窄脉冲激光光谱与入射方向被动探测方法与关键技术研究
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摘要
窄脉冲激光光谱与入射方向探测是激光告警系统中的核心技术，实时、准确的探测来袭激光光谱和入射方向等信息，是激光告警的前提和难题。本文在分析现有脉冲激光探测技术的基础上，研究了激光告警技术中的若干关键问题，主要研究内容如下：
1、在分析窄脉冲激光在军事上的应用及其探测技术发展的技术上，提出一种大视场、高光谱分辨率的脉冲激光入射方向和光谱探测系统模型。该模型综合运用了光纤传感、光电探测和静态傅里叶变换等相关理论与技术，可实现对入射窄脉冲激光相关参数的快速获取；
2、建立了精确分割空间视场的大视场光学接收头模型，该模型将三角窗口和梯形窗口配合使用，实现了对视场空间的精确分割，克服了圆型窗口重叠视场不均匀，甚至出现视场盲区的缺点。理论分析了窗口大小、形状，接收器位置、窗口材料、窗口透镜等因素对视场的影响。开发了原理样机，并进行了实验验证；实现了使用6个三角形窗口和6个梯形窗口，将方位角范围360°，俯仰角90°均匀分割成36个视场空间，分辨率达30°。
3、研究了锥形透镜光纤视场原理，建立了其视场分析理论模型，分析了光纤锥角与光纤视场之间的关系，以及透镜大小和焦距与光纤视场之间的关系，理论表明使用数值孔径为0.22的双石英光纤，锥角为116°时，单根光纤视场达到最大也为116°。将锥形透镜光纤技术引入到多窗口大视场激光告警接收机中，定做了几种以增大光纤视场为目的的锥形透镜光纤，实验结果表明单根光纤视场实际达到110°，有效增大了光纤视场，满足了该项研究的需求；
4、建立了激光信号传输、光电转换、信号放大及噪声分析理论模型，从理论上分析了大气质量、光电探测器件性能及信号处理电路对探测性能的影响；在此基础设计了实验系统，信号接收光学系统、光电转换及放大处理电路，从实验上验证了所建立理论模型的正确性；
5、提出并设计了一种静态傅里叶变换干涉具，从理论上分析了其工作原理及各项性能指标。以该干涉具为核心设计了快速傅里叶变换光谱探测实验系统，对几种半导体激光器输出激光进行了测试，并与日本生产的Q8344A型光谱仪测试结果进行了对比分析，结果表明，该实验系统可以正确测试激光器输出激光。针对所设计的静态傅里叶变换干涉具形成的干涉图，提出了一种基于数据重复利用的光谱分辨率增强理论，并进行了实验验证和理论分析了该方法的优缺点。
Military Short pulse laser detection technology is the core of the laser warning system(LWS). It is the difficulty and promise of LWS, real-time and accurately acquiring theincident direction and spectral information of the incident short pulse laser. In this dissertation,some key problems of the laser warning technology have been studied based on the analysisof existing laser warning technology. The main research contents of the paper as show below:
First, a detection system model of short pulse laser incident direction and spectral information withwide field of view was established, based on the research of short pulse laser application inmilitary and the development tendency of detection technology. The model may realize thequickly detecting incident short pulse laser, comprehensive using the theories andtechnologies of optical fiber and optic-electronic detection and static Fourier transform and soon.
Second, a optical receiver head model have been established to precisely and equablydivide the space field of view (FOV), with6triangle windows and6trapezoidal shapewindows. It can overcome the defect using circular window which can cause the unevenoverlapping FOV of adjacent windows and even scotoma. Some factors have been analyzedin theory such as size and shape of windows, fixed position of photo detector, windowmaterial, lens etc, and correspond experiment have been done, result showed that we realizedhemisphere FOV space divided into36equal parts, with6triangle windows and6trapezoidalshape windows, and the resolution reached30°.
Third, a tapered and lensed fiber have been designed in order to increase the FOV, and itstheoretical model have been established to analyze the relations of the fiber’s FOV with thefiber cone angle and the size of lens and focus length. The FOV can achieve116°, if we use double quartz fiber with NA0.22and cone angle116°. In experiment, we designed severalTLF and tested their performance, and the result showed that maximal FOV of single TLF is110°.
Forth, a theoretical model was established of laser propagation and photoelectricconversion and signal amplification and noise analysis to discuss the effect of air quality andphotoelectric device and signal processing circuits on the detection performance. We designedthe experiment system and corresponds optical and electric circuits to verify the validity ofthe model.
Fifth, a new static Fourier transform interference etalon model have been present in thepaper, we analyzed its working principle and proved its various performance in theory. Anexperimental system has been designed to test quickly the spectral information of laser basedon the etalon. Several semiconductor lasers emission have been tested using the experimentalsystem, and compared the result with spectral information obtained by using the Q8344Aspectrometer made in Japan, the result showed that the experimental system can obtain thecorrect spectral information. At last, a spectral resolution enhance method has beet putforward according to the static Fourier transform interference etalon based on repeated use ofinterferogram, and its advantage and disadvantage has been discussed in theory.
1、在分析窄脉冲激光在军事上的应用及其探测技术发展的技术上，提出一种大视场、高光谱分辨率的脉冲激光入射方向和光谱探测系统模型。该模型综合运用了光纤传感、光电探测和静态傅里叶变换等相关理论与技术，可实现对入射窄脉冲激光相关参数的快速获取；
2、建立了精确分割空间视场的大视场光学接收头模型，该模型将三角窗口和梯形窗口配合使用，实现了对视场空间的精确分割，克服了圆型窗口重叠视场不均匀，甚至出现视场盲区的缺点。理论分析了窗口大小、形状，接收器位置、窗口材料、窗口透镜等因素对视场的影响。开发了原理样机，并进行了实验验证；实现了使用6个三角形窗口和6个梯形窗口，将方位角范围360°，俯仰角90°均匀分割成36个视场空间，分辨率达30°。
3、研究了锥形透镜光纤视场原理，建立了其视场分析理论模型，分析了光纤锥角与光纤视场之间的关系，以及透镜大小和焦距与光纤视场之间的关系，理论表明使用数值孔径为0.22的双石英光纤，锥角为116°时，单根光纤视场达到最大也为116°。将锥形透镜光纤技术引入到多窗口大视场激光告警接收机中，定做了几种以增大光纤视场为目的的锥形透镜光纤，实验结果表明单根光纤视场实际达到110°，有效增大了光纤视场，满足了该项研究的需求；
4、建立了激光信号传输、光电转换、信号放大及噪声分析理论模型，从理论上分析了大气质量、光电探测器件性能及信号处理电路对探测性能的影响；在此基础设计了实验系统，信号接收光学系统、光电转换及放大处理电路，从实验上验证了所建立理论模型的正确性；
5、提出并设计了一种静态傅里叶变换干涉具，从理论上分析了其工作原理及各项性能指标。以该干涉具为核心设计了快速傅里叶变换光谱探测实验系统，对几种半导体激光器输出激光进行了测试，并与日本生产的Q8344A型光谱仪测试结果进行了对比分析，结果表明，该实验系统可以正确测试激光器输出激光。针对所设计的静态傅里叶变换干涉具形成的干涉图，提出了一种基于数据重复利用的光谱分辨率增强理论，并进行了实验验证和理论分析了该方法的优缺点。
Military Short pulse laser detection technology is the core of the laser warning system(LWS). It is the difficulty and promise of LWS, real-time and accurately acquiring theincident direction and spectral information of the incident short pulse laser. In this dissertation,some key problems of the laser warning technology have been studied based on the analysisof existing laser warning technology. The main research contents of the paper as show below:
First, a detection system model of short pulse laser incident direction and spectral information withwide field of view was established, based on the research of short pulse laser application inmilitary and the development tendency of detection technology. The model may realize thequickly detecting incident short pulse laser, comprehensive using the theories andtechnologies of optical fiber and optic-electronic detection and static Fourier transform and soon.
Second, a optical receiver head model have been established to precisely and equablydivide the space field of view (FOV), with6triangle windows and6trapezoidal shapewindows. It can overcome the defect using circular window which can cause the unevenoverlapping FOV of adjacent windows and even scotoma. Some factors have been analyzedin theory such as size and shape of windows, fixed position of photo detector, windowmaterial, lens etc, and correspond experiment have been done, result showed that we realizedhemisphere FOV space divided into36equal parts, with6triangle windows and6trapezoidalshape windows, and the resolution reached30°.
Third, a tapered and lensed fiber have been designed in order to increase the FOV, and itstheoretical model have been established to analyze the relations of the fiber’s FOV with thefiber cone angle and the size of lens and focus length. The FOV can achieve116°, if we use double quartz fiber with NA0.22and cone angle116°. In experiment, we designed severalTLF and tested their performance, and the result showed that maximal FOV of single TLF is110°.
Forth, a theoretical model was established of laser propagation and photoelectricconversion and signal amplification and noise analysis to discuss the effect of air quality andphotoelectric device and signal processing circuits on the detection performance. We designedthe experiment system and corresponds optical and electric circuits to verify the validity ofthe model.
Fifth, a new static Fourier transform interference etalon model have been present in thepaper, we analyzed its working principle and proved its various performance in theory. Anexperimental system has been designed to test quickly the spectral information of laser basedon the etalon. Several semiconductor lasers emission have been tested using the experimentalsystem, and compared the result with spectral information obtained by using the Q8344Aspectrometer made in Japan, the result showed that the experimental system can obtain thecorrect spectral information. At last, a spectral resolution enhance method has beet putforward according to the static Fourier transform interference etalon based on repeated use ofinterferogram, and its advantage and disadvantage has been discussed in theory.
引文
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