面向语义Web的高校专业课程资源库检索系统的设计与实现
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摘要
网络教学资源是开展网络教育的前提和基础。随着Web技术及网络信息技术的发展,网络教学资源越来越丰富,各类教育资源种类繁多,表现形式丰富,为学习者提供了广泛的选择余地和广阔发展空间。当前Web网页包含的各种资源信息量正呈指数级增长,但如何将所需信息资源从这些无穷的网络资源海洋中准确、快速地查找出来,合理利用,已经成为互联网技术发展的重要问题。本文提出了一种面向语义Web的高校专业课程教学资源库平台的初步框架,并探索应用语义Web的相关技术,实现了基于语义Web的教学资源的智能检索。
论文首先对比分析了当前高校网络教学资源库的建设现状以及网络教学资源建设中存在的问题,对语义Web研究的现状及应用进行了分析,阐述了其在教学资源管理及检索中的应用。其次,从语义Web的功能及层次组成、网格技术、本体技术等方面对语义Web的理论基础及相关技术进行了研究分析,其中着重研究了其在网络教学资源的知识组织、知识管理、知识发现及知识检索等方面的优势。再次,对当前教育资源建设标准及其规范进行分析研究,在国际规范和标准下建构网络教学资源的数据模型。第四,对语义Web架构下的教学资源管理相关技术进行研究分析,包括网络教学资源知识库的构建、基于语义Web的知识处理流程及知识的发现与获取、面向语义Web的资源操作语言、知识检索技术、Web数据挖掘等,为下一步的研究工作提供理论及技术保证。最后,在前面章节研究的基础上,提出面向语义Web的高校专业课程教学资源库的初步框架,并进行系统设计及关键技术的分析。然后应用Protege4.0建模工具、JBuilder2008作为开发环境、Tomcat7.0作为服务器环境以及jsp技术进行基于语义Web的教学资源智能检索系统的设计与实现。
Online teaching resources or to carry out the premise and basis for online education. With Web technology and network information technology, network more and more abundant teaching resources, various forms, and various professional courses after another teaching resource database, and present a wide range of online educational resources, form a very rich, for learners offers a wide range of choices and broad development space. Web page contains a variety of information resources is growing exponentially, but the overload of information resources brought about the growing phenomenon. How hundreds of millions of information resources from the ocean quickly and accurately find the information they need, have become an increasingly important issue of concern. Based on these issues, this paper presents a semantic Web-oriented professional courses in University Teaching Resources preliminary framework for the platform, and to explore the application of semantic Web-related technology, semantic Web based intelligent retrieval of teaching resources. Specific study from the following aspects.
First of all literature, comparative analysis of the current Network Teaching Resources on the construction status and network existing in the construction of teaching resources, pointing out that the issue needs to be examined. Meanwhile, the semantic Web research to analyze the status and application, and further elaborated its teaching resources management and Retrieval. Secondly, the theoretical basis of semantic Web and related technology research and analysis, from the level of semantic Web features and the composition of grid technology, and other aspects of ontology described analysis, the analysis focuses on online teaching resources in knowledge organization, knowledge management, knowledge discovery and knowledge search, etc. were discussed. Again, on the current construction standards and norms of educational resources for analysis, under the international norms and standards of teaching resources in the construction of the network data model. Fourth, the semantic Web architecture teaching resources management related technology research and analysis, including online teaching resources, knowledge base de construction, semantic Web based knowledge processing and knowledge discovery and acquisition, operation of resources for the semantic Web language knowledge retrieval, Web data mining, for further research to provide theoretical and technical assurance. Finally, in the previous section based on the study, proposed for the semantic Web professional courses in University Teaching Resources preliminary framework and key technologies for system design and analysis. Modeling tool and then apply Protege4.0, JBuilder2008 as the development environment, Tomcat7.0 jsp as a server environment and technology teaching resources based on semantic Web design and implementation of intelligent retrieval.
论文首先对比分析了当前高校网络教学资源库的建设现状以及网络教学资源建设中存在的问题,对语义Web研究的现状及应用进行了分析,阐述了其在教学资源管理及检索中的应用。其次,从语义Web的功能及层次组成、网格技术、本体技术等方面对语义Web的理论基础及相关技术进行了研究分析,其中着重研究了其在网络教学资源的知识组织、知识管理、知识发现及知识检索等方面的优势。再次,对当前教育资源建设标准及其规范进行分析研究,在国际规范和标准下建构网络教学资源的数据模型。第四,对语义Web架构下的教学资源管理相关技术进行研究分析,包括网络教学资源知识库的构建、基于语义Web的知识处理流程及知识的发现与获取、面向语义Web的资源操作语言、知识检索技术、Web数据挖掘等,为下一步的研究工作提供理论及技术保证。最后,在前面章节研究的基础上,提出面向语义Web的高校专业课程教学资源库的初步框架,并进行系统设计及关键技术的分析。然后应用Protege4.0建模工具、JBuilder2008作为开发环境、Tomcat7.0作为服务器环境以及jsp技术进行基于语义Web的教学资源智能检索系统的设计与实现。
Online teaching resources or to carry out the premise and basis for online education. With Web technology and network information technology, network more and more abundant teaching resources, various forms, and various professional courses after another teaching resource database, and present a wide range of online educational resources, form a very rich, for learners offers a wide range of choices and broad development space. Web page contains a variety of information resources is growing exponentially, but the overload of information resources brought about the growing phenomenon. How hundreds of millions of information resources from the ocean quickly and accurately find the information they need, have become an increasingly important issue of concern. Based on these issues, this paper presents a semantic Web-oriented professional courses in University Teaching Resources preliminary framework for the platform, and to explore the application of semantic Web-related technology, semantic Web based intelligent retrieval of teaching resources. Specific study from the following aspects.
First of all literature, comparative analysis of the current Network Teaching Resources on the construction status and network existing in the construction of teaching resources, pointing out that the issue needs to be examined. Meanwhile, the semantic Web research to analyze the status and application, and further elaborated its teaching resources management and Retrieval. Secondly, the theoretical basis of semantic Web and related technology research and analysis, from the level of semantic Web features and the composition of grid technology, and other aspects of ontology described analysis, the analysis focuses on online teaching resources in knowledge organization, knowledge management, knowledge discovery and knowledge search, etc. were discussed. Again, on the current construction standards and norms of educational resources for analysis, under the international norms and standards of teaching resources in the construction of the network data model. Fourth, the semantic Web architecture teaching resources management related technology research and analysis, including online teaching resources, knowledge base de construction, semantic Web based knowledge processing and knowledge discovery and acquisition, operation of resources for the semantic Web language knowledge retrieval, Web data mining, for further research to provide theoretical and technical assurance. Finally, in the previous section based on the study, proposed for the semantic Web professional courses in University Teaching Resources preliminary framework and key technologies for system design and analysis. Modeling tool and then apply Protege4.0, JBuilder2008 as the development environment, Tomcat7.0 jsp as a server environment and technology teaching resources based on semantic Web design and implementation of intelligent retrieval.
引文
[1]汪家宝,杨德军.关于美国e—Learning理念产生的背景及其发展过程的探讨[J].电化教育研究,2007(3):93-96
[2]祝智庭.网络教育技术标准研究[J].电化教育研究,2001(8):72-78
[3]祝智庭.网络教育技术标准研究概况[J].开放教育研究,2001(4):12-16
[4]彭兵.基于学习对象的教学设计模型研究[D]上海.华东师范大学.2003
[5] SCORM 2004? 3rd Edition[EB/OL].http://www.adlnet.gov/scorm
[6]彭兵.基于学习对象的教学设计模型研究(D)上海.华东师范大学.2003
[7]余胜泉.SCORM:E—Learning的国际技术标准[J].中国远程教育,2003(2):25-27
[8]汪家宝,杨德军.关于美国e—Learning理念产生的背景及其发展过程的探讨[J].电化教育研究,2007(3):93~96
[9]高星杨宏伟.Scorm规范的研究及符合该规范的LMS系统的设计[J].计算机与网络(科技信息),2003(5):120-127
[10]桂清杨.学习的未来从E_Learning到Mlearning [J].中国远程教育,2003(资讯版):74-76.
[11]孙丽.Web数据的挖掘方法研究[D].大庆石油学院,2004,02.
[12]尹世群.Web文本分类关键技术研究[D].西南大学,2008,04.
[13]周莹.Web语义网中教学资源库自动分类系统[J].山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2007(02):18-23.
[14]侯振华.高等院校学科专业知识资源库的构建及应用[D].武汉理工大学,2007,11.
[15]魏春燕.基础教育多媒体网络教学资源检索研究[D].山东师范大学,2008,04.
[16]邹文科.基于本体技术的语义检索及其语义相似度研究[D].北京邮电大学,2008,05.
[17]田萱.基于上下文的信息检索关键技术研究[D].中国人民大学,2007,10.
[18]李满玲,杨志茹,罗花芝.基于语义Web的精品课程资源库本体的建立[J].计算机与现代化,2010(06):36-39.
[19]朝乐门.基于语义Web的知识处理流程及其技术框架研究[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009(05):41-49.
[20]李艳燕.基于语义的学习资源管理及利用[D].中国科学院研究生院,2005,04.
[21]宋捷.基于语义网络的远程教育系统研究[D].对外经济贸易大学,2006,04.
[22]曾立胜.教学资源的元数据表示及自然语义查询[D].电子科技大学,2008,03.
[23]盛秋戬.语义Web中的资源管理与主体技术研究[D].中国科学院研究生院,2004,05.
[24]武浩.资源共享网络中语义信息管理与检索研究[D].华中科技大学,2007,06.
[25]朱雪刚.基于语义网络的教学资源搜索引擎研究[D].东北师范大学,2006,05.
[26]翟晓华.中文信息的语义数据挖掘技术研究[D].湖南大学,2008,04.
[27]肖克曦,王济军,王维花。基于语义Web的网络教学平台构建研究[J].电脑知识与技, 2010(19):37-41.
[28]沈洁,薛贵荣.一种基于XML的Web数据挖掘模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(09):31-37.
[29]美国ASTD Amy Finn.E-Learning发展的十大趋势[N].国际资讯,2003
[30]祝智庭.网络教育技术标准研究概况[J].开放教育研究,2001(4):12-16
[31]余胜泉.移动学习_当代E_Learning的新领域[J].中国远程教育,2003,(专家顾问):76-78.
[32]甘健侯,杨志荣,陈恳.基于语义Web的网络教学资源知识库构建研究与应用[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(S2):28-34.
[33]王晓东,高宏卿.基于语义Web的学习支持系统构架[J].电化教育研究, 2005(03):19-26 .
[34]闫洪森,张野,孙娜,孔德冉,杨喜权.基于本体的知识库构建方法[J].情报科学, 2007, (09):29-34 .
[35]林木辉,张杰,汪星一.一种基于本体的学科知识库构建方法[J].闽江学院学报, 2008 (05):31-37.
[36]程南清.基于学习对象的个性化网络教学资源的研究与构建[J].中国电化教育, 2007 (09):30-37 .
[37]曾玲,丁新.语义Web技术的相关教育应用研究述评[J].中国电化教育, 2007(01):61-67 .
[38]陈彦.基于语义Web的智能答疑系统研究[J].职业时空, 2007(09):19-25 .
[39]程南清.基于本体的个性化智能答疑系统的设计[J].计算机系统应用, 2008(04):61-67.
[40]王欣,刘晓东.语义Web技术在网络教育中的应用[J].西南科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2004(03):110-117 .
[41]徐佳宁.面向对象的学科教学资源平台的构建研究[J].现代情报, 2007 (03):22-27 .
[42]黄屹,顾进广,陈莘萌,陈和平.网格环境下基于本体的知识库模型研究[J].武汉大学学报(理学版), 2005(05):41-16.
[43] Desmond Keegan.The future of Learning:From Elearningg to Mlearning〔R〕.上海2000
[44] SCORM 20043rd Edition Documentation Suite[EB/DL], http://www.adlnet.gov/scorm/
[45] Barrie Wade. Was Humpty Dumpty Right? An Exploratory Study of Semantic Priming and Lexical Access[J]. Educational Psychology,1995.
[46] K. W. Lawson;P. A. Golder. The use of semantic knowledge to enhance statistical software[J]. Journal of Applied Statistics,1991.
[47] Stephanie L. Greenham,Robert M. Stelmack. Event-Related Potentials and Picture-Word Naming: Effects of Attention and Semantic Relation for Children and Adults[J]. Developmental Neuropsychology,2001
[2]祝智庭.网络教育技术标准研究[J].电化教育研究,2001(8):72-78
[3]祝智庭.网络教育技术标准研究概况[J].开放教育研究,2001(4):12-16
[4]彭兵.基于学习对象的教学设计模型研究[D]上海.华东师范大学.2003
[5] SCORM 2004? 3rd Edition[EB/OL].http://www.adlnet.gov/scorm
[6]彭兵.基于学习对象的教学设计模型研究(D)上海.华东师范大学.2003
[7]余胜泉.SCORM:E—Learning的国际技术标准[J].中国远程教育,2003(2):25-27
[8]汪家宝,杨德军.关于美国e—Learning理念产生的背景及其发展过程的探讨[J].电化教育研究,2007(3):93~96
[9]高星杨宏伟.Scorm规范的研究及符合该规范的LMS系统的设计[J].计算机与网络(科技信息),2003(5):120-127
[10]桂清杨.学习的未来从E_Learning到Mlearning [J].中国远程教育,2003(资讯版):74-76.
[11]孙丽.Web数据的挖掘方法研究[D].大庆石油学院,2004,02.
[12]尹世群.Web文本分类关键技术研究[D].西南大学,2008,04.
[13]周莹.Web语义网中教学资源库自动分类系统[J].山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2007(02):18-23.
[14]侯振华.高等院校学科专业知识资源库的构建及应用[D].武汉理工大学,2007,11.
[15]魏春燕.基础教育多媒体网络教学资源检索研究[D].山东师范大学,2008,04.
[16]邹文科.基于本体技术的语义检索及其语义相似度研究[D].北京邮电大学,2008,05.
[17]田萱.基于上下文的信息检索关键技术研究[D].中国人民大学,2007,10.
[18]李满玲,杨志茹,罗花芝.基于语义Web的精品课程资源库本体的建立[J].计算机与现代化,2010(06):36-39.
[19]朝乐门.基于语义Web的知识处理流程及其技术框架研究[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009(05):41-49.
[20]李艳燕.基于语义的学习资源管理及利用[D].中国科学院研究生院,2005,04.
[21]宋捷.基于语义网络的远程教育系统研究[D].对外经济贸易大学,2006,04.
[22]曾立胜.教学资源的元数据表示及自然语义查询[D].电子科技大学,2008,03.
[23]盛秋戬.语义Web中的资源管理与主体技术研究[D].中国科学院研究生院,2004,05.
[24]武浩.资源共享网络中语义信息管理与检索研究[D].华中科技大学,2007,06.
[25]朱雪刚.基于语义网络的教学资源搜索引擎研究[D].东北师范大学,2006,05.
[26]翟晓华.中文信息的语义数据挖掘技术研究[D].湖南大学,2008,04.
[27]肖克曦,王济军,王维花。基于语义Web的网络教学平台构建研究[J].电脑知识与技, 2010(19):37-41.
[28]沈洁,薛贵荣.一种基于XML的Web数据挖掘模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(09):31-37.
[29]美国ASTD Amy Finn.E-Learning发展的十大趋势[N].国际资讯,2003
[30]祝智庭.网络教育技术标准研究概况[J].开放教育研究,2001(4):12-16
[31]余胜泉.移动学习_当代E_Learning的新领域[J].中国远程教育,2003,(专家顾问):76-78.
[32]甘健侯,杨志荣,陈恳.基于语义Web的网络教学资源知识库构建研究与应用[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,29(S2):28-34.
[33]王晓东,高宏卿.基于语义Web的学习支持系统构架[J].电化教育研究, 2005(03):19-26 .
[34]闫洪森,张野,孙娜,孔德冉,杨喜权.基于本体的知识库构建方法[J].情报科学, 2007, (09):29-34 .
[35]林木辉,张杰,汪星一.一种基于本体的学科知识库构建方法[J].闽江学院学报, 2008 (05):31-37.
[36]程南清.基于学习对象的个性化网络教学资源的研究与构建[J].中国电化教育, 2007 (09):30-37 .
[37]曾玲,丁新.语义Web技术的相关教育应用研究述评[J].中国电化教育, 2007(01):61-67 .
[38]陈彦.基于语义Web的智能答疑系统研究[J].职业时空, 2007(09):19-25 .
[39]程南清.基于本体的个性化智能答疑系统的设计[J].计算机系统应用, 2008(04):61-67.
[40]王欣,刘晓东.语义Web技术在网络教育中的应用[J].西南科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2004(03):110-117 .
[41]徐佳宁.面向对象的学科教学资源平台的构建研究[J].现代情报, 2007 (03):22-27 .
[42]黄屹,顾进广,陈莘萌,陈和平.网格环境下基于本体的知识库模型研究[J].武汉大学学报(理学版), 2005(05):41-16.
[43] Desmond Keegan.The future of Learning:From Elearningg to Mlearning〔R〕.上海2000
[44] SCORM 20043rd Edition Documentation Suite[EB/DL], http://www.adlnet.gov/scorm/
[45] Barrie Wade. Was Humpty Dumpty Right? An Exploratory Study of Semantic Priming and Lexical Access[J]. Educational Psychology,1995.
[46] K. W. Lawson;P. A. Golder. The use of semantic knowledge to enhance statistical software[J]. Journal of Applied Statistics,1991.
[47] Stephanie L. Greenham,Robert M. Stelmack. Event-Related Potentials and Picture-Word Naming: Effects of Attention and Semantic Relation for Children and Adults[J]. Developmental Neuropsychology,2001