生物纤维复合材料力学性能和复合材料生命周期评价的研究
|
摘要
本人在生物纤维/树脂基复合材料研究学习的基础上对棕榈纤维和竹纤维分别进行了碱液预处理,然后与环氧树脂EP (Epoxy resin)复合制备了复合材料,并根据国标的要求制备了力学性能试样测试了这两种复合材料的拉伸、压缩和弯曲性能；在此基础上将以棕榈纤维/EP复合材料和竹纤维/EP复合材料为代表的生物纤维/EP复合材料与已广泛应用的人造纤维/EP复合材料(玻璃纤维/EP、碳纤维/EP)和中碳钢进行了力学性能比较分析,得出了生物纤维/EP复合材料在力学性能上代替人造纤维/EP复合材料和中碳钢的可能性；最后用复合材料生命周期评价CLCAC Composite Life Cycle Assessment)方法对以棕榈纤维/EP为代表的生物纤维/EP复合材料和以玻璃纤维/EP为代表的人造纤维/EP复合材料在整个生命周期的过程中的经济性和环保性进行了比较分析,得出了生物纤维复合材料在经济性和环保性上代替人造纤维复合材料的可行性。
目前人们对生物纤维复合材料的研究仅仅停留在对其力学性能的研究上,本人首次全面的从力学性能、环境性能、经济性能上综合的对生物纤维复合材料代替人造纤维复合材料投入生产使用的可行性进行了研究。同时本人通过学习生命周期评价方法并以此为基础自创了适用于评价复合材料的CLCA,为以后研究纤维复合材料在整个生命周期中的经济性和环境性提供了新的方法。
On the basis of study of biological fiber/resin matrix composites materials the author preprocessed palm-fiber and bamboo fiber respectively, which was composited by EP (Epoxy resin) and prepared composited materials and mechanical properties samples to test the traction, compression and curve performance of both composited materials by international standard. Based on this the paper compared biological fiber composited material represented by palm-fiber and bamboo fiber with widely used man-made fiber composited material(glass fiber, carbon fiber) and medium carbon steel in terms of mechanical properties, which come to the possibility that biological fiber composited materials replace man-made fiber composited materials and medium carbon steel in mechanical properties. Finally by using CLCA (Composite Life Cycle Assessment) the paper compared biological fiber composited materials represented by palm-fiber with man-made fiber represented by glass fiber in terms of environment protection and economical performance of the whole life cycle, which come to the feasibility that biological fiber composited materials replace man-made fiber composited materials in terms of environment protection and economical performance.
At present research on biological fiber composited materials is limited to study of mechanical properties. The author comprehensively studied the feasibility that biological fiber composited materials replace man-made fiber composited materials in terms of mechanical, environment protection and economical performance for the first time. At the same time the author created CLCA applied to composited materials assessment based on learning Composite Life Cycle Assessment, which provides new approach to study the economical and environmental performance in the whole life cycle of fiber composited materials.
目前人们对生物纤维复合材料的研究仅仅停留在对其力学性能的研究上,本人首次全面的从力学性能、环境性能、经济性能上综合的对生物纤维复合材料代替人造纤维复合材料投入生产使用的可行性进行了研究。同时本人通过学习生命周期评价方法并以此为基础自创了适用于评价复合材料的CLCA,为以后研究纤维复合材料在整个生命周期中的经济性和环境性提供了新的方法。
On the basis of study of biological fiber/resin matrix composites materials the author preprocessed palm-fiber and bamboo fiber respectively, which was composited by EP (Epoxy resin) and prepared composited materials and mechanical properties samples to test the traction, compression and curve performance of both composited materials by international standard. Based on this the paper compared biological fiber composited material represented by palm-fiber and bamboo fiber with widely used man-made fiber composited material(glass fiber, carbon fiber) and medium carbon steel in terms of mechanical properties, which come to the possibility that biological fiber composited materials replace man-made fiber composited materials and medium carbon steel in mechanical properties. Finally by using CLCA (Composite Life Cycle Assessment) the paper compared biological fiber composited materials represented by palm-fiber with man-made fiber represented by glass fiber in terms of environment protection and economical performance of the whole life cycle, which come to the feasibility that biological fiber composited materials replace man-made fiber composited materials in terms of environment protection and economical performance.
At present research on biological fiber composited materials is limited to study of mechanical properties. The author comprehensively studied the feasibility that biological fiber composited materials replace man-made fiber composited materials in terms of mechanical, environment protection and economical performance for the first time. At the same time the author created CLCA applied to composited materials assessment based on learning Composite Life Cycle Assessment, which provides new approach to study the economical and environmental performance in the whole life cycle of fiber composited materials.
引文
[1]翁瑞,马燕合.环境材料发展与展望—第三届国际环境材料大会综述[J].材料导报,1998(1)：1
[2]王大民.生态环境材料[M].大津：天津大学出版社,2003,4
[3]肖加余,曾竟成,王春奇等.高性能天然纤维复合材料及其制品研究与开发现状[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2000年3月,(2)：38-43
[4]Rana A K,Mandal A,Mitra B C,et al.Short fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites:Effect of compatibilizer [J].J Appl Polym Sci,1998,69:329-338
[5]Mitra B C,Basak R K,Sarkar M.Studies on jute-reinforced composites,its limitations,and some solutions through chemical modifications of fibers[J].J Apply Polym Sci,1998,67:1093-1100
[6]Bledzki A K,Gassan J.Composite reinforced with cellulose based fibres[J].Prog Polym Sci,1999,24:221-274
[7]Canche-Escamilla G,Cauich-Cupul J I,Mendizabal E,et al. Mechanical properties of acry late-grafted henequen cellulose fibers and their application in composites[J].Composites Part A,1999,30:349-359
[8]沃丁柱.复合材料大全[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000年1月,1-2,175
[9]袁震.新型增强材料与增强结构的研[M].纤维复合材料,2005,3：55-57
[10]三海庆,王成国,庄光山等.提速列车制动闸片的研制[J].新型炭材料,2002,17(2)：29-34
[11]Iwashita N,Psomiadou E,Sawada Y.Effect of coupling treatment of carbon fiber surface on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites [J].Composites Part A,1998,29A:965-972
[12]Dhakate S R,BahI P,Sahare P D.Oxidation behavior of PAN based carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites [J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,2000,19:1959-1961
[13]杜善义,沃丁柱,章怡宁等.复合材料及其结构的力学、设计、应用和评价[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000,6(9)
[14]董云发.棕榈的综合利用和开发[J].中国野生植物资源,2005,24(1)：25-27
[15]朱长风,廖双泉.热带植物纤维的特性及其预处理[J].热带农业科学,2007,27(1)：73-79
[16]王春红,王瑞,于玲等,竹原/亚麻复合材料力学性能的模糊评判[J].纺织学报,2007,28(3)：34-37
[17]颜大为,蔡敏.竹塑复合材料的力学性能分析研究[J]．安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2006,14(4)：19-22
[18]Ryoko Tokoro,Duc Minh Vu,Kazuya.How to improve mechanical properties acid with bamboo fibers[J].Mater Sci,2008,43:775-787
[19]李亚滨,寇士军,竹纤维/聚已内酯复合化的研究[J].天津工业大学学报,2004,23(3)：26-28
[20]黄争鸣.复合材料细观力学引论[M].北京：科学出版社,2004年9月,17-22,31-61
[21]邹祖讳,吴人洁泽.复合材料的结构与性能[M]北京：科学出版社,1999年9月,354-355,426-434
[22]D. G. HEPWORTH, D. M. BRUCE, J. F. V. VINCENT, G. JERONIMIDIS.The manufacture and mechanical testing of thermosetting natural fiber composites.JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE,(2000) 35:293-298
[23]A.K.Mohanty, M.A.Khan,S.Sahoo,G.Hinrichsen,Effect of chemical modification on the performance of biodegradable jute yarn-Biopol composites,J.Mater.Sci,(2000) 35:25-89
[24]A.K.Mohanty,M.Misra,G.Hinrichsen,Biofibers, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites:An overview,Macromol.ater.Eng,(2000) 1:276-277
[25]K.Okubo,H. H.Takagi, K.Goda,Green composites research and today s progress, J.Soc.Mat.Sci.Jpn,(2006)55(4),438
[26]T.Fujii,Naturalfiberandenvironmentallygentlecomposites,J.Soc.Mat.Sci.Jpn,(2001)50(5):556
[27]H.Takagi,R.Takara,Y.Ichihara, S.Ochi,H.Misawa,R.Niki,The mechanical properties of bamboo
fibers prepared by steam-explosion methed,J.Soc.Mat. Sci.Jpn, (2003) 52(4),353
[28]张庐陵,张沂泉,蒋天弟,郑建鸿.竹屑粉酚醛树脂复合材料及其力学性能[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(1)：95-97
[29]余权英,黄麻塑料复合材料[J].高分子通报,1991,(2)：72-76
[30]张伏,佟金.植物纤维及其增强复合材料的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2006年,22(10)：11-15
[31]才红,韦春.剑麻增强聚合物研究进展[J].塑料科技,2003年4月,(4)：38-42
[32]曾竞成,肖加余,梁重云等.黄麻纤维增强聚合物复合材料工艺与性能研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2001,(3)：30-33
[33]黄丽,白培宇等.表面改性剂对植物纤维/聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响[J].北京化工大学学报,2001,28(3)：85-87
[34]李欣欣,普萨那.椰壳纤维及其增强复合材料[J].上海化工,1999,24(14)：28-30
[35]张庐陵,蒋天弟,竹纤维复合材料性能影响因素的综合衡量[J].农机化研究,2005(3)：69-74
[36]刘丽妍,王瑞.亚麻纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料板材的研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2004(4)：29-32
[37]郝元恺,肖加余.高性能复合材料[M].化学工业出版社,2003.9
[38]姚康德,成国祥.环氧树脂增韧研究进展[J].热固性树脂,2001,16(2)：22-24
[39]乌云其其格,廖子龙,李明.环氧树脂/芳纶布复合材料性能研究与应用[J].工程塑料应用,2006,34(4)：41-43
[40]刘宝峰,李佩兰等.5231环氧树脂体系/玻璃布复合材料性能研究[J].高科技纤维与应用,2004,29(4)：31-34
[41]B. LAMY, C. BALEY. Stiffness prediction of flax fibers-epoxy composite materials. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS,(2000) 19:979-980
[42]N. Svensson, R, Shishoo, M, Gilchrist. Manufacturing of Thermoplastic Composites from Commingled Yarns-A Review.Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol.11, January, 1998,22-56
[43]樊在霞,张瑜.纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料的加工方法[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2002(4)
[44]杨中文,刘西文.芦苇纤维/聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究[J].上海塑料，,2010(2)
[45]山本良一著,王天民译.环境材料[M]北京：化学工业出版社,1997：6-10
[46]王天民.生态环境材料[M].天津：大津大学出版社,2000：9-15
[47]ISO/DIS14040.Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment-Part:Principles and Framework [S].1997
[48]顾道金,朱颖心,谷立静.中国建筑环境影响的生命周期评价[J].清华大学学报：自然科学版,2006,46(12)：1953-1956
[49]秦丹,龙炳清,陈鸿,谭江月.生命周期评价与可持续发展[J].甘肃环境研究与监测,2003(1)
[50]姜峰,李青海等.基于LCA法的包装材料环境友好性的评价[J].山东大学学报,2006,36(6)：10-13
[51]汤传毅,郭琳等.购物袋的生命周期评价与比较研究[J].南昌航空工业学院学报,2000,(9)：82-84
[52]Helias A,U do de Hacs.Life cycle assessment:present developments in methodology.Proceedings of the third international conference of Ecomaterials[M].Tasukuba,Japan,1997,177-186
[53]胡敏,卫振林,徐一飞.LCA-一种新型的环境影响评价方法[J].1997,4：23-25
[54]陈红,郝维昌等.几种典型高分子材料的生命周期评价[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(3)：545-549
[55]邓南圣,王小兵.生命周期评价[M].北北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[56]曹华林.产品生命周期评价(LCA)的理论及方法研究[J].同济大学学报.2003,(4)
[57]黄春林.生命周期评价综论[J].环境技术.2004,(1)
[58]张荣鹏.基于LCA的钢结构装配式住宅建筑的环境性能评价[D][CP].同济大学机械工程学院．2009
[59]谭建伟.产品生命周期评价(LCA)及其在轿车产品中的应用[D][CP]．四川大学机械工程学院.2005
[60]李蓓蓓.生命周期评价一清单分析方法探讨[J].上海环境科学.2002,21(5)
[61]Angela Acree Guggemos,Arpad Horvath.Comparison of Environmental Effects of Steel-and Concrete-Framed Buildings[J].Journal of infrastructure systems.2005(6)
[62]Christopher Koroneos,Aris Dompros.Environmental assessment of brick production in Greece[J].Building and Environment,2007(42)
[63]K,Heikkila.Environmental impact assessmenr using a weighting method for alternaive air-conditioning systems.Building and Environment.2004,39(10)
[64]杨建新,李炳江.中国钢材生命周期清单分析[J].环境科学学报.2002,22(4)
[65]李士琦,张汉东,陈煜等.废钢-电炉炼钢流程和循环经济[J].中国废钢铁.2006(3)
[66]张智慧,吴星,肖厚忠.北京市住宅建筑的环境影响实证研究[J].环境保护.2004,(9)
[67]龚志起,张智慧.建筑材料物化环境状况的定量评价[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版).2004,44(9)
[68]姜德义,苍大强,关生林等.北京典型水泥企业生产过程环境负荷评价[J].武汉理工大学学报.2008,30(4)
[69]蒋金良,马晓茜.基于生命周期评价的不同电源对环境影响的比较[J].电站系统工程.2004,20(3)
[70]李晓平,周定国,于艳春.利用生命周期评价法评价农作物秸秆人造板的环境特性[J].浙江林学院学报.2010,27(2)：210-216
[71]宋海荣.有机合成药品生命周期评价(LCA)[D][CP]大连理工环境工程系.2002
[72]苏向东,杜键,马亚芹等人.金属材料的LCA评价方法论探讨[J].贵州科学.2003,21(4)
[73]李华,王芳.植物纤维的碱液处理[J].山西化工,2002,22(2)：18-19
[74]黄山存,覃伟权等.我国棕榈植物主要外来入侵害虫及其防治[J].现代农业科技,2007,(9)：91-92
[75]李青山.纺织纤维鉴别手册[M]北京；中国纺织出版社.1996
[76]Garcia-Jaldon C,Dupeyre D,Vignon MR.Biomass Bioenergy, (1998) 14:251
[77]李华,王芳.植物纤维的碱法处理[J].山西化工,2002,22(2)：18-19
[78]Xue Li · Lope G.Tabil·Satyanarayan Panigrahi.Chemical Treaments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites:A Review.J Polym Environ, (2007)15:25-33
[79]乌云其其格.模压成型工艺对复合材料性能影响[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2001,(11)：40-41
[80]张海雁,李建成等.纤维增强塑料性能试验方法总则.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫局，2005.12
[2]王大民.生态环境材料[M].大津：天津大学出版社,2003,4
[3]肖加余,曾竟成,王春奇等.高性能天然纤维复合材料及其制品研究与开发现状[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2000年3月,(2)：38-43
[4]Rana A K,Mandal A,Mitra B C,et al.Short fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites:Effect of compatibilizer [J].J Appl Polym Sci,1998,69:329-338
[5]Mitra B C,Basak R K,Sarkar M.Studies on jute-reinforced composites,its limitations,and some solutions through chemical modifications of fibers[J].J Apply Polym Sci,1998,67:1093-1100
[6]Bledzki A K,Gassan J.Composite reinforced with cellulose based fibres[J].Prog Polym Sci,1999,24:221-274
[7]Canche-Escamilla G,Cauich-Cupul J I,Mendizabal E,et al. Mechanical properties of acry late-grafted henequen cellulose fibers and their application in composites[J].Composites Part A,1999,30:349-359
[8]沃丁柱.复合材料大全[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2000年1月,1-2,175
[9]袁震.新型增强材料与增强结构的研[M].纤维复合材料,2005,3：55-57
[10]三海庆,王成国,庄光山等.提速列车制动闸片的研制[J].新型炭材料,2002,17(2)：29-34
[11]Iwashita N,Psomiadou E,Sawada Y.Effect of coupling treatment of carbon fiber surface on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites [J].Composites Part A,1998,29A:965-972
[12]Dhakate S R,BahI P,Sahare P D.Oxidation behavior of PAN based carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites [J].Journal of Materials Science Letters,2000,19:1959-1961
[13]杜善义,沃丁柱,章怡宁等.复合材料及其结构的力学、设计、应用和评价[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000,6(9)
[14]董云发.棕榈的综合利用和开发[J].中国野生植物资源,2005,24(1)：25-27
[15]朱长风,廖双泉.热带植物纤维的特性及其预处理[J].热带农业科学,2007,27(1)：73-79
[16]王春红,王瑞,于玲等,竹原/亚麻复合材料力学性能的模糊评判[J].纺织学报,2007,28(3)：34-37
[17]颜大为,蔡敏.竹塑复合材料的力学性能分析研究[J]．安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2006,14(4)：19-22
[18]Ryoko Tokoro,Duc Minh Vu,Kazuya.How to improve mechanical properties acid with bamboo fibers[J].Mater Sci,2008,43:775-787
[19]李亚滨,寇士军,竹纤维/聚已内酯复合化的研究[J].天津工业大学学报,2004,23(3)：26-28
[20]黄争鸣.复合材料细观力学引论[M].北京：科学出版社,2004年9月,17-22,31-61
[21]邹祖讳,吴人洁泽.复合材料的结构与性能[M]北京：科学出版社,1999年9月,354-355,426-434
[22]D. G. HEPWORTH, D. M. BRUCE, J. F. V. VINCENT, G. JERONIMIDIS.The manufacture and mechanical testing of thermosetting natural fiber composites.JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE,(2000) 35:293-298
[23]A.K.Mohanty, M.A.Khan,S.Sahoo,G.Hinrichsen,Effect of chemical modification on the performance of biodegradable jute yarn-Biopol composites,J.Mater.Sci,(2000) 35:25-89
[24]A.K.Mohanty,M.Misra,G.Hinrichsen,Biofibers, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites:An overview,Macromol.ater.Eng,(2000) 1:276-277
[25]K.Okubo,H. H.Takagi, K.Goda,Green composites research and today s progress, J.Soc.Mat.Sci.Jpn,(2006)55(4),438
[26]T.Fujii,Naturalfiberandenvironmentallygentlecomposites,J.Soc.Mat.Sci.Jpn,(2001)50(5):556
[27]H.Takagi,R.Takara,Y.Ichihara, S.Ochi,H.Misawa,R.Niki,The mechanical properties of bamboo
fibers prepared by steam-explosion methed,J.Soc.Mat. Sci.Jpn, (2003) 52(4),353
[28]张庐陵,张沂泉,蒋天弟,郑建鸿.竹屑粉酚醛树脂复合材料及其力学性能[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(1)：95-97
[29]余权英,黄麻塑料复合材料[J].高分子通报,1991,(2)：72-76
[30]张伏,佟金.植物纤维及其增强复合材料的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2006年,22(10)：11-15
[31]才红,韦春.剑麻增强聚合物研究进展[J].塑料科技,2003年4月,(4)：38-42
[32]曾竞成,肖加余,梁重云等.黄麻纤维增强聚合物复合材料工艺与性能研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2001,(3)：30-33
[33]黄丽,白培宇等.表面改性剂对植物纤维/聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响[J].北京化工大学学报,2001,28(3)：85-87
[34]李欣欣,普萨那.椰壳纤维及其增强复合材料[J].上海化工,1999,24(14)：28-30
[35]张庐陵,蒋天弟,竹纤维复合材料性能影响因素的综合衡量[J].农机化研究,2005(3)：69-74
[36]刘丽妍,王瑞.亚麻纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料板材的研究[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2004(4)：29-32
[37]郝元恺,肖加余.高性能复合材料[M].化学工业出版社,2003.9
[38]姚康德,成国祥.环氧树脂增韧研究进展[J].热固性树脂,2001,16(2)：22-24
[39]乌云其其格,廖子龙,李明.环氧树脂/芳纶布复合材料性能研究与应用[J].工程塑料应用,2006,34(4)：41-43
[40]刘宝峰,李佩兰等.5231环氧树脂体系/玻璃布复合材料性能研究[J].高科技纤维与应用,2004,29(4)：31-34
[41]B. LAMY, C. BALEY. Stiffness prediction of flax fibers-epoxy composite materials. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS,(2000) 19:979-980
[42]N. Svensson, R, Shishoo, M, Gilchrist. Manufacturing of Thermoplastic Composites from Commingled Yarns-A Review.Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Vol.11, January, 1998,22-56
[43]樊在霞,张瑜.纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料的加工方法[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2002(4)
[44]杨中文,刘西文.芦苇纤维/聚氯乙烯复合材料的研究[J].上海塑料，,2010(2)
[45]山本良一著,王天民译.环境材料[M]北京：化学工业出版社,1997：6-10
[46]王天民.生态环境材料[M].天津：大津大学出版社,2000：9-15
[47]ISO/DIS14040.Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment-Part:Principles and Framework [S].1997
[48]顾道金,朱颖心,谷立静.中国建筑环境影响的生命周期评价[J].清华大学学报：自然科学版,2006,46(12)：1953-1956
[49]秦丹,龙炳清,陈鸿,谭江月.生命周期评价与可持续发展[J].甘肃环境研究与监测,2003(1)
[50]姜峰,李青海等.基于LCA法的包装材料环境友好性的评价[J].山东大学学报,2006,36(6)：10-13
[51]汤传毅,郭琳等.购物袋的生命周期评价与比较研究[J].南昌航空工业学院学报,2000,(9)：82-84
[52]Helias A,U do de Hacs.Life cycle assessment:present developments in methodology.Proceedings of the third international conference of Ecomaterials[M].Tasukuba,Japan,1997,177-186
[53]胡敏,卫振林,徐一飞.LCA-一种新型的环境影响评价方法[J].1997,4：23-25
[54]陈红,郝维昌等.几种典型高分子材料的生命周期评价[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(3)：545-549
[55]邓南圣,王小兵.生命周期评价[M].北北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[56]曹华林.产品生命周期评价(LCA)的理论及方法研究[J].同济大学学报.2003,(4)
[57]黄春林.生命周期评价综论[J].环境技术.2004,(1)
[58]张荣鹏.基于LCA的钢结构装配式住宅建筑的环境性能评价[D][CP].同济大学机械工程学院．2009
[59]谭建伟.产品生命周期评价(LCA)及其在轿车产品中的应用[D][CP]．四川大学机械工程学院.2005
[60]李蓓蓓.生命周期评价一清单分析方法探讨[J].上海环境科学.2002,21(5)
[61]Angela Acree Guggemos,Arpad Horvath.Comparison of Environmental Effects of Steel-and Concrete-Framed Buildings[J].Journal of infrastructure systems.2005(6)
[62]Christopher Koroneos,Aris Dompros.Environmental assessment of brick production in Greece[J].Building and Environment,2007(42)
[63]K,Heikkila.Environmental impact assessmenr using a weighting method for alternaive air-conditioning systems.Building and Environment.2004,39(10)
[64]杨建新,李炳江.中国钢材生命周期清单分析[J].环境科学学报.2002,22(4)
[65]李士琦,张汉东,陈煜等.废钢-电炉炼钢流程和循环经济[J].中国废钢铁.2006(3)
[66]张智慧,吴星,肖厚忠.北京市住宅建筑的环境影响实证研究[J].环境保护.2004,(9)
[67]龚志起,张智慧.建筑材料物化环境状况的定量评价[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版).2004,44(9)
[68]姜德义,苍大强,关生林等.北京典型水泥企业生产过程环境负荷评价[J].武汉理工大学学报.2008,30(4)
[69]蒋金良,马晓茜.基于生命周期评价的不同电源对环境影响的比较[J].电站系统工程.2004,20(3)
[70]李晓平,周定国,于艳春.利用生命周期评价法评价农作物秸秆人造板的环境特性[J].浙江林学院学报.2010,27(2)：210-216
[71]宋海荣.有机合成药品生命周期评价(LCA)[D][CP]大连理工环境工程系.2002
[72]苏向东,杜键,马亚芹等人.金属材料的LCA评价方法论探讨[J].贵州科学.2003,21(4)
[73]李华,王芳.植物纤维的碱液处理[J].山西化工,2002,22(2)：18-19
[74]黄山存,覃伟权等.我国棕榈植物主要外来入侵害虫及其防治[J].现代农业科技,2007,(9)：91-92
[75]李青山.纺织纤维鉴别手册[M]北京；中国纺织出版社.1996
[76]Garcia-Jaldon C,Dupeyre D,Vignon MR.Biomass Bioenergy, (1998) 14:251
[77]李华,王芳.植物纤维的碱法处理[J].山西化工,2002,22(2)：18-19
[78]Xue Li · Lope G.Tabil·Satyanarayan Panigrahi.Chemical Treaments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites:A Review.J Polym Environ, (2007)15:25-33
[79]乌云其其格.模压成型工艺对复合材料性能影响[J].玻璃钢/复合材料,2001,(11)：40-41
[80]张海雁,李建成等.纤维增强塑料性能试验方法总则.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫局，2005.12