嵌入式恒温振荡器的研制
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摘要
恒温振荡器(又称恒温摇床)是一种温度可控的培养箱和振荡器相结合的生化仪器,其产品主要是用于植物、生物、微生物、遗传、病毒、食品和制药等方面的精密培养。它是环保、医学等科研、教育和生产部门作精密培养制备不可缺少的一种实验室设备。本课题设计了一款广泛应用于医学、生物学、制药、食品、环保、检验及农业科学实验和研究的恒温振荡器。
本课题研制的恒温振荡器采用由嵌入式ARM芯片LPC2368为主控芯片和单片机AT89S52组成的双CPU系统结构,通过硬件与软件的结合来实现恒温振荡器的调速、调温和通信等多个模块的功能,并且保证恒温振荡器的恒温恒转速持续稳定的工作状态。
系统通过键盘设置速度、温度、以及打印时间等参数,在较短的时间内达到所设定参数的稳定运行状态,并在LCD液晶屏上显示实测结果,此键盘显示模块由AT89S52控制实现。键盘显示模块与主控模块之间由RS485总线连接,通过Modbus协议相互通信。主控芯片LPC2368控制的速度模块使用可控硅调速技术,温度模块使用PID温度控制算法。另外本课题研制的恒温振荡器具有网络功能,利用LPC2368自带的以太网接口与互联网实现TCP/IP联接,使上位机能够实时地获取恒温振荡器的各种参数,还能对恒温振荡器的工作过程实施远程监控。目前市场上的大部分同类产品都不具备该项功能。
本课题设计制造的恒温振荡器具有很强的实用性和稳定性,通过实验结果表明,达到了恒温振荡器的设计要求,现已经正式生产并投入市场,该设计能够满足对于速度和温度恒定以及远程数据获取等方面的使用需求。
The thermostatic shaker is a kind of biochemical instruments which combines the incubator with the shaker function together. The product is used in plants, biology genetics, viruses, microbial, food, petrochemical industry, biological heat precision training, etc. It is an indispensable laboratory-equipment in environmental protection, medical research, education research and precise cultivation for production department. This Paper has designed a thermostatic shaker, which is a scientific experiment widely used in the research area of medicine, pharmaceutical, biological, food, environmental protection, inspection and agricultural.
This paper adopts double CPU structures, whose core micro-processor is LPC2378 based on ARM7 architecture and combined with MCU AT89S52 to control different modules. The Paper elaborates the hardware structure and software design of each module.
This thermostatic shaker system can set the parameters, like speed, temperature and print time by the keyboard, and the system can arrive the steady state quickly follow the parameters. Then, the real results of the each condition are showed on the LCD screen. The Keyboard setting and LCD showing belongs to AT89S52 control module. The keyboard and display module is connected with the main control module by RS485 bus in the hardware, and using the Modbus protocol to communicate in the software. The speed control module to realize speed adjustment by using SCR (Silicon-controlled rectifier) control technology, and temperature module is mainly adopts the PID algorithm to control. All of these modules are controlled by the core chip LPC2368. Additionally, the thermostatic shaker system has the network communication function based on the embedded TCP/IP technology. PC can get the real-time data of each module from the thermostatic oscillator, which is controlled by the main chip LPC2368, and show on the local screen. So it can achieve remote monitoring, while most of the current market similar products do not have such function.
According to the design of this paper, the combination of hardware and software can ensure steady working state of the thermostatic shaker. It is able to meet user's demands very well.
本课题研制的恒温振荡器采用由嵌入式ARM芯片LPC2368为主控芯片和单片机AT89S52组成的双CPU系统结构,通过硬件与软件的结合来实现恒温振荡器的调速、调温和通信等多个模块的功能,并且保证恒温振荡器的恒温恒转速持续稳定的工作状态。
系统通过键盘设置速度、温度、以及打印时间等参数,在较短的时间内达到所设定参数的稳定运行状态,并在LCD液晶屏上显示实测结果,此键盘显示模块由AT89S52控制实现。键盘显示模块与主控模块之间由RS485总线连接,通过Modbus协议相互通信。主控芯片LPC2368控制的速度模块使用可控硅调速技术,温度模块使用PID温度控制算法。另外本课题研制的恒温振荡器具有网络功能,利用LPC2368自带的以太网接口与互联网实现TCP/IP联接,使上位机能够实时地获取恒温振荡器的各种参数,还能对恒温振荡器的工作过程实施远程监控。目前市场上的大部分同类产品都不具备该项功能。
本课题设计制造的恒温振荡器具有很强的实用性和稳定性,通过实验结果表明,达到了恒温振荡器的设计要求,现已经正式生产并投入市场,该设计能够满足对于速度和温度恒定以及远程数据获取等方面的使用需求。
The thermostatic shaker is a kind of biochemical instruments which combines the incubator with the shaker function together. The product is used in plants, biology genetics, viruses, microbial, food, petrochemical industry, biological heat precision training, etc. It is an indispensable laboratory-equipment in environmental protection, medical research, education research and precise cultivation for production department. This Paper has designed a thermostatic shaker, which is a scientific experiment widely used in the research area of medicine, pharmaceutical, biological, food, environmental protection, inspection and agricultural.
This paper adopts double CPU structures, whose core micro-processor is LPC2378 based on ARM7 architecture and combined with MCU AT89S52 to control different modules. The Paper elaborates the hardware structure and software design of each module.
This thermostatic shaker system can set the parameters, like speed, temperature and print time by the keyboard, and the system can arrive the steady state quickly follow the parameters. Then, the real results of the each condition are showed on the LCD screen. The Keyboard setting and LCD showing belongs to AT89S52 control module. The keyboard and display module is connected with the main control module by RS485 bus in the hardware, and using the Modbus protocol to communicate in the software. The speed control module to realize speed adjustment by using SCR (Silicon-controlled rectifier) control technology, and temperature module is mainly adopts the PID algorithm to control. All of these modules are controlled by the core chip LPC2368. Additionally, the thermostatic shaker system has the network communication function based on the embedded TCP/IP technology. PC can get the real-time data of each module from the thermostatic oscillator, which is controlled by the main chip LPC2368, and show on the local screen. So it can achieve remote monitoring, while most of the current market similar products do not have such function.
According to the design of this paper, the combination of hardware and software can ensure steady working state of the thermostatic shaker. It is able to meet user's demands very well.
引文
[1]我国应大力发展科学仪器产业[J].分析仪器,2004,(02)
[2]万方,戴明辉.长江角洲地区高新技术产业发展现状及海外市场开拓策略[J]. 2006.1(1):31-33.
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[5]李永.嵌入式系统的发展现状和发展趋势[J].电脑知识与技术,2005,18(5): 20-21.
[6]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[7]周立功公司著.LPC23XX微控制器用户指南User manual(英) [EB/OL].http://www.zlgmcu.com/philips/arm/lpc23xx/lpc23xx_us_en.pdf,Rev.01-6 July 2007.
[8] Chun, Tae-Won,Kim, Dong-Sik,Ahn, Jung-Ryol, Lee, Hong-Hee. Algorithms for minimizing the effect of network delay of sensor data in network-based AC motor drive. IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference),2006,4-10: 4627-4631.
[9]梁廷贵主编.现代集成电路实用手册,遥控电路可控硅触发电路语音电路分册[M].北京:科技技术文献出版社,2002,2:110-186.
[10] Liang Xiu-xia,Liu yue,Jin Luxiao,Sun He-xu. On course parameter on-line monitoring system of process control based on RS485 bus. Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2009. ICIEA 2009. 4th IEEE Conference on.2009.6:947–949.
[11]张冰,苏燕辰.基于RS485总线技术的微机与智能仪表的双向通信设计[J].中国测试技术.2005,31(1):84-91.
[12]李芸婷,万振凯.Pt100温度传感器数据实时采集系统[J].仪器仪表用户, 2007, (05):24-26.
[13] Dimla E, Dimla Snr. Sensor signal for tool-wear monitoring in mental cutting operations--a review of methods[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2000,40(4):1073-1098.
[14]梁廷贵主编.现代集成电路实用手册,积分式A/D转换及其他专用集成电路分册[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2002.2:3-66,170-241.
[15] http://www.21icsearch.com/s_DP83848.html?stype=pdf&t1=&keyword= DP83848.pdf.
[16]徐建平主编.中文版Protel DXP新手上路[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2006.
[17]赵德安,单片机原理和应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[18]石成英,李进军,刘志强.图形点阵液晶显示模块与单片机接口技术[J].国外电子测量技术,2004,(04):50-53.
[19]孔军.继电器温控系统的改进[J].设备管理与维修, 2009,(01):68-69.
[20]赵星寒.ARM开发工具原理及应用[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2006.
[21]吴云天. S8-12.5型制冷机可控硅调速系统设计(主电路部分)[J].机电设备, 1992,(02): 27-35.
[22]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[23]张志利,蔡伟.基于AD590的温度测控装置的研制[J].自动化与仪器仪表. 2001,(2):37-39.
[24]陶永华主编.新型PID控制及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003.9.
[25]樊国平.智能PID控制系统的设计与研究[D].浙江:浙江工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[26]刘克平,曹书权,李岩.基于ARM9的高精度生化分析仪温度控制系统设计[J].工业控制计算机.2008,21(7):84-85,87.
[27] Toru Yamamoto, Member, IEEE, Kenji Takao, and Takaaki Yamada. Design of a Data-Driven PID Controller. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 17, NO. 1, JANUARY 2009:29-39.
[28]田和.工业控制中软件抗干扰方案[J].冶金矿山设计与建设.1999.5,31(3): 17-19,23
[29]陈庆章,赵小敏著.TCP/IP网络原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.2.
[30] (美)Wrgiht G.R,(美)Stevens W.R.TCP/IP详解卷2[M].陆雪莹译.北京:机械工业出版社.2008.6.
[31] SMIMOV A, PASHKIN M, CHILOV N, et al.Agent based Web intelligence for logistics support in networked organizations[C].Intelligent Transportation System.2004.Proceedings.The 7th International IEEE Conference on,3-6.Oct.2004:922-927.
[32] Wang JianJun, Using AT89C52 to Design Disorder Keyboard[J].信息安全2007.3:67-70.
[33]陈冬,徐文立.液晶显示多层菜单结构的软件设计[J].电气传动, 2001,(4): 56-59.
[34]彭道刚,张洁,李辉,周凯.基于Modbus协议的ARM嵌入式监测平台设计与实现[J].电力自动化设备.2009,(1):115-119.
[35]常玉臣,郭其一.基于Modbus协议的液晶显示控制模块设计[J].工业仪表与自动化装置.2010,(1):48-51.
[36]叶廷东,钟日锋,解生冕.点阵式LCD菜单式用户界面的设计[J].电脑与信息技术,2004,(05):51-54.
[37]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出社,1999:309-310.
[2]万方,戴明辉.长江角洲地区高新技术产业发展现状及海外市场开拓策略[J]. 2006.1(1):31-33.
[3]李昌厚.生命科学仪器的最新进展[J].生命科学仪器,2003,(01)
[4] ARM Limited.ARM v7-M Architecture Application Level Reference Manual, 2006.
[5]李永.嵌入式系统的发展现状和发展趋势[J].电脑知识与技术,2005,18(5): 20-21.
[6]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[7]周立功公司著.LPC23XX微控制器用户指南User manual(英) [EB/OL].http://www.zlgmcu.com/philips/arm/lpc23xx/lpc23xx_us_en.pdf,Rev.01-6 July 2007.
[8] Chun, Tae-Won,Kim, Dong-Sik,Ahn, Jung-Ryol, Lee, Hong-Hee. Algorithms for minimizing the effect of network delay of sensor data in network-based AC motor drive. IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference),2006,4-10: 4627-4631.
[9]梁廷贵主编.现代集成电路实用手册,遥控电路可控硅触发电路语音电路分册[M].北京:科技技术文献出版社,2002,2:110-186.
[10] Liang Xiu-xia,Liu yue,Jin Luxiao,Sun He-xu. On course parameter on-line monitoring system of process control based on RS485 bus. Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2009. ICIEA 2009. 4th IEEE Conference on.2009.6:947–949.
[11]张冰,苏燕辰.基于RS485总线技术的微机与智能仪表的双向通信设计[J].中国测试技术.2005,31(1):84-91.
[12]李芸婷,万振凯.Pt100温度传感器数据实时采集系统[J].仪器仪表用户, 2007, (05):24-26.
[13] Dimla E, Dimla Snr. Sensor signal for tool-wear monitoring in mental cutting operations--a review of methods[J].International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,2000,40(4):1073-1098.
[14]梁廷贵主编.现代集成电路实用手册,积分式A/D转换及其他专用集成电路分册[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2002.2:3-66,170-241.
[15] http://www.21icsearch.com/s_DP83848.html?stype=pdf&t1=&keyword= DP83848.pdf.
[16]徐建平主编.中文版Protel DXP新手上路[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,2006.
[17]赵德安,单片机原理和应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[18]石成英,李进军,刘志强.图形点阵液晶显示模块与单片机接口技术[J].国外电子测量技术,2004,(04):50-53.
[19]孔军.继电器温控系统的改进[J].设备管理与维修, 2009,(01):68-69.
[20]赵星寒.ARM开发工具原理及应用[M].北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2006.
[21]吴云天. S8-12.5型制冷机可控硅调速系统设计(主电路部分)[J].机电设备, 1992,(02): 27-35.
[22]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[23]张志利,蔡伟.基于AD590的温度测控装置的研制[J].自动化与仪器仪表. 2001,(2):37-39.
[24]陶永华主编.新型PID控制及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2003.9.
[25]樊国平.智能PID控制系统的设计与研究[D].浙江:浙江工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[26]刘克平,曹书权,李岩.基于ARM9的高精度生化分析仪温度控制系统设计[J].工业控制计算机.2008,21(7):84-85,87.
[27] Toru Yamamoto, Member, IEEE, Kenji Takao, and Takaaki Yamada. Design of a Data-Driven PID Controller. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 17, NO. 1, JANUARY 2009:29-39.
[28]田和.工业控制中软件抗干扰方案[J].冶金矿山设计与建设.1999.5,31(3): 17-19,23
[29]陈庆章,赵小敏著.TCP/IP网络原理与技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.2.
[30] (美)Wrgiht G.R,(美)Stevens W.R.TCP/IP详解卷2[M].陆雪莹译.北京:机械工业出版社.2008.6.
[31] SMIMOV A, PASHKIN M, CHILOV N, et al.Agent based Web intelligence for logistics support in networked organizations[C].Intelligent Transportation System.2004.Proceedings.The 7th International IEEE Conference on,3-6.Oct.2004:922-927.
[32] Wang JianJun, Using AT89C52 to Design Disorder Keyboard[J].信息安全2007.3:67-70.
[33]陈冬,徐文立.液晶显示多层菜单结构的软件设计[J].电气传动, 2001,(4): 56-59.
[34]彭道刚,张洁,李辉,周凯.基于Modbus协议的ARM嵌入式监测平台设计与实现[J].电力自动化设备.2009,(1):115-119.
[35]常玉臣,郭其一.基于Modbus协议的液晶显示控制模块设计[J].工业仪表与自动化装置.2010,(1):48-51.
[36]叶廷东,钟日锋,解生冕.点阵式LCD菜单式用户界面的设计[J].电脑与信息技术,2004,(05):51-54.
[37]阳宪惠.现场总线技术及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出社,1999:309-310.