共性文化扩散在中小企业网络中的价值创造研究
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摘要
经济中的文化因素以非物质形态存在,可反复地转化成物质财富,并且这种财富转化能力是相当巨大的。另外,中小企业在国民经济中的地位也越来越重要,它们不仅在数量上占绝对优势,而且在产值方面也几乎与大企业平分秋色。如何在中小企业中利用文化去创造更多的价值和利润,便有了十分重要的现实意义。基于此,提出了对中小企业网络文化价值创造的研究课题。
目前,关于文化与中小企业网络相结合的研究成果较少。对于文化的研究,主要集中于单个企业内部,更多的是从宏观层面研究企业文化的构成、作用、如何加强企业文化建设等等。对于小企业的研究,更多侧重的是对其技术创新、组织模式等研究,对小企业网络文化的研究文献也较多,但没有把在小企业网络中可能形成的共性文化看作是促进集群发展的更重要因素。在中小企业网络中,对于涉及共性文化的研究成果,利用小世界网络及整体网知识对共性文化的研究成果,利用财务、经济指标进行价值评估影响共性文化价值形成的风险因素方面的研究成果,对共性文化扩散的价值创造机制及相关模型的研究很少见到。所以,把二者结合起来作为研究对象,特别是从微观层面对共性文化形成和扩散所创造的各种价值进行测量,从一个全新视角研究文化对网络的重要现实意义。
小企业网络组织作为社会学范式网络组织更加注重文化价值,传统的固有文化本身对其高成长的促进作用已是有限的。当节点企业间最终因为自利利益考虑以及市场机制的诱致作用进行文化变革形成网络的共性文化并加以扩散,会为网络组织创造出更多互动过程的动态价值,主要包括心理价值、行动价值和所谓的“产品”价值。借助于中小企业网络中的共性文化价值网络是典型的小世界网络这个特点,通过对文化转移效率、文化水平变化和网络成本三个指标的分析,发掘出影响共性文化扩散及其价值创造的环节,成为研究“交易传染型”文化扩散价值创造机制和构建系统动力学模型的基础。利用对网络节点企业文化存量与流量的测度及节点企业间利益维度的剖析,确定了共性文化扩散所创造价值的最终结构,为构建其价值创造模型、测定价值创造效能搭建了框架。搭建起来的共性文化扩散价值创造模型,在整个价值创造过程中会遇到多种风险,了解这些风险因素的传导模型,设计出科学、有效的风险预警指标体系非常重要。
对以上内容综合运用了管理科学、系统科学、经济学等多学科理论,采用实证与规范研究相结合、比较归纳与抽象演绎研究相结合的集成方法进行了系统研究,研究内容及结论对于节点企业如何规避共性文化扩散价值创造过程中的风险因素、政府如何引导中小企业网络共性文化的健康发展并推动组织升级都具有重要现实意义。
通过对本课题的研究,得到了以下研究结论和创新成果。
第一,提出“共性文化”这一概念。汲取企业文化之精华,重新融合中小企业网络宏文化之特点,对共性文化一词进行了内涵的界定。
第二,中小企业网络中的文化价值网具有小世界网络的特性。由于文化隐形的特点,网络中的文化转移需要节点间频繁的大量互动,节点企业间文化转移的成功与否有赖于节点间沟通的难易程度和频繁程度,依赖于文化供需方整体关系的亲密性,因而探讨网络组织中文化转移的绩效,应从网络结构和网络关系两个角度入手。
(3)把整个中小企业网络中的文化扩散看作是一个房室系统,运用传染病动力学和网络动力学构建了风险传导模型和风险预警模型。把整个房室系统中的节点企业分成三类,将这三类企业的风险传导按信任程度划分的三个阶段进行具体阶段化研究,从而使得风险预警模型更具现实意义。
(4)明确界定了中小企业网络共性文化扩散价值创造之涵义。在内涵上,这种价值是一种互动价值,一种社会资本价值,一种决策理论价值；在外延上,这种价值体现为多维度性,对其价值创造管理也被划分为对价值创造渠道的管理、对价值创造过程的管理、对价值创造效能的管理,从而把对这个问题的研究形成一个系统的工程。
Small business network organization that is the sociological paradigm network organization pays more attention to cultural values. The promoting effect of traditional culture on its high-growth is limited. Because of self-serving interests and temptation of the market mechanism eventually, node enterprises organize cultural change and form a network of generic culture to proliferate. It may create a more dynamic interaction value, including psychological value, the action value and the so-called "product" value. Generic cultural value network in the SME network is a typical small world network. I can explore links that affect the generic cultural diffusion and its value creation by analyzing the three indexes including cultural transfer efficiency, cultural level and network cost.This analysis process becomes the basis for researching "transaction the infectious type" cultural diffusion value creation mechanisms and constructing a system dynamics model. Using of analyzing the stock and flow measurement of culture of node enterprises and the interest dimensions betIen node enterprises, I determine the generic cultural diffusion's final value structure which helps us to build it's value creation model and determine the value creation efficacy. The generic cultural diffusion value creation model encounters a variety of risks throughout the value creation process. It is important to research these risk factors conduction model and design a scientific risk early-warning indicator system.
At present, there are a few research results about culture and SME network combined. The study of cultural is mainly in individual enterprises from the macro level, especially the role of enterprise culture and how to strengthen enterprise culture etc.. For SME, more results emphasize on technical innovation, organizational models. There are more researches on SME network culture also. But they don't regarde the generic culture form in SME network as more important factor to promote the development of the cluster. In SME network, there are hardly any results on the following researches, such as generic culture, using the small world network and the whole network, using financial, economic indicators to evaluate the risk factors affecting the value of generic culture, the creation value of mechanism and models of generic culture diffusion. Therefore, a combination of the two as the object of study is a new perspective of culture of network, especially measuring various values during the process of generic culture formation and diffusion from the micro level.
During the research, I use management science, system science, economics and other disciplines of theoretical and carry on the system research with combination of positive research and research and comparison research and abstract deductive research. Research content and conclusions play a positive role in help node enterprises know how to avoid the risk factors in the value creation process and the government knows how to guide the healthy development of the generic culture of the SME network and promote the organization upgrades.
Through the research on the subject, I get the following conclusions and innovations.
(1)1propose the concept of "generic culture". Learning the essence of the corporate culture and the characteristics of reintegration of the SME network macro cultural, I define this new word.
(2)The cultural value net in the SME network has the characteristics of small-world networks. Because of the characteristic of cultural stealth, it needs a large number of interactive node frequent cultural transfering betlen node enterprises. Thus, I explore the cultural transfer performance of the network organization starting two angles including network structure and network relations.
(3) The cultural diffusion of SME network is an atrioventricular system. I use the infectious disease dynamics and network dynamics to build the risk conduction model and risk early-warning model. I divide node enterprises in the entire system into three categories and put these three types of enterprise conduction-risk into three stages by the attainment of trust to make the risk-warning model more realistic.
(4) Clearly defining the meaning of the SME network "generic cultural diffusion value-creation". This value is an interactive value, the value of a form of social capital, and a decision theoretical value. This value reflects the multidimensionality of its value creation. I divided the value-creation management into the value creation channel management, the process management, and value creation performance management. This problem is the formation of system engineering.
目前,关于文化与中小企业网络相结合的研究成果较少。对于文化的研究,主要集中于单个企业内部,更多的是从宏观层面研究企业文化的构成、作用、如何加强企业文化建设等等。对于小企业的研究,更多侧重的是对其技术创新、组织模式等研究,对小企业网络文化的研究文献也较多,但没有把在小企业网络中可能形成的共性文化看作是促进集群发展的更重要因素。在中小企业网络中,对于涉及共性文化的研究成果,利用小世界网络及整体网知识对共性文化的研究成果,利用财务、经济指标进行价值评估影响共性文化价值形成的风险因素方面的研究成果,对共性文化扩散的价值创造机制及相关模型的研究很少见到。所以,把二者结合起来作为研究对象,特别是从微观层面对共性文化形成和扩散所创造的各种价值进行测量,从一个全新视角研究文化对网络的重要现实意义。
小企业网络组织作为社会学范式网络组织更加注重文化价值,传统的固有文化本身对其高成长的促进作用已是有限的。当节点企业间最终因为自利利益考虑以及市场机制的诱致作用进行文化变革形成网络的共性文化并加以扩散,会为网络组织创造出更多互动过程的动态价值,主要包括心理价值、行动价值和所谓的“产品”价值。借助于中小企业网络中的共性文化价值网络是典型的小世界网络这个特点,通过对文化转移效率、文化水平变化和网络成本三个指标的分析,发掘出影响共性文化扩散及其价值创造的环节,成为研究“交易传染型”文化扩散价值创造机制和构建系统动力学模型的基础。利用对网络节点企业文化存量与流量的测度及节点企业间利益维度的剖析,确定了共性文化扩散所创造价值的最终结构,为构建其价值创造模型、测定价值创造效能搭建了框架。搭建起来的共性文化扩散价值创造模型,在整个价值创造过程中会遇到多种风险,了解这些风险因素的传导模型,设计出科学、有效的风险预警指标体系非常重要。
对以上内容综合运用了管理科学、系统科学、经济学等多学科理论,采用实证与规范研究相结合、比较归纳与抽象演绎研究相结合的集成方法进行了系统研究,研究内容及结论对于节点企业如何规避共性文化扩散价值创造过程中的风险因素、政府如何引导中小企业网络共性文化的健康发展并推动组织升级都具有重要现实意义。
通过对本课题的研究,得到了以下研究结论和创新成果。
第一,提出“共性文化”这一概念。汲取企业文化之精华,重新融合中小企业网络宏文化之特点,对共性文化一词进行了内涵的界定。
第二,中小企业网络中的文化价值网具有小世界网络的特性。由于文化隐形的特点,网络中的文化转移需要节点间频繁的大量互动,节点企业间文化转移的成功与否有赖于节点间沟通的难易程度和频繁程度,依赖于文化供需方整体关系的亲密性,因而探讨网络组织中文化转移的绩效,应从网络结构和网络关系两个角度入手。
(3)把整个中小企业网络中的文化扩散看作是一个房室系统,运用传染病动力学和网络动力学构建了风险传导模型和风险预警模型。把整个房室系统中的节点企业分成三类,将这三类企业的风险传导按信任程度划分的三个阶段进行具体阶段化研究,从而使得风险预警模型更具现实意义。
(4)明确界定了中小企业网络共性文化扩散价值创造之涵义。在内涵上,这种价值是一种互动价值,一种社会资本价值,一种决策理论价值；在外延上,这种价值体现为多维度性,对其价值创造管理也被划分为对价值创造渠道的管理、对价值创造过程的管理、对价值创造效能的管理,从而把对这个问题的研究形成一个系统的工程。
Small business network organization that is the sociological paradigm network organization pays more attention to cultural values. The promoting effect of traditional culture on its high-growth is limited. Because of self-serving interests and temptation of the market mechanism eventually, node enterprises organize cultural change and form a network of generic culture to proliferate. It may create a more dynamic interaction value, including psychological value, the action value and the so-called "product" value. Generic cultural value network in the SME network is a typical small world network. I can explore links that affect the generic cultural diffusion and its value creation by analyzing the three indexes including cultural transfer efficiency, cultural level and network cost.This analysis process becomes the basis for researching "transaction the infectious type" cultural diffusion value creation mechanisms and constructing a system dynamics model. Using of analyzing the stock and flow measurement of culture of node enterprises and the interest dimensions betIen node enterprises, I determine the generic cultural diffusion's final value structure which helps us to build it's value creation model and determine the value creation efficacy. The generic cultural diffusion value creation model encounters a variety of risks throughout the value creation process. It is important to research these risk factors conduction model and design a scientific risk early-warning indicator system.
At present, there are a few research results about culture and SME network combined. The study of cultural is mainly in individual enterprises from the macro level, especially the role of enterprise culture and how to strengthen enterprise culture etc.. For SME, more results emphasize on technical innovation, organizational models. There are more researches on SME network culture also. But they don't regarde the generic culture form in SME network as more important factor to promote the development of the cluster. In SME network, there are hardly any results on the following researches, such as generic culture, using the small world network and the whole network, using financial, economic indicators to evaluate the risk factors affecting the value of generic culture, the creation value of mechanism and models of generic culture diffusion. Therefore, a combination of the two as the object of study is a new perspective of culture of network, especially measuring various values during the process of generic culture formation and diffusion from the micro level.
During the research, I use management science, system science, economics and other disciplines of theoretical and carry on the system research with combination of positive research and research and comparison research and abstract deductive research. Research content and conclusions play a positive role in help node enterprises know how to avoid the risk factors in the value creation process and the government knows how to guide the healthy development of the generic culture of the SME network and promote the organization upgrades.
Through the research on the subject, I get the following conclusions and innovations.
(1)1propose the concept of "generic culture". Learning the essence of the corporate culture and the characteristics of reintegration of the SME network macro cultural, I define this new word.
(2)The cultural value net in the SME network has the characteristics of small-world networks. Because of the characteristic of cultural stealth, it needs a large number of interactive node frequent cultural transfering betlen node enterprises. Thus, I explore the cultural transfer performance of the network organization starting two angles including network structure and network relations.
(3) The cultural diffusion of SME network is an atrioventricular system. I use the infectious disease dynamics and network dynamics to build the risk conduction model and risk early-warning model. I divide node enterprises in the entire system into three categories and put these three types of enterprise conduction-risk into three stages by the attainment of trust to make the risk-warning model more realistic.
(4) Clearly defining the meaning of the SME network "generic cultural diffusion value-creation". This value is an interactive value, the value of a form of social capital, and a decision theoretical value. This value reflects the multidimensionality of its value creation. I divided the value-creation management into the value creation channel management, the process management, and value creation performance management. This problem is the formation of system engineering.
引文
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