光伏电站检测系统的研究
|
摘要
作为一种取之不尽、用之不竭的可再生能源,太阳能成为世界各国争相开发的对象。太阳能主要利用形式是光伏电站,其具有数量众多、分布分散,工作环境受到多重因素影响的特点,使得对电站进行维护和监控造成困难。然而,光伏电站环境因素精确检测对于电站的安全运行至关重要。不仅如此,精确的环境因素检测还能为建立光伏电站发电量模型提供数据依据。因此,能在恶劣工况和无人值守条件下进行复杂环境因素检测并远程传输检测结果的检测系统对于光伏系统建设有重大意义。课题研究主要做了以下工作。
首先,本文分析了光伏电站的运行环境,尤其系统组件温度、环境温度和光辐照量对光伏电站运行状况的影响。确立了通过检测上述三者判别光伏电站运行状况的可行性。重点讨论了进入大气层后的环境因素对检测的影响。之后,分析了硅光电池的伏安特性,讨论了以硅光电池的短路电流输出作为光辐照量检测方法的可行性。同时,对环境温度检测和组件温度检测分别采用基于热电阻和半导体集成温度传感器的检测设计。
其次,文中讨论了硅光电池的温度效应和谱效应,以及效应对精密检测产生的误差影响。论述了应用Blaesser方法将标准检测环境中检测光辐照量推广到不同温度下,并通过引入大气质量(airmass)修正检测结果中硅光电池的谱效应的影响,保证了短路电流输出与光辐照量保持线性关系。
再次,本文在原理分析的基础上进行了相关电路的设计。采用STC12C5A16S2单片机作为数据采集与检测的核心器件。采用电子电路对光伏电站环境参数进行检测,将采样得到的环境温度、组件温度和光辐照量转换成相应的电信号。利用单片机的实时控制和数据处理功能,完成系统对环境参数的检测,配置了485总线与上位机进行通讯。同时在软件设计中充分考虑光辐照量测量的各种干扰,进行了温度校正和谱校正,确保测量的准确性。
最后,由于电路干扰对于精密检测系统的影响十分巨大,文中最后针对抗干扰设计进行了论述。探讨了静电耦合和公共阻抗耦合以及过程通道干扰对于电路的影响,给出了几种抑制方式,并加入到系统设计当中。
本文设计的光伏电站检测系统成本低、体积小、安装方便、运行可靠、性价比高,可在全天候条件下、不同温度和不同光谱分布环境中实现高精确度的光辐照量检测。可长时间自主稳定运行,安装后基本不需要现场维护。本光伏电站检测系统可应用于对光伏电站工作环境的检测,为监控光伏电站运行状况及预测未来发电能力提供可靠的量化依据。
As an inexhaustible and renewable energy, solar energy become the developed object of countries around the world competing. The mainly using the form of Solar energy is photovoltaic power plants, which, a large number of scattered, working environment affected by multiple factors. The characteristics making the power plant maintenance and monitoring difficulties. However, the precise detection of the PV power plant environmental factors is essential for the safety of the power plant. Moreover, the precise detection of the environmental factors can also provide basis data for the establishment of photovoltaic power plant generating capacity model. Therefore, integrated testing system, which have remote transmission of test results, of complex environmental factors and in harsh working conditions and unattended conditions is great significance for the construction of PV systems. The research is mainly done the following work.
First, the paper analyzes the operating environment of the PV power plant, in particular, the system component temperature, ambient temperature and solar irradiation on the operational status of the PV power plant, focused on the detection of environmental factors after solar in the atmosphere. By analysis of the volt-ampere characteristics of silicon photovoltaic cells, discussed the feasibility of detection of optical radiation exposure to short-circuit current output of silicon photovoltaic cells. At the same time, the ambient temperature testing and component temperature sensing based on the detection by the thermal resistance and semiconductor integrated temperature sensor design.
Secondly, the paper discusses the effects of the temperature and spectral effects of the silicon photo cells and the impact of errors by the effect on the precision testing. Discusses the application of Blaesser method for the detection of optical radiation exposure in the standard testing environment to a different temperature and air quality (air mass) through the introduction of amendments to the effects of silicon photovoltaic cells in the test results spectrum, to ensure the short-circuit current output and optical convergence according to the amount to maintain a linear relationship.
On the basis of the principle of analysis related to circuit design. Adopted STC12C5A16S2 microcontroller as the core of the device for data acquisition and testing. Electronic circuitry to detect the PV power plant environmental parameters, the sampling of ambient temperature, component temperature and optical radiation exposure converted into a corresponding electrical signal. The functions of real-time control and data processing of the MCU to complete the system for the detection of environmental parameters, the 485 bus is configured with the host computer to communicate. Software design, including the interference of light irradiation measurement, temperature correction and spectral calibration, ensure the accuracy of measurement.
Finally, the paper discussed the design of anti-jamming circuit, because that the interference on a sophisticated detection system from interfering circuit is enormous. It researched the influence on the electric circuit from the electrostatic coupling and impedance coupling.
In this paper, the design of integrated detection system is low cost, small size, easy installation and reliable operation. It can achieve high-precision optical radiation exposure in all weather conditions or the different environment. It also can work long time independent and not require site maintenance after the operation of the installation is basic and does not require site maintenance. The PV power plant detection system can be applied to the detection of the working environment.
首先,本文分析了光伏电站的运行环境,尤其系统组件温度、环境温度和光辐照量对光伏电站运行状况的影响。确立了通过检测上述三者判别光伏电站运行状况的可行性。重点讨论了进入大气层后的环境因素对检测的影响。之后,分析了硅光电池的伏安特性,讨论了以硅光电池的短路电流输出作为光辐照量检测方法的可行性。同时,对环境温度检测和组件温度检测分别采用基于热电阻和半导体集成温度传感器的检测设计。
其次,文中讨论了硅光电池的温度效应和谱效应,以及效应对精密检测产生的误差影响。论述了应用Blaesser方法将标准检测环境中检测光辐照量推广到不同温度下,并通过引入大气质量(airmass)修正检测结果中硅光电池的谱效应的影响,保证了短路电流输出与光辐照量保持线性关系。
再次,本文在原理分析的基础上进行了相关电路的设计。采用STC12C5A16S2单片机作为数据采集与检测的核心器件。采用电子电路对光伏电站环境参数进行检测,将采样得到的环境温度、组件温度和光辐照量转换成相应的电信号。利用单片机的实时控制和数据处理功能,完成系统对环境参数的检测,配置了485总线与上位机进行通讯。同时在软件设计中充分考虑光辐照量测量的各种干扰,进行了温度校正和谱校正,确保测量的准确性。
最后,由于电路干扰对于精密检测系统的影响十分巨大,文中最后针对抗干扰设计进行了论述。探讨了静电耦合和公共阻抗耦合以及过程通道干扰对于电路的影响,给出了几种抑制方式,并加入到系统设计当中。
本文设计的光伏电站检测系统成本低、体积小、安装方便、运行可靠、性价比高,可在全天候条件下、不同温度和不同光谱分布环境中实现高精确度的光辐照量检测。可长时间自主稳定运行,安装后基本不需要现场维护。本光伏电站检测系统可应用于对光伏电站工作环境的检测,为监控光伏电站运行状况及预测未来发电能力提供可靠的量化依据。
As an inexhaustible and renewable energy, solar energy become the developed object of countries around the world competing. The mainly using the form of Solar energy is photovoltaic power plants, which, a large number of scattered, working environment affected by multiple factors. The characteristics making the power plant maintenance and monitoring difficulties. However, the precise detection of the PV power plant environmental factors is essential for the safety of the power plant. Moreover, the precise detection of the environmental factors can also provide basis data for the establishment of photovoltaic power plant generating capacity model. Therefore, integrated testing system, which have remote transmission of test results, of complex environmental factors and in harsh working conditions and unattended conditions is great significance for the construction of PV systems. The research is mainly done the following work.
First, the paper analyzes the operating environment of the PV power plant, in particular, the system component temperature, ambient temperature and solar irradiation on the operational status of the PV power plant, focused on the detection of environmental factors after solar in the atmosphere. By analysis of the volt-ampere characteristics of silicon photovoltaic cells, discussed the feasibility of detection of optical radiation exposure to short-circuit current output of silicon photovoltaic cells. At the same time, the ambient temperature testing and component temperature sensing based on the detection by the thermal resistance and semiconductor integrated temperature sensor design.
Secondly, the paper discusses the effects of the temperature and spectral effects of the silicon photo cells and the impact of errors by the effect on the precision testing. Discusses the application of Blaesser method for the detection of optical radiation exposure in the standard testing environment to a different temperature and air quality (air mass) through the introduction of amendments to the effects of silicon photovoltaic cells in the test results spectrum, to ensure the short-circuit current output and optical convergence according to the amount to maintain a linear relationship.
On the basis of the principle of analysis related to circuit design. Adopted STC12C5A16S2 microcontroller as the core of the device for data acquisition and testing. Electronic circuitry to detect the PV power plant environmental parameters, the sampling of ambient temperature, component temperature and optical radiation exposure converted into a corresponding electrical signal. The functions of real-time control and data processing of the MCU to complete the system for the detection of environmental parameters, the 485 bus is configured with the host computer to communicate. Software design, including the interference of light irradiation measurement, temperature correction and spectral calibration, ensure the accuracy of measurement.
Finally, the paper discussed the design of anti-jamming circuit, because that the interference on a sophisticated detection system from interfering circuit is enormous. It researched the influence on the electric circuit from the electrostatic coupling and impedance coupling.
In this paper, the design of integrated detection system is low cost, small size, easy installation and reliable operation. It can achieve high-precision optical radiation exposure in all weather conditions or the different environment. It also can work long time independent and not require site maintenance after the operation of the installation is basic and does not require site maintenance. The PV power plant detection system can be applied to the detection of the working environment.
引文
[1]Li-qun Liu,Zhi-xin Wang. Solar energy development in China-A review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2009,7(14):301-311
[2]杨忠.太阳能光伏发电现状与发展趋势[J].金陵科技学院学报.2008,24(3)：13-19
[3]刘宏,范海龙.独立光伏电站远程监控系统的开发研究[C].第八届光伏会议论文集
[4]Chaiyant Boonmee,Boonyang Plangklang,Napat Watjanatepin.System performance of a three-phase PV-grid-connected system [J].Renewable Energy.2009,34(4):384-389
[5]Olga Moraes Toledo,Delly Oliveira Filho.Distributed photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems:Areview[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2010,14(6):506-511
[6]李芸婷,万振凯.Pt100温度传感器数据实时采集系统[J].仪器仪表用户.2007,8(11)
[7]D.King,W.Boyson and B.Hansen.Improved Accuracy for Low-Cost Irradiance Sensors[C].Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion,Vienna,Austria.1998
[8]Priyanka Singh,S.N.Singh,M. Lal,M.Husain.Temperature Dependence of I-V Characteristics and Performance Parameters of Silicon Solar Cell [J].Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells.2008,92(5):1611-1616
[9]王红萍.铂电阻温度传感器测温研究[J].抚顺石油学院学报.2003,10(6)
[10]刘洋,吴双,赵永刚.热电偶温度传感器的研究与发展现状[J].中国仪器仪表.2003,23(11)
[11]马净,李晓光,宁伟.几种常用温度传感器的原理及发展[J].中国仪器仪表.2004,24(6)
[12]G. Blaesser and E.Rossi.Extrapolation of outdoor measurements of PV array I-V characteristics to standard test conditions[J].Solar Cells.1988,25:91-96
[13]王红萍.一种基于基本样条插值的热电偶特性曲线拟合方法[J].元器件与应用.2000,4(10)
[14]王伟.太阳辐照度监测仪比对与校正研究[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2004
[15]孙韵琳,杜晓荣,王小杨,罗力.固定式并网光伏阵列的辐射量计算与倾角优化[J].太阳能学报.2009,11(12)
[16]刘荣林PMOS辐射检测传感器的研究[D].江南大学硕士学位论文,2009
[17]杨金焕,葛亮.太阳辐射量与光伏系统优化设计软件[J].地球太阳能.2005,12(6)
[18]孙立群,朱京平,唐天同,张玫.实现光辐射度量基准的几种方法[J].应用光学.1999,20(2)
[19]林屹.基于PROFIBUS现场总线控制系统的研究与应用[D].南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文,2007
[20]张海良.光伏电站远程监控系统的设计和研究[D].燕山I大学硕士学位论文,2006
[21]陈超.光伏电站的远程数据通信及网络监控管理[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2004
[22]刘福才,高秀伟,王娟.微波中继站太阳能供电远程监控系统的设计[J].工业控制计算机.2002,14(10)
[23]于浩洋.PROFIBUS现场总线概述[J].自动化与仪表.2002,26(2)
[24]陈德龙,秦会斌.基于Pt100的电子温度表设计[J].杭州电子科技大学学报.2005,(4)
[25]王红萍.一种基于基本样条插值的热电偶特性曲线拟合方法[J].元器件与应用.2000,5(10)
[26]G.Blaesser.PV system measurement and monitoring:The European experience[C].Proceedings of 9th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference,Miyazaki.1996:13-15.
[27]Roneel Krishna Dass,Guangyu liu.Development of a Low Cost Sensor for Measuring Angle of Irradiaiton[J].Solar Energy.2010,14(5)
[28]Priyanka Singh,S.N.Singh, M.Lal,M.Husain,Temperature dependence of Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristics and performance parameters of silicon solar cell[J].Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells.2008,(8)
[29]Julie M.Tarara,Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel,Low-cost Shielding to Minimize Radiation Errors of Temperature Sensors in the Field[J].HortScience.2007
[30]D.King,J.A.Kratochvil,W.E.Boyson,and W.I.Bower.Field Experience with A New Performance Characterization Procedure for Photovoltaic Arrays[C].Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion,Vienna,Austria.1998,(8)
[31]Lalados-Arboledas,F.J.Batlles,F.J.Olmo,Solar radiation resource assessment by means of silicon cells [J].Solar Energy.1995,16(11)
[32]B.Plesz,A.Foldvary,E.bandy,Thermal Issues of Solar Irradiation Sensor[J]. THERMINIC.1999
[33]毛荫秋,江建民.自然光照条件下硅光电池组件伏安特性[J].甘肃料学学报.1993,12(2)
[34]M.Uzunoglu,O.C.Onar,Modeling.control and simulation of a PV/FC/UC based hybrid power generation system for stand-alone applications[J].Renewable Energy.2009,34(5):509-520
[35]Hiroo Konishi,Ryo Tanaka,Toshiyuki Shiraki.The Hokuto mega-solar project [J].Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells.2009,94(4):1091-1094
[36]S.R.Wenham,M.A Green,M.E.Watt,R.Corkish.Applied Photovoltaics[M].London: Earthscan.2008:172-174
[2]杨忠.太阳能光伏发电现状与发展趋势[J].金陵科技学院学报.2008,24(3)：13-19
[3]刘宏,范海龙.独立光伏电站远程监控系统的开发研究[C].第八届光伏会议论文集
[4]Chaiyant Boonmee,Boonyang Plangklang,Napat Watjanatepin.System performance of a three-phase PV-grid-connected system [J].Renewable Energy.2009,34(4):384-389
[5]Olga Moraes Toledo,Delly Oliveira Filho.Distributed photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems:Areview[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.2010,14(6):506-511
[6]李芸婷,万振凯.Pt100温度传感器数据实时采集系统[J].仪器仪表用户.2007,8(11)
[7]D.King,W.Boyson and B.Hansen.Improved Accuracy for Low-Cost Irradiance Sensors[C].Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion,Vienna,Austria.1998
[8]Priyanka Singh,S.N.Singh,M. Lal,M.Husain.Temperature Dependence of I-V Characteristics and Performance Parameters of Silicon Solar Cell [J].Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells.2008,92(5):1611-1616
[9]王红萍.铂电阻温度传感器测温研究[J].抚顺石油学院学报.2003,10(6)
[10]刘洋,吴双,赵永刚.热电偶温度传感器的研究与发展现状[J].中国仪器仪表.2003,23(11)
[11]马净,李晓光,宁伟.几种常用温度传感器的原理及发展[J].中国仪器仪表.2004,24(6)
[12]G. Blaesser and E.Rossi.Extrapolation of outdoor measurements of PV array I-V characteristics to standard test conditions[J].Solar Cells.1988,25:91-96
[13]王红萍.一种基于基本样条插值的热电偶特性曲线拟合方法[J].元器件与应用.2000,4(10)
[14]王伟.太阳辐照度监测仪比对与校正研究[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2004
[15]孙韵琳,杜晓荣,王小杨,罗力.固定式并网光伏阵列的辐射量计算与倾角优化[J].太阳能学报.2009,11(12)
[16]刘荣林PMOS辐射检测传感器的研究[D].江南大学硕士学位论文,2009
[17]杨金焕,葛亮.太阳辐射量与光伏系统优化设计软件[J].地球太阳能.2005,12(6)
[18]孙立群,朱京平,唐天同,张玫.实现光辐射度量基准的几种方法[J].应用光学.1999,20(2)
[19]林屹.基于PROFIBUS现场总线控制系统的研究与应用[D].南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文,2007
[20]张海良.光伏电站远程监控系统的设计和研究[D].燕山I大学硕士学位论文,2006
[21]陈超.光伏电站的远程数据通信及网络监控管理[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2004
[22]刘福才,高秀伟,王娟.微波中继站太阳能供电远程监控系统的设计[J].工业控制计算机.2002,14(10)
[23]于浩洋.PROFIBUS现场总线概述[J].自动化与仪表.2002,26(2)
[24]陈德龙,秦会斌.基于Pt100的电子温度表设计[J].杭州电子科技大学学报.2005,(4)
[25]王红萍.一种基于基本样条插值的热电偶特性曲线拟合方法[J].元器件与应用.2000,5(10)
[26]G.Blaesser.PV system measurement and monitoring:The European experience[C].Proceedings of 9th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference,Miyazaki.1996:13-15.
[27]Roneel Krishna Dass,Guangyu liu.Development of a Low Cost Sensor for Measuring Angle of Irradiaiton[J].Solar Energy.2010,14(5)
[28]Priyanka Singh,S.N.Singh, M.Lal,M.Husain,Temperature dependence of Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristics and performance parameters of silicon solar cell[J].Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells.2008,(8)
[29]Julie M.Tarara,Gwen-Alyn Hoheisel,Low-cost Shielding to Minimize Radiation Errors of Temperature Sensors in the Field[J].HortScience.2007
[30]D.King,J.A.Kratochvil,W.E.Boyson,and W.I.Bower.Field Experience with A New Performance Characterization Procedure for Photovoltaic Arrays[C].Proceedings of the 2nd World Conference and Exhibition on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion,Vienna,Austria.1998,(8)
[31]Lalados-Arboledas,F.J.Batlles,F.J.Olmo,Solar radiation resource assessment by means of silicon cells [J].Solar Energy.1995,16(11)
[32]B.Plesz,A.Foldvary,E.bandy,Thermal Issues of Solar Irradiation Sensor[J]. THERMINIC.1999
[33]毛荫秋,江建民.自然光照条件下硅光电池组件伏安特性[J].甘肃料学学报.1993,12(2)
[34]M.Uzunoglu,O.C.Onar,Modeling.control and simulation of a PV/FC/UC based hybrid power generation system for stand-alone applications[J].Renewable Energy.2009,34(5):509-520
[35]Hiroo Konishi,Ryo Tanaka,Toshiyuki Shiraki.The Hokuto mega-solar project [J].Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells.2009,94(4):1091-1094
[36]S.R.Wenham,M.A Green,M.E.Watt,R.Corkish.Applied Photovoltaics[M].London: Earthscan.2008:172-174