苹果树体伤口愈合剂的试制研究
摘要
苹果树遭受机械损伤后所造成的伤口，会对其生长带来不利的影响，同时伤口使得病菌更易入侵，导致树势衰弱甚至死亡。本试验以红富士苹果树为试材，研究了四种伤口愈合剂对苹果树伤口愈合的作用，同时对苹果树伤口愈合机制进行了初步探讨，本研究将为解决苹果生产中伤口愈合问题提供理论和实践依据。研究结果表明：
1．乳剂和糊剂均可以用作伤口愈合剂的基质。乳剂的配方为凡土林、羊毛脂、十六醇、液体石蜡、吐温-80和水；糊剂的配方为凡土林、琼脂和水。比较而言，乳剂的愈合效果比糊剂更佳。
2．伤口愈合剂内部五种因素(生长素、BA、矿质营养、蔗糖、杀菌剂)之间均呈正相关，其中矿质营养同蔗糖之间的相关性显著；说明此五种因素可协同促进苹果树伤口愈合，矿质营养和蔗糖之间的协同作用最强。四种伤口愈合剂的回归方程分别为：
(1)乳剂1-16号
Y=4.528729-0.169321A-0.148780B-0.556384C+87.55696D-44.405086E
(2)乳剂17-32号
Y=2.995738+0.045395A-0.267478B+1.093046C-45.337554D+48.010775E
(3)糊剂1-16号
Y=3.368131+0.246876A-0.676946B+0.227602C+71.252530D-170.171357E
(4)糊剂17-32号
Y=2.844327+0.025302A+0.313270B-0.376640C-16.415726D+39.696884E
(注：Y—愈合率 A—2,4-D B—BA C—矿质营养 D—蔗糖 E—杀菌剂)
3．2,4-D和NAA均可以促进苹果树伤口愈合，但是必须控制使用浓度。矿质营养和蔗糖等营养物质均有利于愈合组织生长；同时，该类物质也易被病菌寄生，产生负效应。杀菌剂可以抑制病菌侵入树体，同时也给树体带来伤害，因此在使用时必须控制其浓度。
4．乳剂10号、11号、27号、29号四个配方的伤口愈合率同对照的愈合率之比分别为：4.26、4.43、3.67、4.67，说明此四个配方促苹果树伤口愈合的效果比较理想。
5．凡士林、羊毛脂和红漆对苹果树伤口愈合的促进效果不明显。
It was unfavourable effect for the growth of apple tree to gain the wounds by pruning or mechanical harm. The germs could easily invade the trunk by these wounds, which made the apple tree from weekness to death. It was conducted to study the effects of four kinds of wound healing agent on wound healing of apple tree. The mechanism for wound healing of apple tree was also advanced. These were useful to solve the problem of the wounds in apple trees in the field. The results of studies showed as follows:
1. Both emulsion and paste were regarded as substrate of wound healing agent. The formula of emulsion was Petrolatum, Lanolin, Cetyl-alcohol, Liquid-paraffin, Tween-80 and H2O. The formula of paste was Petrolatum, Agar and HaO. The effect of wound healing from emulsion was better than that of paste.
2. The relation of five factors, which was somafostatin, BA, mineral nutrition, sucrose and germicide, were possitive correlation.The correlation analysis between mineral nutrition and sucrose was significant. So we supposed that five factors promoted wound healing of apple tree together and the synergic effect of wound healing between mineral nutrition and sucrose was strongest among all factors. The regression equations of four kinds of wound healing agent were as follows.
(1) emulsion No. 1 -16
Y=4.528729-0.169321A-0.148780B-0.556384C+87.55696D-44.405086E (2)emulsion No. 17-32
Y=2.995738+0.045395A-0.267478B+1.093046C-45.337554D+48.010775E (3)PasteNo.l-16
Y=3.368131+0.246876A-0.676946B+0.227602C+71.252530D-170.171357E
(4)Paste No. 17-32
Y=2.844327+0.025302A+0.313270B-0.376640C-16.415726D+39.696884E (Note: Y-the rate of wound healing A-2,4-D B-B A C-mineral nutrition D-sucrose E-germicide)
3. Both 2,4-D and NAA could promote wound healing of apple tree under consistency controlled. Mineral nutrition and sucrose could help the growth of callus, from which the tree was easily suffered parasitic diseases that were harmful to heal the wound. The germicide could inhibit the germs and harm the apple tree, so we must control its consistency.
4. The rate of wound healing of four agent treatments (No. 10,11,27,29, in emulsion type) to natural control was respectively 4.26 , 4.43 , 3.67, 4.67, which could tell us the effects of four formulases on wound healing of apple tree is good.
5. The promoting effects of Petrolatum, Lanolin and Oil-coating on wound healing of apple tree were not significant.
1．乳剂和糊剂均可以用作伤口愈合剂的基质。乳剂的配方为凡土林、羊毛脂、十六醇、液体石蜡、吐温-80和水；糊剂的配方为凡土林、琼脂和水。比较而言，乳剂的愈合效果比糊剂更佳。
2．伤口愈合剂内部五种因素(生长素、BA、矿质营养、蔗糖、杀菌剂)之间均呈正相关，其中矿质营养同蔗糖之间的相关性显著；说明此五种因素可协同促进苹果树伤口愈合，矿质营养和蔗糖之间的协同作用最强。四种伤口愈合剂的回归方程分别为：
(1)乳剂1-16号
Y=4.528729-0.169321A-0.148780B-0.556384C+87.55696D-44.405086E
(2)乳剂17-32号
Y=2.995738+0.045395A-0.267478B+1.093046C-45.337554D+48.010775E
(3)糊剂1-16号
Y=3.368131+0.246876A-0.676946B+0.227602C+71.252530D-170.171357E
(4)糊剂17-32号
Y=2.844327+0.025302A+0.313270B-0.376640C-16.415726D+39.696884E
(注：Y—愈合率 A—2,4-D B—BA C—矿质营养 D—蔗糖 E—杀菌剂)
3．2,4-D和NAA均可以促进苹果树伤口愈合，但是必须控制使用浓度。矿质营养和蔗糖等营养物质均有利于愈合组织生长；同时，该类物质也易被病菌寄生，产生负效应。杀菌剂可以抑制病菌侵入树体，同时也给树体带来伤害，因此在使用时必须控制其浓度。
4．乳剂10号、11号、27号、29号四个配方的伤口愈合率同对照的愈合率之比分别为：4.26、4.43、3.67、4.67，说明此四个配方促苹果树伤口愈合的效果比较理想。
5．凡士林、羊毛脂和红漆对苹果树伤口愈合的促进效果不明显。
It was unfavourable effect for the growth of apple tree to gain the wounds by pruning or mechanical harm. The germs could easily invade the trunk by these wounds, which made the apple tree from weekness to death. It was conducted to study the effects of four kinds of wound healing agent on wound healing of apple tree. The mechanism for wound healing of apple tree was also advanced. These were useful to solve the problem of the wounds in apple trees in the field. The results of studies showed as follows:
1. Both emulsion and paste were regarded as substrate of wound healing agent. The formula of emulsion was Petrolatum, Lanolin, Cetyl-alcohol, Liquid-paraffin, Tween-80 and H2O. The formula of paste was Petrolatum, Agar and HaO. The effect of wound healing from emulsion was better than that of paste.
2. The relation of five factors, which was somafostatin, BA, mineral nutrition, sucrose and germicide, were possitive correlation.The correlation analysis between mineral nutrition and sucrose was significant. So we supposed that five factors promoted wound healing of apple tree together and the synergic effect of wound healing between mineral nutrition and sucrose was strongest among all factors. The regression equations of four kinds of wound healing agent were as follows.
(1) emulsion No. 1 -16
Y=4.528729-0.169321A-0.148780B-0.556384C+87.55696D-44.405086E (2)emulsion No. 17-32
Y=2.995738+0.045395A-0.267478B+1.093046C-45.337554D+48.010775E (3)PasteNo.l-16
Y=3.368131+0.246876A-0.676946B+0.227602C+71.252530D-170.171357E
(4)Paste No. 17-32
Y=2.844327+0.025302A+0.313270B-0.376640C-16.415726D+39.696884E (Note: Y-the rate of wound healing A-2,4-D B-B A C-mineral nutrition D-sucrose E-germicide)
3. Both 2,4-D and NAA could promote wound healing of apple tree under consistency controlled. Mineral nutrition and sucrose could help the growth of callus, from which the tree was easily suffered parasitic diseases that were harmful to heal the wound. The germicide could inhibit the germs and harm the apple tree, so we must control its consistency.
4. The rate of wound healing of four agent treatments (No. 10,11,27,29, in emulsion type) to natural control was respectively 4.26 , 4.43 , 3.67, 4.67, which could tell us the effects of four formulases on wound healing of apple tree is good.
5. The promoting effects of Petrolatum, Lanolin and Oil-coating on wound healing of apple tree were not significant.
引文
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