膜生物反应器处理微污染地表水的试验研究
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摘要
如今,要解决我国饮用水水源污染与饮用水卫生标准提高的矛盾,发展微污染水处理技术是当务之急。在此背景下,本研究进行了MBR及MBR-PAC(PAC,粉末炭)组合工艺处理实际微污染地表水的系列试验,重点考察出水水质和膜污染情况,对MBR的工程化提供可行性研究。
连续试验的结果表明,采用MBR处理微污染湖水时出水水质良好,向反应器内投加PAC可以进一步优化出水水质,并且减少膜污染。当原水是《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)规定的Ш或Ⅳ类水时,MBR-PAC工艺出水的浊度、CODMn和氨氮均满足《生活饮用水卫生规范》和《城市供水水质标准》的要求。同时,投加PAC有效延缓了MBR膜通量的衰减,使总的膜阻力由2.47×1012m-1下降至1.92×1012m-1,有效减轻了膜污染。
试验中重点讨论了MBR对有机污染物的去除情况,发现PAC和MBR在去除不同指标所代表的有机物时,存在相互促进作用。组合工艺对CODMn、UV254和UV410的平均去除率分别达到66.8%、66.9%和97.5%。通过建立反应器内有机底物的质量平衡方程,得到了MBR对有机污染物去除率的数学表达式。由此可以定量求出生物作用和膜截留作用分别对去除率的贡献,从而进一步探讨实现MBR对有机污染物去除的各种作用机理及影响大小。
MBR处理微污染水的试验中,观察到反应器内混合液的有机物存在较明显的累积,定义了混合液累积倍数Am来对此进行描述。通过比较PAC投加前后混合液的特性,证实了混合液的累积程度和性质变化会影响MBR的出水水质和膜污染速率。投加PAC减少了MBR的混合液累积,降低了Am,提高了混合液的可过滤性,减轻了膜截留的负担,利于改善膜出水、减少膜污染。
试验中,采用空间排阻液相色谱法测定了MBR进水、出水、混合液和膜污染物的分子量分布,并且比较了进水可生化性改变时MBR的运行情况。结果表明,微污染湖水中,小分子物质含量多并且可生化性较差的特性,显著影响了MBR的出水水质和膜污染速率。试验证实,分子量小于3000的有机物质是膜出水和膜污染物的重要组成,投加PAC可以有效的吸附去除这些物质;同时进水可生化性良好利于增强MBR内的生物活性,降低混合液的累积。
由于饮用水源水中存在的微量人工合成有机物对人类健康的潜在危害日益被重视,试验还采用MBR处理微污染湖水中存在的微量酚,分别考察了MBR
With the conflict of serious water pollution and stringent sanitary standard for drinking water quality, it is necessary to develop new technology for micro-polluted water treatment. Under such circumstances, membrane bioreactor (MBR) and MBR-PAC (PAC, powdered activated carbon) processes were tested for its feasibility to apply to practical projects for drinking water production. Series of lab-scale experiments were conducted with the focus on the treated water quality and membrane fouling conditions.
Continuous lab-scale test proved that using MBR for micro-polluted lake water treatment could achieve treated water with good quality. Dosing PAC into MBR helped to improve the treated water quality and relieve membrane fouling. When the raw water quality belonged to the third or forth class in the Standard for Surface Water Environmental Quality, turbidity, CODMn and ammonia nitrogen of the treated water from MBR-PAC process could meet the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality (issued by the Ministry of Health in 2001) and the Water Quality Standards for Urban Water supply (issued by the Ministry of Construction in 2005). At the same time, PAC addition helped to slow the reduction of membrane flux. It reduce the total membrane resistance of MBR from 2.47×1012m-1 to 1.92×1012m-1, and accordingly relieve the membrane fouling effectively.
In these experiments, the removal of organic pollutants by MBR was emphatically discussed. It is found that the dominance complementary effect between MBR and PAC exist in organic pollutants removal. Averaged 66.8% of CODMn, 66.9% of UV254 and 97.5% of UV410 could be removed in MBR-PAC process. Through establishing the mass balance equation of organic substrate in MBR, the mathematic expression of organic pollutants removal efficiency could be achieved. Based on the expression, contribution of biodegradation and membrane rejection on organic pollutants removal could be discussed quantificationally. It helped to further evaluate the mechanisms of organic pollutants removal and their specific contributions in MBR.
With MBR kept running, the accumulation of inert organic compounds in the bioreactor was found, and index Am, which is named organics accumulative factor in the mixed liquor, was defined to express this phenomena. Comparing the characteristics of the mixed liquor of MBR with or without PAC addition, it is confirmed that both the mixed liquor accumulation and its characteristics have influence on the treated water quality and membrane fouling rate. Dosing PAC in MBR decreased the organic pollutants accumulation in the mixed liquor with the
连续试验的结果表明,采用MBR处理微污染湖水时出水水质良好,向反应器内投加PAC可以进一步优化出水水质,并且减少膜污染。当原水是《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)规定的Ш或Ⅳ类水时,MBR-PAC工艺出水的浊度、CODMn和氨氮均满足《生活饮用水卫生规范》和《城市供水水质标准》的要求。同时,投加PAC有效延缓了MBR膜通量的衰减,使总的膜阻力由2.47×1012m-1下降至1.92×1012m-1,有效减轻了膜污染。
试验中重点讨论了MBR对有机污染物的去除情况,发现PAC和MBR在去除不同指标所代表的有机物时,存在相互促进作用。组合工艺对CODMn、UV254和UV410的平均去除率分别达到66.8%、66.9%和97.5%。通过建立反应器内有机底物的质量平衡方程,得到了MBR对有机污染物去除率的数学表达式。由此可以定量求出生物作用和膜截留作用分别对去除率的贡献,从而进一步探讨实现MBR对有机污染物去除的各种作用机理及影响大小。
MBR处理微污染水的试验中,观察到反应器内混合液的有机物存在较明显的累积,定义了混合液累积倍数Am来对此进行描述。通过比较PAC投加前后混合液的特性,证实了混合液的累积程度和性质变化会影响MBR的出水水质和膜污染速率。投加PAC减少了MBR的混合液累积,降低了Am,提高了混合液的可过滤性,减轻了膜截留的负担,利于改善膜出水、减少膜污染。
试验中,采用空间排阻液相色谱法测定了MBR进水、出水、混合液和膜污染物的分子量分布,并且比较了进水可生化性改变时MBR的运行情况。结果表明,微污染湖水中,小分子物质含量多并且可生化性较差的特性,显著影响了MBR的出水水质和膜污染速率。试验证实,分子量小于3000的有机物质是膜出水和膜污染物的重要组成,投加PAC可以有效的吸附去除这些物质;同时进水可生化性良好利于增强MBR内的生物活性,降低混合液的累积。
由于饮用水源水中存在的微量人工合成有机物对人类健康的潜在危害日益被重视,试验还采用MBR处理微污染湖水中存在的微量酚,分别考察了MBR
With the conflict of serious water pollution and stringent sanitary standard for drinking water quality, it is necessary to develop new technology for micro-polluted water treatment. Under such circumstances, membrane bioreactor (MBR) and MBR-PAC (PAC, powdered activated carbon) processes were tested for its feasibility to apply to practical projects for drinking water production. Series of lab-scale experiments were conducted with the focus on the treated water quality and membrane fouling conditions.
Continuous lab-scale test proved that using MBR for micro-polluted lake water treatment could achieve treated water with good quality. Dosing PAC into MBR helped to improve the treated water quality and relieve membrane fouling. When the raw water quality belonged to the third or forth class in the Standard for Surface Water Environmental Quality, turbidity, CODMn and ammonia nitrogen of the treated water from MBR-PAC process could meet the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality (issued by the Ministry of Health in 2001) and the Water Quality Standards for Urban Water supply (issued by the Ministry of Construction in 2005). At the same time, PAC addition helped to slow the reduction of membrane flux. It reduce the total membrane resistance of MBR from 2.47×1012m-1 to 1.92×1012m-1, and accordingly relieve the membrane fouling effectively.
In these experiments, the removal of organic pollutants by MBR was emphatically discussed. It is found that the dominance complementary effect between MBR and PAC exist in organic pollutants removal. Averaged 66.8% of CODMn, 66.9% of UV254 and 97.5% of UV410 could be removed in MBR-PAC process. Through establishing the mass balance equation of organic substrate in MBR, the mathematic expression of organic pollutants removal efficiency could be achieved. Based on the expression, contribution of biodegradation and membrane rejection on organic pollutants removal could be discussed quantificationally. It helped to further evaluate the mechanisms of organic pollutants removal and their specific contributions in MBR.
With MBR kept running, the accumulation of inert organic compounds in the bioreactor was found, and index Am, which is named organics accumulative factor in the mixed liquor, was defined to express this phenomena. Comparing the characteristics of the mixed liquor of MBR with or without PAC addition, it is confirmed that both the mixed liquor accumulation and its characteristics have influence on the treated water quality and membrane fouling rate. Dosing PAC in MBR decreased the organic pollutants accumulation in the mixed liquor with the
引文
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