甲醇汽油作为点燃式燃料对发动机材料的影响与对策研究
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摘要
甲醇燃料作为一类相对清洁的新型燃料，被认为是本世纪最具希望的车用替代清洁燃料，那么在石油资源日益减少和环境污染日益严重的形势下，研发、推广和应用甲醇汽油燃料具有重要的意义。但是甲醇汽油作为汽车替代燃料是否可行，它对汽车发动机系统材料有无负面影响还认识不足，对它的某些重要性能能满足汽车的要求还存疑虑、还有许多技术有待突破和随之带来的其它影响，有待于加大技术研究和攻关力度。为了更好地推广甲醇汽油，消除人们使用甲醇汽油心存的疑虑，解决车用发动机燃用甲醇汽油时产生的负面影响，开展甲醇汽油作为点燃式发动机燃料对发动机的影响研究是非常有必要的。
本文在研究国内外甲醇作为汽车代用燃料发展现状的基础上，针对甲醇汽油及其燃烧产物对汽油发动机系统材料的影响，分析了甲醇汽油和燃用甲醇汽油对汽车发动机造成的危害，通过大量的试验，揭示了甲醇汽油和甲醇汽油燃烧产物对车用汽油发动机金属材料的腐蚀和非金属材料的溶胀，用我们自己研制的防腐拟制剂可很好的解决对发动机材料的腐蚀。并将表面覆盖-氧乙炔焰喷焊技术应用于排气门表面强化，并通过结合强度、金相分析和耐磨性等实验，和实际运行试验对其可行性进行了论证，结果表明该方案不但技术可行，解决了甲醇汽油对排气系统材料的腐蚀，而且提高了汽车的可靠性。
针对甲醇汽油对发动机润滑油可能产生的影响，通过试验重点分析研究了不同含量甲醇汽油作为点燃式发动机燃料其本身、及不同燃烧产物、和不同含量甲醇与不同含量燃烧产物对发动机润滑油的抗磨性、清净分散性、抗氧抗消化性、抗乳化性、抗腐蚀性和低温性的影响、及影响规律和影响程度，得出甲醇汽油及燃烧产物对润滑油使用性能有不同程度影响；甲醇含量在25%～50%时对润滑油性能影响最大。然后归纳总结出甲醇汽油对发动机润滑油的性能要求，为甲醇汽油发动机润滑油的研制提供了依据。
根据甲醇汽油对发动机润滑油的要求，结合甲醇对润滑油和添加剂的影响，依据润滑油使用性能评定标准，在目前国内外润滑油添加剂中筛选出适合甲醇汽油要求的基础油和添加剂，为甲醇汽油发动机润滑油的研制提出了初步方案。基础油是发动机润滑油的载体，添加剂是改善发动机润滑油使用性能最经济而有效的手段，通过它们之间的合理选配，以期改善润滑油的性质，赋予润滑油以崭新的特性，从而得到能满足甲醇汽油发动机性能要求的更满意的润滑油。
为了确定试验配方，对已经选出的添加剂进行了感受性试验，对单剂之间的配伍性进行了试验，同时根据单剂与基础油的试验结果，利用正交试验与回归分析相结合的方法，通过正交设计，科学合理的安排选定基础油和添加剂的感受性试验，通过回归分析，确定出试验因素与试验结果之间的函数关系，为添加剂的优化提供了依据，初步确定出了研制油单添加剂的添加量，再依据添加剂因子的水平，根据正交设计表头L78（2）安排具体的试验方案，经过数据处理与分析以及添加剂加量的调整，得出研制油的初步试验配方：
应用BP神经网络建立了所选添加剂在选定基础油中配伍性仿真模型，利用神经网络模型函数trainlm进行数据仿真分析研究，确定出甲醇汽油发动机润滑油最终组合物的调配配方，研制出甲醇汽油发动机专用润滑油最终配方是：
①基础添加剂：T803(0.5%) T901(5ppm)
②功能添加剂：T109（3%）T112（3%）T152（2.5%）T203（0.8%）L（0.1%）T706（0.4%）C405（0.2%）
为了进一步考察研制油配方的可行性，按照GB/T3142方法，采用MJ-800型四球摩擦磨损试验机，对研制油的摩擦学性能与参比油进行了对比试验，同时对研制油与参比油进行了发动机外特性、部分负荷等特性的台架试验和汽车整车排放试验，试验结果表明：发动机用研制油测试的各项性能优于用参比油测试的各项性能，进一步验证和考察了其作为甲醇汽油发动机润滑油的可行性，为甲醇汽油的推广应用提出切实可行的技术解决方案。
论文进行的研究对于解决应用甲醇汽油对发动机产生的影响提出了切实可行的解决方案，为甲醇汽油的推广扫清了障碍，为甲醇的应用与推广具有一定的实用价值和现实意义。
The methanol fuel as a new clean fuel relatively is considered to be the most promisingalternative clean fuel for vehicle in this century. For this reason it has great significance thatdevelopment,promotion and application of methanol gasoline in the case of that the oilresources are dwindling and the worsening environment pollutions. However, the feasibilityof methanol gasoline as a motor alternative fuel, the mixed view of the performanceadvantage has in the car, the doubts that some of its ability to meet the requirements ofautomotive still existed and the other effects that brought with are all need more technologybreakthroughs as well as increasing technology research and research efforts. In order topromote the methanol fuel,eliminate the doubt of use methanol gasoline and solve thenegative impact when the vehicle engine fueled with methanol gasoline, it is very necessarythat carry out the influence studies that the methanol gasoline as a spark ignition engine fuel.
This paper studied the domestic and foreign development status of methanol used as anvehicle alternative fuel, and be based on this, analyzed the harm caused by the methanolgasoline and use it as fuel especially for the influence on the gasoline engine materials causedby methanol gasoline and its combustion products. Then analyzed the harm caused bymethanol gasoline and use it as fuel to the car engine. Furthermore, the article not onlyrevealed the corrosion of gasoline engine metal and the swelling of non-metallic caused bymethanol gasoline and its combustion products by the large number of experiments and testsbut also proposed targeted solutions and measures. The surface covered-oxyacetylenespray technology been applied to strength the surface of exhaust valve, demonstrated itsfeasibility by associated the tests that bond strength, metallographic and anti-wear with theactual running test, the results shown that this program was not only technically feasible tosolve the material corrosion of exhaust system caused by the methanol gasoline but alsoimproved the reliability of the car.
Focus on the possible influence of the engine lubricating oil caused by methanolgasoline,by way of test to selective analysis and studied the methanol with different contentwhen it used as the fuel of spark ignition engine, its different combustion products, the impacton the engine lubricating oil performance of anti-wear, clean dispersion, anti-oxidantdigestion resistant, anti-emulsifying properties, corrosion resistance and the low-temperatureproperties as well as the law and the degree of influence caused by the methanol and itscombustion products with different content. Therefore, it was derived that the methanolgasoline combustion products have different degrees of impact on lubricant performance; Methanol content was from25%to50%had greatest influence on lubricant performance.Then the paper summarized the methanol gasoline performance requirements for enginelubricant oil so as to provides a basis for the development of methanol gasoline enginelubricants.
According to the requirement of methanol gasoline for engine lubricating oil, combinedwith the influence on lubricants and additives caused by methanol oil, based on the lubricantperformance evaluation standards, it was not only filtered the base oil and additives thatsuitable for requirements of methanol gasoline from the current domestic and international butalso put forward a preliminary program of methanol gasoline engine oil. The baseoil was a carrier of engine lubricating oil and additives were the most economical andeffective means to improve the performance of engine lubricating oil, so that reasonablematched them that in order to improve the nature of the lubricant and give the oil the newfeatures resulted in to get the more satisfactory lubricant that meet the performancerequirements of methanol gasoline engine.
In order to determine the test formula, sensitivity test had been done for the additive thathad have been selected and the compatibility test had have been done between the single-dose.At same time, depended on the test result of sing-dose and the base-oil, used the method ofcombine orthogonal test with regression analysis and though orthogonal design, this paperwas determined the functional relationship between the experimental factor and the test result.Consequently, this provided the basis for the additives optimization and initially identified theadding dosage of single additive of the researched oil. Then in accordance with the level ofthe additive factor and the orthogonal design table header L8(27) arranged the specificexperimental program and after the data processing and analysis as well the adjustment of theamount of additives,the article obtained preliminary oil-test formula.
This article used BP neutral network to build the simulation model of the compatibilityof the selected additives in the selected base oil and used the model to carry out the simulationtraining of the tested date, then determined the final allocation formula that the composition oflubricants for methanol gasoline engine and it is that:
①The base additives:T803(0.5%) T901(5ppm)
②The functional additives:T109（3%）T112（3%）T152（2.5%）T203（0.8%）L（0.1%）T706（0.4%）C405（0.2%）
In order to further investigated the feasibility of the oil formula, it was carried out thecomparison tests for the tribological properties of research oil and the reference oil inaccordance with GB/T3142standard by the MJ-800four-ball tribometer. Meanwhile, it wasconducted the bench tests of engine characteristic and engine load characteristic for the research oil and the reference oil, the result shown that engine have better performance of theresearch oil than of the reference oil. That verified and examined the feasibility of theresearch oil as methanol gasoline engine lubricants further and provided a practicaltechnology solution for promotion of the promotion gasoline applications.
The research of paper put forward a feasible solution to solve the impact on engine of theapplicant of methanol gasoline, cleared the way for the promotion of methanol gasoline andhave a certain practical value and practical significance for the application of methanol.
本文在研究国内外甲醇作为汽车代用燃料发展现状的基础上，针对甲醇汽油及其燃烧产物对汽油发动机系统材料的影响，分析了甲醇汽油和燃用甲醇汽油对汽车发动机造成的危害，通过大量的试验，揭示了甲醇汽油和甲醇汽油燃烧产物对车用汽油发动机金属材料的腐蚀和非金属材料的溶胀，用我们自己研制的防腐拟制剂可很好的解决对发动机材料的腐蚀。并将表面覆盖-氧乙炔焰喷焊技术应用于排气门表面强化，并通过结合强度、金相分析和耐磨性等实验，和实际运行试验对其可行性进行了论证，结果表明该方案不但技术可行，解决了甲醇汽油对排气系统材料的腐蚀，而且提高了汽车的可靠性。
针对甲醇汽油对发动机润滑油可能产生的影响，通过试验重点分析研究了不同含量甲醇汽油作为点燃式发动机燃料其本身、及不同燃烧产物、和不同含量甲醇与不同含量燃烧产物对发动机润滑油的抗磨性、清净分散性、抗氧抗消化性、抗乳化性、抗腐蚀性和低温性的影响、及影响规律和影响程度，得出甲醇汽油及燃烧产物对润滑油使用性能有不同程度影响；甲醇含量在25%～50%时对润滑油性能影响最大。然后归纳总结出甲醇汽油对发动机润滑油的性能要求，为甲醇汽油发动机润滑油的研制提供了依据。
根据甲醇汽油对发动机润滑油的要求，结合甲醇对润滑油和添加剂的影响，依据润滑油使用性能评定标准，在目前国内外润滑油添加剂中筛选出适合甲醇汽油要求的基础油和添加剂，为甲醇汽油发动机润滑油的研制提出了初步方案。基础油是发动机润滑油的载体，添加剂是改善发动机润滑油使用性能最经济而有效的手段，通过它们之间的合理选配，以期改善润滑油的性质，赋予润滑油以崭新的特性，从而得到能满足甲醇汽油发动机性能要求的更满意的润滑油。
为了确定试验配方，对已经选出的添加剂进行了感受性试验，对单剂之间的配伍性进行了试验，同时根据单剂与基础油的试验结果，利用正交试验与回归分析相结合的方法，通过正交设计，科学合理的安排选定基础油和添加剂的感受性试验，通过回归分析，确定出试验因素与试验结果之间的函数关系，为添加剂的优化提供了依据，初步确定出了研制油单添加剂的添加量，再依据添加剂因子的水平，根据正交设计表头L78（2）安排具体的试验方案，经过数据处理与分析以及添加剂加量的调整，得出研制油的初步试验配方：
应用BP神经网络建立了所选添加剂在选定基础油中配伍性仿真模型，利用神经网络模型函数trainlm进行数据仿真分析研究，确定出甲醇汽油发动机润滑油最终组合物的调配配方，研制出甲醇汽油发动机专用润滑油最终配方是：
①基础添加剂：T803(0.5%) T901(5ppm)
②功能添加剂：T109（3%）T112（3%）T152（2.5%）T203（0.8%）L（0.1%）T706（0.4%）C405（0.2%）
为了进一步考察研制油配方的可行性，按照GB/T3142方法，采用MJ-800型四球摩擦磨损试验机，对研制油的摩擦学性能与参比油进行了对比试验，同时对研制油与参比油进行了发动机外特性、部分负荷等特性的台架试验和汽车整车排放试验，试验结果表明：发动机用研制油测试的各项性能优于用参比油测试的各项性能，进一步验证和考察了其作为甲醇汽油发动机润滑油的可行性，为甲醇汽油的推广应用提出切实可行的技术解决方案。
论文进行的研究对于解决应用甲醇汽油对发动机产生的影响提出了切实可行的解决方案，为甲醇汽油的推广扫清了障碍，为甲醇的应用与推广具有一定的实用价值和现实意义。
The methanol fuel as a new clean fuel relatively is considered to be the most promisingalternative clean fuel for vehicle in this century. For this reason it has great significance thatdevelopment,promotion and application of methanol gasoline in the case of that the oilresources are dwindling and the worsening environment pollutions. However, the feasibilityof methanol gasoline as a motor alternative fuel, the mixed view of the performanceadvantage has in the car, the doubts that some of its ability to meet the requirements ofautomotive still existed and the other effects that brought with are all need more technologybreakthroughs as well as increasing technology research and research efforts. In order topromote the methanol fuel,eliminate the doubt of use methanol gasoline and solve thenegative impact when the vehicle engine fueled with methanol gasoline, it is very necessarythat carry out the influence studies that the methanol gasoline as a spark ignition engine fuel.
This paper studied the domestic and foreign development status of methanol used as anvehicle alternative fuel, and be based on this, analyzed the harm caused by the methanolgasoline and use it as fuel especially for the influence on the gasoline engine materials causedby methanol gasoline and its combustion products. Then analyzed the harm caused bymethanol gasoline and use it as fuel to the car engine. Furthermore, the article not onlyrevealed the corrosion of gasoline engine metal and the swelling of non-metallic caused bymethanol gasoline and its combustion products by the large number of experiments and testsbut also proposed targeted solutions and measures. The surface covered-oxyacetylenespray technology been applied to strength the surface of exhaust valve, demonstrated itsfeasibility by associated the tests that bond strength, metallographic and anti-wear with theactual running test, the results shown that this program was not only technically feasible tosolve the material corrosion of exhaust system caused by the methanol gasoline but alsoimproved the reliability of the car.
Focus on the possible influence of the engine lubricating oil caused by methanolgasoline,by way of test to selective analysis and studied the methanol with different contentwhen it used as the fuel of spark ignition engine, its different combustion products, the impacton the engine lubricating oil performance of anti-wear, clean dispersion, anti-oxidantdigestion resistant, anti-emulsifying properties, corrosion resistance and the low-temperatureproperties as well as the law and the degree of influence caused by the methanol and itscombustion products with different content. Therefore, it was derived that the methanolgasoline combustion products have different degrees of impact on lubricant performance; Methanol content was from25%to50%had greatest influence on lubricant performance.Then the paper summarized the methanol gasoline performance requirements for enginelubricant oil so as to provides a basis for the development of methanol gasoline enginelubricants.
According to the requirement of methanol gasoline for engine lubricating oil, combinedwith the influence on lubricants and additives caused by methanol oil, based on the lubricantperformance evaluation standards, it was not only filtered the base oil and additives thatsuitable for requirements of methanol gasoline from the current domestic and international butalso put forward a preliminary program of methanol gasoline engine oil. The baseoil was a carrier of engine lubricating oil and additives were the most economical andeffective means to improve the performance of engine lubricating oil, so that reasonablematched them that in order to improve the nature of the lubricant and give the oil the newfeatures resulted in to get the more satisfactory lubricant that meet the performancerequirements of methanol gasoline engine.
In order to determine the test formula, sensitivity test had been done for the additive thathad have been selected and the compatibility test had have been done between the single-dose.At same time, depended on the test result of sing-dose and the base-oil, used the method ofcombine orthogonal test with regression analysis and though orthogonal design, this paperwas determined the functional relationship between the experimental factor and the test result.Consequently, this provided the basis for the additives optimization and initially identified theadding dosage of single additive of the researched oil. Then in accordance with the level ofthe additive factor and the orthogonal design table header L8(27) arranged the specificexperimental program and after the data processing and analysis as well the adjustment of theamount of additives,the article obtained preliminary oil-test formula.
This article used BP neutral network to build the simulation model of the compatibilityof the selected additives in the selected base oil and used the model to carry out the simulationtraining of the tested date, then determined the final allocation formula that the composition oflubricants for methanol gasoline engine and it is that:
①The base additives:T803(0.5%) T901(5ppm)
②The functional additives:T109（3%）T112（3%）T152（2.5%）T203（0.8%）L（0.1%）T706（0.4%）C405（0.2%）
In order to further investigated the feasibility of the oil formula, it was carried out thecomparison tests for the tribological properties of research oil and the reference oil inaccordance with GB/T3142standard by the MJ-800four-ball tribometer. Meanwhile, it wasconducted the bench tests of engine characteristic and engine load characteristic for the research oil and the reference oil, the result shown that engine have better performance of theresearch oil than of the reference oil. That verified and examined the feasibility of theresearch oil as methanol gasoline engine lubricants further and provided a practicaltechnology solution for promotion of the promotion gasoline applications.
The research of paper put forward a feasible solution to solve the impact on engine of theapplicant of methanol gasoline, cleared the way for the promotion of methanol gasoline andhave a certain practical value and practical significance for the application of methanol.
引文
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