll and Hydraulical.2000(5):102-104
[35] Tian Qian. The measurement of pollution degree of hydraulic system with darkautomatic grain counter. Sci/Tech information development and economy,2003(5):109-110
[36] Pierre Y.Julin Robert N.Meroney History of Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics AtColorado State University[J].Hydrology Days,2003,92-103
[37] Paul Matheson and Jacek Stecki. Development Simulation of a Hydraulic-HybridPowertrain for use in Commercial Heavy Vehicles [J]. Mechine Toll andHydraulical,2003(1):3370-3382
[38]张毅. JAS2008B型道路清扫车的设计.环境卫生工程,2009(19):15-17.
[39]张杜鹊,苏楚奇,欧阳海.前装卸式真空清扫车吸尘系统仿真与优化.机械研究与应用,2009,68-70.
[40]秦娜.扫路车传动系统的探讨与研究.建设机械技术与管理,2000,25.
[41] Zhou S C. Engineering Hydrodynamic [D].Shengyang Northeastern UniversityPress，1995：68-75.
[42] John J. Pippenger. Hydraulic Valves and Controls. Marcel Dekker.INC.1984.
[43] Peter. D. Hydraulic control systems design and analysis of theirdynamics[M]．New York：Spnnger Verlag，1986：34-45
[44] E. C. Fitch, J. B. Surjaafmadja Introduction to Fluid Logic[M].Washington：hemisphere Publishing Co，1970
[45] Libardo V. V.，Magd M. A.，Graham A. P. Effectiveness of gutter brushes inremoving street sweeping waste[J].Waste Management,2009, V30(10):174-184
[46] Andreas Remmelmann and Hubertus Murrenhoff. Environmentally AcceptableHydraulic Pressure Media-New Chances for Mobile Hydraulic [D].AachenUniversity.1998.
[47] Peter Rohner. Fluid Power Logic Circuit Design-analysis，designmethods andworked examples[M].London：The Macmillan Press LTD，1999.
[48]赖富才.污水循环技术在扫路车中的应用.公路与汽运，2008（129）:139-140.
[49] Gorodilov L.V. Mathematical models of Hydraulic percussion systems[J]．Journalof MiningScience,2005:475-498.
[50] G. J. Schoenau and R.T.Burton. A New Technique for Improved Performance ofthe Pulse Width Modulation Control of Hydraulic Systems [D]. University ofSaskatchewan,1995.
[51] Zhou S. C. Engineering Hydrodynamics [D].Shengyang Northeastern UniversityPress,1995：68-75
[52] Alan Hitchcox. Efficiency comes from control [J]. Motion System Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2005, vol58:28-30.
[53] DeCuyper J, Furmann M, Kading D, etal. Vehicle dynamtics with LMS VirtualLab Motion [J]. Vehicle System Dynamics,2007(6):199-206
[54] Satoshi Aoyagi, Yusuke Hasegawa, etc. Energy efficency improvement of serieshybrid vehicle [J].SAE Review,2001(22):259-264.
[55] IAnderson C, Pettit E. The effects of APU characteristics on the design of hybridhybrid electric vehicle [J].SAE,950493:65-71.
[2]中联重工科技发展股份有限公司中标事业部.我国扫路车的发展和研究方向[J].建设机械技术与管理,2005,47-48.
[3]李江涛.我国扫路车发展概况与发展趋势[J].建设机械技术与理论,2000,16-17.
[4]张晨光.清扫车工作装置的匹配性能研究[D].长安大学机械电子工程,2010.
[5]许礼鸿.吸扫式路面清扫车使用效能影响因素分析[J].公路与汽车,2005,116-117.
[6]赖杰民.纯扫式扫路车的技术改进及实用效果[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1999,39-41.
[7]汪澍.真空吸尘车在国内扫路车市场另辟蹊径[J].专用汽车,2007,88-90.
[8]张巍.清扫车清扫机构的控制研究[D].重庆大学,2001.
[9]谢立杨.国外路面清扫车概况[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1991,2-5.
[10]李流军,肖庆麟等.我国扫路车技术现状和发展趋势浅探[J].年会三等奖优秀论文选登,2008,34-38.
[11]边心文.基于AMESim注塑机液压系统的建模研究[D].广东工业大学,2011.
[12] Karl-Erik.RYDBERG.PI control based on fuzzy set-point weighting tracking forhydraulic crane boom system[J].Journal of Control Theory and Applications,2003,46:101-122.
[13]苏东海,于江华.液压仿真新技术AMESim及应用[J].计算机应用技术,2006,11:35-37.
[14] HuiXian Han, XianLi Cao. Modeling and Simulation of Multi-Way HydraulicValve Based on AMESim [J].2010The3rd International Conference on PowerElectronics and Intelligent Transportation System,2010.
[15]刘虎云. QS280T型清扫车液压系统的设计[J].液压与气动,2003(4):16-17.
[16]徐宁,钟汉如.吸扫式扫路车液压系统的总体设计与研究[J].液压与气动,2008,5:32-34.
[17]刘芳贤.四扫刷扫路车扫盘液压系统[J].工程机械,2011(42):48-50.
[18]雷天觉.液压工程手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1990.
[19]李红船,冯忠绪.液压系统开式油箱设计[J].起重运输机械,2007(12):58-61.
[20]童瑞.基于AMESim的定重装载液压系统仿真研究[D].西安科技大学，2011.
[21] Wu B. F.，Men J. L.，Chen J. Numerical study on particle removal performance ofpickup head for a street vacuum sweeper [J].Powder Technology,2010, V200(2):16-24.
[22] Peel G. M. Parker G. A. Initial lnvestigations Into the Dynamics of CuttingBrushes for Sweeping [J]. Dynamic systems, Measurement,and Control,2002，V124(12)：675-681.
[23]赵静一,姚成玉.液压系统可靠性工程[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2011.
[24]刘延俊.液压元件及系统的原理、使用与维修[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2010.
[25]顾久军.干湿两用扫路车的结构原理简介[J].专用汽车，2003,24-25.
[26] Chang Y. M.，Chou C. M.，Su K. H.，et al.Effectiveness of street sweepingAtmospheric Environment, and washing for controlling ambient TSP [J].2005，V39(10):1891-1902.
[27] Bideaux.E, Scavarda. S. Pneumatic library for AMESim. Fluid power system andtechnology.1998:185-195.
[28]韩桂华.液压系统设计技巧与禁忌[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2011.
[29]张新荣.清扫车总体布置探讨[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,1995(12):9-10.
[30]谢立扬,张志友.清扫车清扫速度对清扫率的影响.筑路机械与施下机械化,1997(14):7-9.
[31]李鄂民.实用液压技术一本通[M].北京：化学工业出版社，2009.
[32]徐云,李欣峰等.计算流体力学在清扫车仿真分析中的应用研究[J].系统仿真学报,2004,Vol16:270-273.
[33] Wallker T. A., Wong T. H. F. The effectiveness of Street Sweeping for StreetStorm water Pollution Control[R].Washington: Cooperative Research Centre forCatchment Hydrology.1999.
[34] Yang Zuxiao. Oil contamination and control of hydraulic system for machinetools. Mechine Toll and Hydraulical.2000(5):102-104
[35] Tian Qian. The measurement of pollution degree of hydraulic system with darkautomatic grain counter. Sci/Tech information development and economy,2003(5):109-110
[36] Pierre Y.Julin Robert N.Meroney History of Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics AtColorado State University[J].Hydrology Days,2003,92-103
[37] Paul Matheson and Jacek Stecki. Development Simulation of a Hydraulic-HybridPowertrain for use in Commercial Heavy Vehicles [J]. Mechine Toll andHydraulical,2003(1):3370-3382
[38]张毅. JAS2008B型道路清扫车的设计.环境卫生工程,2009(19):15-17.
[39]张杜鹊,苏楚奇,欧阳海.前装卸式真空清扫车吸尘系统仿真与优化.机械研究与应用,2009,68-70.
[40]秦娜.扫路车传动系统的探讨与研究.建设机械技术与管理,2000,25.
[41] Zhou S C. Engineering Hydrodynamic [D].Shengyang Northeastern UniversityPress，1995：68-75.
[42] John J. Pippenger. Hydraulic Valves and Controls. Marcel Dekker.INC.1984.
[43] Peter. D. Hydraulic control systems design and analysis of theirdynamics[M]．New York：Spnnger Verlag，1986：34-45
[44] E. C. Fitch, J. B. Surjaafmadja Introduction to Fluid Logic[M].Washington：hemisphere Publishing Co，1970
[45] Libardo V. V.，Magd M. A.，Graham A. P. Effectiveness of gutter brushes inremoving street sweeping waste[J].Waste Management,2009, V30(10):174-184
[46] Andreas Remmelmann and Hubertus Murrenhoff. Environmentally AcceptableHydraulic Pressure Media-New Chances for Mobile Hydraulic [D].AachenUniversity.1998.
[47] Peter Rohner. Fluid Power Logic Circuit Design-analysis，designmethods andworked examples[M].London：The Macmillan Press LTD，1999.
[48]赖富才.污水循环技术在扫路车中的应用.公路与汽运，2008（129）:139-140.
[49] Gorodilov L.V. Mathematical models of Hydraulic percussion systems[J]．Journalof MiningScience,2005:475-498.
[50] G. J. Schoenau and R.T.Burton. A New Technique for Improved Performance ofthe Pulse Width Modulation Control of Hydraulic Systems [D]. University ofSaskatchewan,1995.
[51] Zhou S. C. Engineering Hydrodynamics [D].Shengyang Northeastern UniversityPress,1995：68-75
[52] Alan Hitchcox. Efficiency comes from control [J]. Motion System Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2005, vol58:28-30.
[53] DeCuyper J, Furmann M, Kading D, etal. Vehicle dynamtics with LMS VirtualLab Motion [J]. Vehicle System Dynamics,2007(6):199-206
[54] Satoshi Aoyagi, Yusuke Hasegawa, etc. Energy efficency improvement of serieshybrid vehicle [J].SAE Review,2001(22):259-264.
[55] IAnderson C, Pettit E. The effects of APU characteristics on the design of hybridhybrid electric vehicle [J].SAE,950493:65-71.