流域水利信息时空表达
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摘要
地理信息的时空表达对人类认识地理世界、分析研究各种地理现象和地理实体的变化具有重要意义,同时也有利于时空数据模型研究工作。本文首先阐述了国内外时空表达研究的历史背景与研究进展；在广泛查阅大量国内外相关研究文献的基础上,探讨了国内外研究人员对于地理信息表达的不同理解以及地理信息表达的概念与内容；对地理世界中的时空观进行了分析,对地理信息的时空变化类型和特征进行了分析；将水利信息按照地理实体与地理要素进行划分,其中地理实体又包括点、线、面及复杂对象,对每种类型水利信息的时空变化特征进行了分析,在此基础上探讨了GIS中各类水利信息时空表达的方法,并初步分析了这种表达方法的实现原理。
The spatio-temporal representation of geographic information has great significance for humans to understand geographic world, analyst and research on all kinds of geographic phenomenon as well as changes of geographic entities. Meanwhile, it conducive to spatio-temporal data model research. In the first place, the historical background and research progress of the domestic and foreign study on spatio-temporal expression are elaborated in this paper. As for geographic information expression researchers at home and abroad have different understanding, according to which a new definition of the concept and content of geographic information expression is raised.
The paper also analyses the space-time in geographic world and the spatio-temporal change type and characteristics of geographic information. Then, water information is divided based on geographic elements and geographic entities, which includes point, line, polygon and complex object. Upon the analysis of spatio-temporal variation characteristics of water conservancy information, the paper studies method of all kinds of water conservancy information spatio-temporal expression and analyses the analyses the implement principle of this expression method.
The spatio-temporal representation of geographic information has great significance for humans to understand geographic world, analyst and research on all kinds of geographic phenomenon as well as changes of geographic entities. Meanwhile, it conducive to spatio-temporal data model research. In the first place, the historical background and research progress of the domestic and foreign study on spatio-temporal expression are elaborated in this paper. As for geographic information expression researchers at home and abroad have different understanding, according to which a new definition of the concept and content of geographic information expression is raised.
The paper also analyses the space-time in geographic world and the spatio-temporal change type and characteristics of geographic information. Then, water information is divided based on geographic elements and geographic entities, which includes point, line, polygon and complex object. Upon the analysis of spatio-temporal variation characteristics of water conservancy information, the paper studies method of all kinds of water conservancy information spatio-temporal expression and analyses the analyses the implement principle of this expression method.
引文
1.艾廷华.动态符号与动态地图[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,1998.3
2.艾廷华,李精忠.尺度空间中GIS数据表达的生命期模型[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2010.7
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6.陈新保,Songnian Li,朱建军,陈建群.时空数据模型综述[J].地理科学进展,2009.1
7.陈毓芬,陈永华.地图视觉感受理论在电子地图设计中的应用[J].解放军测绘学院学报,1999.9
8.邓敏,刘启亮等.三个目标间空间方位关系表达模型及其GIS应用[J].测绘科学,2010.5
9.邓敏,徐锐,李光强,赵伟.GIS面目标间空间关系的集成表达方法[J].计算机工程与应用
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15.黄培之,Poh-Chin Lai时间序列空间数据可视化中有关问题的研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2004.7
16.黄照强,冯学智.时空数据表达研究[J].计算机应用研究,2005
17.李爱勤,李德仁,龚健雅,邓轶.GIS的空间数据多比例尺表达与处理概念框架[J].地球信息科学学报,2009.10
18.李晖,肖鹏峰,佘江峰.时空数据模型分类及特点分析[J].GIS技术,2008.6
19.李霖,苗蕾.时间动态地图模型[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2004.6
20.李晓轩,王光霞等.空间地理信息组织表达方法探讨.测绘科学,2010.5
21.刘妙龙,吴原华.基于尺度的GIS空间资料表达模型[J].测绘学报,2002.5
22.刘增宝.GIS的空间关系表达及计算研究综述[J].电脑知识与技术,2009.1
23.骆剑承,周成虎,梁怡,张讲社,黄叶芳.多尺度空间单元区域划分方法[J].地理学报,2002.3
24.佘江峰,冯学智,林广发,都金康.多尺度时空数据的集成与对象进化模型[J].测绘学报,2005.2
25.唐曦,黄余明.互联网地图视觉质量的影响因素和优化对策[J].测绘科学,2010.3
26.王艳慧,陈军,蒋捷.GIS中地理要素多尺度概念模型的初步研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003.7
27.吴正升,郭健,刘松林.GIS中矢量时空数据组织策略[J].测绘工程,2010.4
28.吴忠东,张照录等.时空数据模型研究原则与表达方法的探讨[J].山东理工大学学报,2004.3
29.夏慧琼,李德仁等.一种时空数据静态可视化表达方法[J].测绘科学,2008.11
30.薛存金,谢炯.时空数据模型的研究现状与展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010.1
31.薛存金,周成虎等.面向过程的时空数据模型研究[J].测绘学报,2010.2
32.杨平,唐新明,翟亮,李霖.基于时空数据库的动态可视化研究[J].测绘科学,2006.5
33.俞连笙.地图符号的哲学层面及其信息功能的开发[J].测绘学报,1995.11
34.俞连笙.地图科学与美学的融合—关于地图的美学思考[J].测绘学报,1990.11
35.余应刚,陈朝晖,包世泰,王建芳.基于规则与覆盖的GIS制图表达[J].图形图像,2009.8
36.张保钢,袁燕岩.地形图建筑物时空数据模型研究[J].测绘通报,2005.6
37.张宝刚.城市大比例地形图时空数据库的建设[J].北京测绘,2005.1
38.张宝刚.时空数据的可视化表达研究[J].北京测绘,2006.3
39.张运,冯学智,佘江峰.基于事件-状态的地理时空数据模型研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2009.12
40.赵彬彬,邓敏,李志林.GIS空间数据层次表达的方法探讨[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2009.7
41. C.Bonhomme,C.Tre Apied,M.A.Aufaure,and R.Laurini"A visual language for querying spatio-temporal databases," in Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, Kansas City, MO,1999.
42. D.J. Peuquet. "It's about time: A conceptual framework for the representation of temporal dynamics in geographic information systems, "Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 84:441-461,1994.
43. G.M. Kuper, L. Libkin, and J. Paredaens. (Eds.), Constraint Databases. Springer Verlag:2000.
44. K. Hornsby and M.J.Egenhofer. "Identity-based change: A foundation for spatio-temporal knowledge representation," International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol.14:207-224, 2000.
45. Langran G. Chrisman N R. A Framework for Temporal GeographicInformation[J]. Cartographica, 1988,25(3):1214.
46.Langran G. Temporal Design Tradeoffs [C]. Proceedings of GIS/L IS'88, volume 2 (Falls Church, VA:ACSM),8902899.
47.Langran G. Time in Geographic Information System s [M]. Bristol, PA:Taylor & Francis,1993.
48.Langran G.States, Events, and Evidence: The Principle Entities of a Temporal GIS[C]. Proceedings:GIS/L IS'92,1992.4162425.
49.L.Florizzi,R.H.Gu Eting,E.Nardelli,and M.Schneider."A data model and data structures for moving objects databases," in Proceedings of SIGMOD Conference 2000, Dallas, TX,2000.
50. M.Erwig,R.H. Gu Eting, M.Schneider, and M.Vazirgiannis. "Spatio-temporal data types:An approach to modeling and querying moving objects in databases," GeoInformatica,Vol.3:269-296,1999.
51. M.J. Egenhofer, J.Glasgow,D.Gu Enther, J.R. Herring, and D.J. Peuquet. "Progress in computational methods for representing geographical concepts," International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol.13:775-796,1999.
52.Peuquet D J. It's about Time:A Conceptual Framework for the Representation of Temporal Dynamics in Geographic Information Systems [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1994, 84(3):4412462.
53.Peuquet D J,Duan N. An Event2based Spatiotemporal Data Model (ESTDM) for Temporal Analysis of Geographical data [J]. Interna2tional Journal of Geographical Information System s,1995,9(1): 7224.
54. P.L. Galison. "Minkowski's space-time:From visual thinking to the absolute world," Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, Vol.10:85-121,1985.
55. S. Dragicevic and D.J. Marceau. "A fuzzy set approach for modelling time in GIS," International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol.14:225-245,2000.
56. Tansel A,et al.Temporal Database:Theory, Design and Imp lemen2tation[M].The Benjamin /Cummings Publishing Company,1993.
57.Usery EL.A Feature-based Geographic Information System Model [J]. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing,1996,62 (7):8332838.
2.艾廷华,李精忠.尺度空间中GIS数据表达的生命期模型[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2010.7
3.陈宏敏,战守义,高宇,张伟.航天测控中时空数据的可视化技术研究[J].系统仿真学报,2009.9
4.陈能汪,李焕承,王莉红.生态系统服务内涵、价值评估与GIS表达[J].生态环境学报,2009.5
5.陈荣清,谢刚生,邹时林.时态GIS中时空数据表达综述[J].华东地质学院学报,2001.12
6.陈新保,Songnian Li,朱建军,陈建群.时空数据模型综述[J].地理科学进展,2009.1
7.陈毓芬,陈永华.地图视觉感受理论在电子地图设计中的应用[J].解放军测绘学院学报,1999.9
8.邓敏,刘启亮等.三个目标间空间方位关系表达模型及其GIS应用[J].测绘科学,2010.5
9.邓敏,徐锐,李光强,赵伟.GIS面目标间空间关系的集成表达方法[J].计算机工程与应用
10.杜哲.GIS时空数据模型研究[D].北京林业大学,2010
11.高俊.地理空间数据的可视化[J].测绘工程,2000.9
12.高武俊,张继贤,庞蕾.时空数据模型及其可视化技术初探[J].测绘科学,2005.4
13.方思行,陆颖.时态数据库的可视化方法与技术[J].计算机科学,1999.12
14.方裕,周成虎,景贵飞,陆锋,骆剑承.第四代GIS软件研究[J].中国图像图形学报,2001.9
15.黄培之,Poh-Chin Lai时间序列空间数据可视化中有关问题的研究[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2004.7
16.黄照强,冯学智.时空数据表达研究[J].计算机应用研究,2005
17.李爱勤,李德仁,龚健雅,邓轶.GIS的空间数据多比例尺表达与处理概念框架[J].地球信息科学学报,2009.10
18.李晖,肖鹏峰,佘江峰.时空数据模型分类及特点分析[J].GIS技术,2008.6
19.李霖,苗蕾.时间动态地图模型[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2004.6
20.李晓轩,王光霞等.空间地理信息组织表达方法探讨.测绘科学,2010.5
21.刘妙龙,吴原华.基于尺度的GIS空间资料表达模型[J].测绘学报,2002.5
22.刘增宝.GIS的空间关系表达及计算研究综述[J].电脑知识与技术,2009.1
23.骆剑承,周成虎,梁怡,张讲社,黄叶芳.多尺度空间单元区域划分方法[J].地理学报,2002.3
24.佘江峰,冯学智,林广发,都金康.多尺度时空数据的集成与对象进化模型[J].测绘学报,2005.2
25.唐曦,黄余明.互联网地图视觉质量的影响因素和优化对策[J].测绘科学,2010.3
26.王艳慧,陈军,蒋捷.GIS中地理要素多尺度概念模型的初步研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003.7
27.吴正升,郭健,刘松林.GIS中矢量时空数据组织策略[J].测绘工程,2010.4
28.吴忠东,张照录等.时空数据模型研究原则与表达方法的探讨[J].山东理工大学学报,2004.3
29.夏慧琼,李德仁等.一种时空数据静态可视化表达方法[J].测绘科学,2008.11
30.薛存金,谢炯.时空数据模型的研究现状与展望[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010.1
31.薛存金,周成虎等.面向过程的时空数据模型研究[J].测绘学报,2010.2
32.杨平,唐新明,翟亮,李霖.基于时空数据库的动态可视化研究[J].测绘科学,2006.5
33.俞连笙.地图符号的哲学层面及其信息功能的开发[J].测绘学报,1995.11
34.俞连笙.地图科学与美学的融合—关于地图的美学思考[J].测绘学报,1990.11
35.余应刚,陈朝晖,包世泰,王建芳.基于规则与覆盖的GIS制图表达[J].图形图像,2009.8
36.张保钢,袁燕岩.地形图建筑物时空数据模型研究[J].测绘通报,2005.6
37.张宝刚.城市大比例地形图时空数据库的建设[J].北京测绘,2005.1
38.张宝刚.时空数据的可视化表达研究[J].北京测绘,2006.3
39.张运,冯学智,佘江峰.基于事件-状态的地理时空数据模型研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2009.12
40.赵彬彬,邓敏,李志林.GIS空间数据层次表达的方法探讨[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,2009.7
41. C.Bonhomme,C.Tre Apied,M.A.Aufaure,and R.Laurini"A visual language for querying spatio-temporal databases," in Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, Kansas City, MO,1999.
42. D.J. Peuquet. "It's about time: A conceptual framework for the representation of temporal dynamics in geographic information systems, "Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 84:441-461,1994.
43. G.M. Kuper, L. Libkin, and J. Paredaens. (Eds.), Constraint Databases. Springer Verlag:2000.
44. K. Hornsby and M.J.Egenhofer. "Identity-based change: A foundation for spatio-temporal knowledge representation," International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol.14:207-224, 2000.
45. Langran G. Chrisman N R. A Framework for Temporal GeographicInformation[J]. Cartographica, 1988,25(3):1214.
46.Langran G. Temporal Design Tradeoffs [C]. Proceedings of GIS/L IS'88, volume 2 (Falls Church, VA:ACSM),8902899.
47.Langran G. Time in Geographic Information System s [M]. Bristol, PA:Taylor & Francis,1993.
48.Langran G.States, Events, and Evidence: The Principle Entities of a Temporal GIS[C]. Proceedings:GIS/L IS'92,1992.4162425.
49.L.Florizzi,R.H.Gu Eting,E.Nardelli,and M.Schneider."A data model and data structures for moving objects databases," in Proceedings of SIGMOD Conference 2000, Dallas, TX,2000.
50. M.Erwig,R.H. Gu Eting, M.Schneider, and M.Vazirgiannis. "Spatio-temporal data types:An approach to modeling and querying moving objects in databases," GeoInformatica,Vol.3:269-296,1999.
51. M.J. Egenhofer, J.Glasgow,D.Gu Enther, J.R. Herring, and D.J. Peuquet. "Progress in computational methods for representing geographical concepts," International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol.13:775-796,1999.
52.Peuquet D J. It's about Time:A Conceptual Framework for the Representation of Temporal Dynamics in Geographic Information Systems [J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1994, 84(3):4412462.
53.Peuquet D J,Duan N. An Event2based Spatiotemporal Data Model (ESTDM) for Temporal Analysis of Geographical data [J]. Interna2tional Journal of Geographical Information System s,1995,9(1): 7224.
54. P.L. Galison. "Minkowski's space-time:From visual thinking to the absolute world," Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, Vol.10:85-121,1985.
55. S. Dragicevic and D.J. Marceau. "A fuzzy set approach for modelling time in GIS," International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol.14:225-245,2000.
56. Tansel A,et al.Temporal Database:Theory, Design and Imp lemen2tation[M].The Benjamin /Cummings Publishing Company,1993.
57.Usery EL.A Feature-based Geographic Information System Model [J]. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing,1996,62 (7):8332838.