适用于二氧化碳驱油藏地质模型建立研究
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摘要
CO_2驱技术作为提高原油采收率的一种技术手段,现在正被世界各国广泛应用,在低渗透油藏和水驱开发效果不好的油田取得了较好的应用效果。但由于油藏的非均质性、较高的含水率和导致气窜的贼层的存在,会导致CO_2驱的失败,所以有必要对采用CO_2驱的油藏进行精细描述,建立三维地质模型以指导CO_2驱的实施。本文以大情字井油田注CO_2开发的黑59区块为研究对象,总结了一套CO_2驱油藏描述的方法。以沉积和高分辨率层序地层分析为手段,以层次分析技术进行单砂体精细解剖,以沉积能量单元结合物性分析确定气窜优势通道,建立砂体叠置模式、沉积模式以及气窜高渗透层的分布规律,以人机交互式地质建模技术建立适应CO_2驱的地质模型。论文主要取得了以下主要成果:
1、通过对影响CO_2驱的各种因素的分析,确定了适用于CO_2驱油藏筛选标准;提出适用于CO_2驱油藏精细描述应以相对高渗透层的识别与分布规律研究、储层砂体的叠置模式以及内部隔夹层的分布规律研究为主要内容。
2、通过区域沉积背景、测井、岩芯分析建立了目的层段高分辨率等时地层格架,并以此为基础,结合标志层、岩性和厚度比例等,对研究区目的层进行地层划分。
3、确定了研究区的沉积微相类型为三角洲前缘亚相沉积,主要发育水下分支河道、河口坝微相;并应用密井网资料及沉积学知识进行单砂体精细解剖,建立各主力层砂体叠置模式,明确了砂体连续性、几何形态、边界位置等三维空间展布规律。
4、在高分辨率层序地层学分析的基础上,建立了单一水下分流河道、垂向叠置型水下分流河道、主体河口坝和边缘河口坝四种单元,并建立了目的层主力层段的沉积模式。
5、通过能量单元划分及储层物性分析资料建立储层气窜优势通道评价标准,在单砂体内部对进行气窜优势通道划分。气窜优势通道平面上主要受沉积微相和单砂体分布范围控制,纵向上分布受高能单元控制。
6、在相控随机建模建立的三维地质模型基础上,以地质研究成果对模型进行人为约束,对模型进行调整,建立了适用于CO_2驱油藏的三维地质模型。
As one of the efficient EOR methods, carbon dioxide has been employed worldwide to flood oil fields, which may be of tight stratums or poorly water-flooded. However it may fail due to anisotropy, high water cut and high permeability layers causing gas coning. Thus it’s necessary for CO_2-driven oilfields to carry out accurate stratum characterization in order to set up 3D geological models for CO_2 injection research before its implementation.
Hei59 Block in Daqingzijing Oilfield has been flooded by CO_2 and it was studied in this paper in order to find out the law for CO_2-driven reservoir characterization. Quite a few methods were applied in this research. Analytical hierarchy processing is applied to make a delicate characterization of each single sand body, based on deposition study and high resolution sequence analysis. The combination of depositional energy unit and physical properties analysis was used to determine the most likely gas-breakthrough channels and disclose patterns for sand superposition, deposition and distribution of high permeability layers with gas-coning. Geological 3D model, targeting CO_2 flooding, was finally completed with interactive geological modeling technology. All of these efforts brought forth the results as following:
By analyzing the regional deposition background, logging data and core specimen, the framework of isochronal-stratum with high resolution was set up. And a further step was taken to make the formation division.
The depositional microfacies type was determined to be delta front subfacies deposition, developing mainly with underwater branch channel and mouth bar. At the same time the well pattern data and sedimentology were used to get a deep understanding of sand bodies. The superposition modes for major reservoirs were found out and the distribution law for sand consistency, geometric conformation and sideline was also acquired.
Based on the result of high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis, four depositional types, such as‘bull's-head type’submarine branch channel, vertical superposition underwater branch channel, main mouth bar and marginal mouth bar, were setup and the depositional modes for major reservoirs of the objective layers were revealed.
A standard for evaluating the most likely gas-coning channels, by means of energy unit classification and reservoir physical properties analysis, was setup, aiming at gas-breakthrough study in single sand. The coning channel with high possibility is mainly subject to depositional microfacies and sand distribution range horizontally while high energy units vertically.
The facies controlled random modeling technology was used to build up the stratum geological model, which was then constrained and adjusted by geological study result. The model was eventually completed and suitable for CO_2 flooding study.
1、通过对影响CO_2驱的各种因素的分析,确定了适用于CO_2驱油藏筛选标准;提出适用于CO_2驱油藏精细描述应以相对高渗透层的识别与分布规律研究、储层砂体的叠置模式以及内部隔夹层的分布规律研究为主要内容。
2、通过区域沉积背景、测井、岩芯分析建立了目的层段高分辨率等时地层格架,并以此为基础,结合标志层、岩性和厚度比例等,对研究区目的层进行地层划分。
3、确定了研究区的沉积微相类型为三角洲前缘亚相沉积,主要发育水下分支河道、河口坝微相;并应用密井网资料及沉积学知识进行单砂体精细解剖,建立各主力层砂体叠置模式,明确了砂体连续性、几何形态、边界位置等三维空间展布规律。
4、在高分辨率层序地层学分析的基础上,建立了单一水下分流河道、垂向叠置型水下分流河道、主体河口坝和边缘河口坝四种单元,并建立了目的层主力层段的沉积模式。
5、通过能量单元划分及储层物性分析资料建立储层气窜优势通道评价标准,在单砂体内部对进行气窜优势通道划分。气窜优势通道平面上主要受沉积微相和单砂体分布范围控制,纵向上分布受高能单元控制。
6、在相控随机建模建立的三维地质模型基础上,以地质研究成果对模型进行人为约束,对模型进行调整,建立了适用于CO_2驱油藏的三维地质模型。
As one of the efficient EOR methods, carbon dioxide has been employed worldwide to flood oil fields, which may be of tight stratums or poorly water-flooded. However it may fail due to anisotropy, high water cut and high permeability layers causing gas coning. Thus it’s necessary for CO_2-driven oilfields to carry out accurate stratum characterization in order to set up 3D geological models for CO_2 injection research before its implementation.
Hei59 Block in Daqingzijing Oilfield has been flooded by CO_2 and it was studied in this paper in order to find out the law for CO_2-driven reservoir characterization. Quite a few methods were applied in this research. Analytical hierarchy processing is applied to make a delicate characterization of each single sand body, based on deposition study and high resolution sequence analysis. The combination of depositional energy unit and physical properties analysis was used to determine the most likely gas-breakthrough channels and disclose patterns for sand superposition, deposition and distribution of high permeability layers with gas-coning. Geological 3D model, targeting CO_2 flooding, was finally completed with interactive geological modeling technology. All of these efforts brought forth the results as following:
By analyzing the regional deposition background, logging data and core specimen, the framework of isochronal-stratum with high resolution was set up. And a further step was taken to make the formation division.
The depositional microfacies type was determined to be delta front subfacies deposition, developing mainly with underwater branch channel and mouth bar. At the same time the well pattern data and sedimentology were used to get a deep understanding of sand bodies. The superposition modes for major reservoirs were found out and the distribution law for sand consistency, geometric conformation and sideline was also acquired.
Based on the result of high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis, four depositional types, such as‘bull's-head type’submarine branch channel, vertical superposition underwater branch channel, main mouth bar and marginal mouth bar, were setup and the depositional modes for major reservoirs of the objective layers were revealed.
A standard for evaluating the most likely gas-coning channels, by means of energy unit classification and reservoir physical properties analysis, was setup, aiming at gas-breakthrough study in single sand. The coning channel with high possibility is mainly subject to depositional microfacies and sand distribution range horizontally while high energy units vertically.
The facies controlled random modeling technology was used to build up the stratum geological model, which was then constrained and adjusted by geological study result. The model was eventually completed and suitable for CO_2 flooding study.
引文
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