基于构件的高技术虚拟企业风险管理体系研究
|
摘要
技术更新频率加快和产品附加值提高使高技术企业面临着前所未有的危机。为了应对全球化的竞争格局,高技术企业就要快速地实现高技术产品的开发和产业化,因此需要亟待整合各方的资源优势,来分散高技术企业的各种风险,并提高创新效率。组建高技术虚拟企业(High-tech Virtual Enterprise, HTVE)不仅有利于培养高技术企业持续核心竞争力,而且还有助于整合高技术企业局部竞争优势,使我国的高技术企业在规模上以及研发能力不足的情况下,也能够进行相应的技术创新及新产品的开发。HTVE成员为了实现共同的目标,获得利润,就会承担相应的合作风险,而且所得收益也会不同。因此,HTVE须制定合理的风险管理体系,来保证成员企业在承担风险的同时,也能因合作而获得相应的收益,否则成员企业为了追求自身利益的最大化,做出影响HTVE正常运营的决定,从而影响HTVE的收益水平,甚至被迫解散。
基于构件的HTVE风险管理体系与HTVE的组织结构、HTVE各成员构件的核心能力、风险管理方式等因素都具有很大的关联性。因此,HTVE风险管理体系的研究就要与HTVE的实际背景联系在一起。论文在分析了传统的HTVE的组织结构的前提下,提出了基于构件的HTVE组织结构,并在此基础上提出了基于构件的HTVE风险管理体系。接下来按照HTVE生命周期的顺序,对各个成员构件所面临的风险因素进行识别,并利用ISM分析了各构件风险因素之间的内在联系。第四章在界定了HTVE成员构件投入资本价值和分析所有成员构件投入资本可能形成沉没成本的比例后,建立了衡量HTVE风险大小和风险损益值模型,并且用资本资产定价模型估计出HTVE的期望投资回报率,最后应用可拓理论对HTVE风险进行了评价。并在第五章中,根据衡量与评价的风险大小和风险收益值,设计了相应的基于构件的HTVE风险控制体系。在第六章利用可拓理论设计了基于构件的HTVE风险预警策略生成系统。最后,论文以黑龙江大有农业生物技术有限企业发起的生产生物信息素项目为背景,展示了实施风险管理的关键过程,验证了风险预警策略生成系统的可行性和有效性。
把HTVE的成员细分为一个一个的构件,是为了更好地分析每个成员构件所可能发生的风险,并且及时地发现,识别出来。对各个成员构件投入到HTVE中的成本(有形和无形)进行界定,以及分析这些成本中可能形成沉没成本的比例,是为了更好地衡量与评价风险,使之更切合实际。利用可拓拓展规则等设计的风险预警策略生成系统,为决策者更加及时、方便、快捷地进行风险管理提供强有力地帮助。通过本论文的研究,希望能够对我国HTVE风险管理问题的研究起到积极的促进作用,并且在实际应用中,对促进我国高技术企业及高技术产业的发展,起到积极的推动作用。
The accelerating frequency of technology updates and the improving of value-added products make high-tech enterprises face an unprecedented crisis. In response to global competition, high technology enterprise has to quickly achieve high-tech products development and industrialization, so the demand to integrate the all the resources, to disperse various risks of high-tech enterprises,and to increase innovation and efficiency is urgent. The formation of High-tech Virtual Enterprise (High-tech Virtual Enterprise, HTVE) can not only help to develop core competitiveness of high-tech enterprise, but also help to integrate high-tech enterprises local core superiority, so that our high-tech enterprises can also carry out technology innovation and product development under in the lack of whole scale and R&D capabilities situation. In order to achieve a common goal, profit and collaboration, HTVE members will bear the corresponding risks, and the proceeds will be different. Therefore, HTVE need to formulate a reasonable risk management system to ensure that member companies to take risks, but also can benefit from cooperation and obtain the corresponding receipts, otherwise member enterprise will be in the direction of their own to maximize profits, make decisions affecting the normal operation of HTVE, thus affecting the level of HTVE income, or even forced to dissolve
HTVE component-based risk management system and HTVE's organization structure, core capabilities of HTVE member companies, risk management mode and other factors have a strong correlation. Thus, the research of risk management system has closely link to the background of HTVE. After analyzing the traditional organization structure of HTVE, this thesis proposed component-based HTVE organization structure and HTVE risk management system. According to the HTVE life cycle order, this research identified risk factors of each member components and analyzed the interaction between risk factors of each component by using ISM. In chapter four, after defining the value of invested capital of HTVE member components and analyzing the ratio of all member components invested capital to sunk costs, this research established a model which can measure the size of HTVE risk and the value of risk profit and loss, and used the capital asset pricing model to estimate the expectation investment return rate of HTVE, used extension theory to evaluate the risk of HTVE at last. In chapter five, according to the size of risk measurement and evaluation and risk return values, this research developed the corresponding component-based risk control system for HTVE. In chapter six, this research designed component-based HTVE risk warning strategy generating system by using the extension theory. Finally, this thesis taken biology pheromone project which is sponsored by Heilongjiang Dayou Agricultural Biotechnology Co., Ltd. as empirical background, showed the key processes of risk management, proved the feasibility and effectiveness of risk warning strategy generating system.
In order to better analyze the possible risks of each member components, find and identify these risks immediately, this research subdivided HTVE members into components. By defining the cost (tangible and intangible) of each member component invested into HTVE, and analyzing the ratio of sunk cost, we could better measure and evaluate risk, also make the risk more practical. Risk warning strategy generating system which is designed by extension rules could provide more timely, convenient, prompt and powerful help for decision makers. The research could play a positive role in HTVE risk management issues in China, and also play a positive role in promoting China's high-tech enterprises and high-tech industry dcvclopment in practical applications.
基于构件的HTVE风险管理体系与HTVE的组织结构、HTVE各成员构件的核心能力、风险管理方式等因素都具有很大的关联性。因此,HTVE风险管理体系的研究就要与HTVE的实际背景联系在一起。论文在分析了传统的HTVE的组织结构的前提下,提出了基于构件的HTVE组织结构,并在此基础上提出了基于构件的HTVE风险管理体系。接下来按照HTVE生命周期的顺序,对各个成员构件所面临的风险因素进行识别,并利用ISM分析了各构件风险因素之间的内在联系。第四章在界定了HTVE成员构件投入资本价值和分析所有成员构件投入资本可能形成沉没成本的比例后,建立了衡量HTVE风险大小和风险损益值模型,并且用资本资产定价模型估计出HTVE的期望投资回报率,最后应用可拓理论对HTVE风险进行了评价。并在第五章中,根据衡量与评价的风险大小和风险收益值,设计了相应的基于构件的HTVE风险控制体系。在第六章利用可拓理论设计了基于构件的HTVE风险预警策略生成系统。最后,论文以黑龙江大有农业生物技术有限企业发起的生产生物信息素项目为背景,展示了实施风险管理的关键过程,验证了风险预警策略生成系统的可行性和有效性。
把HTVE的成员细分为一个一个的构件,是为了更好地分析每个成员构件所可能发生的风险,并且及时地发现,识别出来。对各个成员构件投入到HTVE中的成本(有形和无形)进行界定,以及分析这些成本中可能形成沉没成本的比例,是为了更好地衡量与评价风险,使之更切合实际。利用可拓拓展规则等设计的风险预警策略生成系统,为决策者更加及时、方便、快捷地进行风险管理提供强有力地帮助。通过本论文的研究,希望能够对我国HTVE风险管理问题的研究起到积极的促进作用,并且在实际应用中,对促进我国高技术企业及高技术产业的发展,起到积极的推动作用。
The accelerating frequency of technology updates and the improving of value-added products make high-tech enterprises face an unprecedented crisis. In response to global competition, high technology enterprise has to quickly achieve high-tech products development and industrialization, so the demand to integrate the all the resources, to disperse various risks of high-tech enterprises,and to increase innovation and efficiency is urgent. The formation of High-tech Virtual Enterprise (High-tech Virtual Enterprise, HTVE) can not only help to develop core competitiveness of high-tech enterprise, but also help to integrate high-tech enterprises local core superiority, so that our high-tech enterprises can also carry out technology innovation and product development under in the lack of whole scale and R&D capabilities situation. In order to achieve a common goal, profit and collaboration, HTVE members will bear the corresponding risks, and the proceeds will be different. Therefore, HTVE need to formulate a reasonable risk management system to ensure that member companies to take risks, but also can benefit from cooperation and obtain the corresponding receipts, otherwise member enterprise will be in the direction of their own to maximize profits, make decisions affecting the normal operation of HTVE, thus affecting the level of HTVE income, or even forced to dissolve
HTVE component-based risk management system and HTVE's organization structure, core capabilities of HTVE member companies, risk management mode and other factors have a strong correlation. Thus, the research of risk management system has closely link to the background of HTVE. After analyzing the traditional organization structure of HTVE, this thesis proposed component-based HTVE organization structure and HTVE risk management system. According to the HTVE life cycle order, this research identified risk factors of each member components and analyzed the interaction between risk factors of each component by using ISM. In chapter four, after defining the value of invested capital of HTVE member components and analyzing the ratio of all member components invested capital to sunk costs, this research established a model which can measure the size of HTVE risk and the value of risk profit and loss, and used the capital asset pricing model to estimate the expectation investment return rate of HTVE, used extension theory to evaluate the risk of HTVE at last. In chapter five, according to the size of risk measurement and evaluation and risk return values, this research developed the corresponding component-based risk control system for HTVE. In chapter six, this research designed component-based HTVE risk warning strategy generating system by using the extension theory. Finally, this thesis taken biology pheromone project which is sponsored by Heilongjiang Dayou Agricultural Biotechnology Co., Ltd. as empirical background, showed the key processes of risk management, proved the feasibility and effectiveness of risk warning strategy generating system.
In order to better analyze the possible risks of each member components, find and identify these risks immediately, this research subdivided HTVE members into components. By defining the cost (tangible and intangible) of each member component invested into HTVE, and analyzing the ratio of sunk cost, we could better measure and evaluate risk, also make the risk more practical. Risk warning strategy generating system which is designed by extension rules could provide more timely, convenient, prompt and powerful help for decision makers. The research could play a positive role in HTVE risk management issues in China, and also play a positive role in promoting China's high-tech enterprises and high-tech industry dcvclopment in practical applications.
引文
[1]王宏起,胡运权.高新技术及其产业的界定和使用规范化研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2002,(4)：8-11.
[2]科学技术部发展计划司.2007年国家高新技术产业开发区经济发展情况[R].科技统计报告,2008,420(5).
[3]国家发展改革委高技术司.2008年我国高技术产业发展报告[J].中国经贸导刊,2009,(8)：29-31.
[4]中华人民共和国科学技术部.2009年国家高新技术产业开发区经济发展概况[OL],2010-08-30. http://www.most.gov.cn/kjtj/tjbg/.
[5]薛伟贤,张志芳.高技术企业成长模式国际比较及我国的选择[J].科技进步与对策,2006,(6)：101-105.
[6]英爽,傅毓维,李欣霖.持续创新管理作用于高技术企业跨越式发展的机理研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2007,(10)：150-156.
[7]张敏,张平.基于成本分析的高技术企业融资模式选择研究[J].现代管理科学,2008,(3)：114-116.
[8]李维胜,秦长文.高技术企业发展的现状分析及对策建议[J].中国科技论坛,2005,(4)：70-73.
[9]国家发展改革委,科技部,财政部,等.创业投资企业管理暂行办法[J].中国创业投资与高科技,2005,(12)：30-31.
[10]姚飞.不确定环境下我国高新技术产业发展思路与战略选择[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(1)：176-177.
[11]高闯,潘忠志.高技术集群企业合作创新博弈及其制度分析[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(3)：65-67.
[12]王家华,李东.基于期权决策的高技术企业组织柔性变革[J].经济理论与经济管理,2007,(9)：58-62.
[13]于晓宇,谢富纪,彭鹏.知识管理与高技术企业技术创新模式的耦合性机理研究[J].情报科学,2007,25(2)：302-305.
[14]孟燕.促进高技术企业战略联盟发展的政策设计[J].中国科技论坛,2008,(4)：65-69.
[15]BUCHEL B. Managing Partner Relations in Joint Ventures[J]. MIT Sloan Management Review,2003, (4):91-95.
[16]SIVADAS E, DWYER R. An Examination of Organizational Factors Influencing New Product Success in Internal and Alliance-based Processes [J]. Journal of Marketing,2000,64(2):31-49.
[17]WALKER D, HAMPSON K, PETERS R. Project Alliancing versus Project Partnering:A Case Study of the Australian National Museum Project[J]. Supply Chain Management:An International Journal,2002,7(2):83-91.
[18]巢春来,卢智健,陶力一.面向知识经济的企业核心能力问题探讨[J].经济问题,1999,(2)：33-35.
[19]魏心镇,王缉慈.新的产业空间——高技术产业开发区的发展与布局[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1993：86-93.
[20]孔庆广.奔向成功——现代经营战略透视[M].北京：企业管理出版社,1997：235-280.
[21]赵梅,岳宏志,杨艳.高技术企业技术创新持续风险管理研究[J].商业研究,2007,364(8)：33-39.
[22]陈国权,马新.高科技企业新产品开发设想来源的实证研究[J].管理科学学报,1999,2(1)：96-101.
[23]赵炳贤.资本运营论[M].北京：企业管理出版社,1997：53-78.
[24]PHILLIPS, FRED. Managing Technical Risk:Understanding Private Sector Decision Making on Early Stage Technology based Projects[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2008,69(2):217-221.
[25]肖淑芳,罗丹.高技术企业价值来源与评估初探[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2007,9(3)：64-68.
[26]张福犀,郭玉芹.企业家精神——现代企业家成长论[M].北京：企业管理出版社,1997：384-406.
[27]杭建平.投资项目风险管理问题[J].价值工程,1999,(1)：42-44.
[28]陈德棉,姚晓芳,裴夏生,等.高技术企业成长案例研究[J].科学学研究,1999,17(3)：85-91.
[29]李成林,陈伟忠.高技术企业产权结构初探[J].科学管理研究,1995,13(2)：70-73.
[30]魏江,吴光汉.提高自主技术创新能力的途径选择[J].科研管理,1998,19(3)：38-42.
[31]卫汉明.高新技术企业与传统企业成本管理的比较[J].科技进步与对策,2008,17(8)：38-39.
[32]王棣华.如何提高高新技术企业成本控制能力[J].高科技与产业化,2005,(1/2)：73.
[33]李维胜,赵英才.高技术企业发展模式研究[J].中国科技论坛,2006,(2)：86-88.
[34]王玉峰.基于技术跨越的我国高技术企业外部障碍分析[J].中国科技论坛,2006,(1)：78-82.
[35]唐春晖,唐要家.技术模式与中国产业技术追赶[J].中国软科学,2006,(4)：59-65.
[36]SUZUKI KAN-ICHIRO, KIM SANG-HOON, BAE ZONG-TAE. Entrepreneur-ship in Japan and Silicon Valley:A Comparative Study[J]. Technovation,2002, 22(10):595-606.
[37]RICHARDS M, MARIE C D. Joint Venture Research and Development Activity: An Analysis of the International Biotechnology Industry[J]. Journal of International Management,2003,9(1):33-49.
[38]张炜,王重鸣.高技术企业智力资本形成机制的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2007,25(4)：729-734.
[39]王爱国,刘惠萍.高技术企业动态战略管理模式的支撑条件研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(5)：128-133.
[40]李维胜,赵锡斌.高技术企业生存风险影响因素研究[J].经济纵横,2008,(3)：116-118.
[41]曾德明,方卉,彭盾.高技术企业协作R&D网络与技术标准联盟契合动因分析[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(1)：75-77.
[42]曹兴,曹伟针.技术平台与高技术企业技术核心能力提升的微观机制分析[J].科技管理研究,2008,(1)：23-25.
[43]KENNETH P, STEVEN L G, ROGER N N.21st Century Manufacturing Enterprises Strategy:An Industry-Led View and Infrastructure[R]. New York: Leihigh University Press,1991:141-450.
[44]DAVIDOW W H, MALONE M. The Virtual Corporation[M]. New York:Harper Business,1992:291-308.
[45]The NIIIP Reference Architecture.http://www.niiip.org.1996.
[46]BYRNE J A. The Virtual Corporation[J]. Business Week,1992, (6):19-22.
[47]STEVEN L G, ROGER N, KENNETH P. Agile Competitors and Virtual Organization:Strategies for Enriching the Customer[J]. A Division of International Thomson Publishing.1995,210-220.
[48]KERRIDGE S, SLADE A. Supply Point:Electronic Procurement Using Virtual Supply Chains An Overview[J]. Electronic Markets,1998,8(3):28-31.
[49]BERNUS P, NEMES L. Organizational Design:Dynamically Creating and Sustaining Integrated Virtual Enterprises[C]. In:Chan Q, Cheng H F, Zhang J Feds. Proceedings of the 14th World Congress of International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC). London:Pergamyn Press,1999:568-615.
[50]MEZGAR K L. Coordination of SME Production through a Cooperative Network[J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,1998,132(9):167-172..
[51]YUNG K L, DINGWEI WANG. A Branch and Bound Algorithm for Subcontractor Selection in Agile Manufacturing Environment[J]. Int. J. Production Economics,2004, (87):195-205.
[52]YULIANG LI, XINYU SHAO, PEIGEN LI, QIONG LIU. Design and Implementation of a Process-oriented Intelligent Collaborative Product Design System[J]. Computers in Industry,2004, (53):205-229.
[53]RICARDO C, REYES G. Extension for Virtual Enterprise Integration[J]. The Journal of Systems and Software,2003, (67):141-152.
[54]RICHARD C, CHRISTINA C, REYES G. References Architectures for Enterprise Integration[J].The Journal systems and software,2001, (57): 175-191.
[55]HUANGMEI Gou, BIQING HONG, WENHUANG LIU, XIU LI. A Framework for Virtual Enterprise Operation Management[J].Computers in Industry,2003, (50):333-352.
[56]QING WANG, KAI LEUNG YUNG, WAI HUNG A hierarchical Multi-view Modeling for Networked Joint Manufacturing System[J]. Computers in Industry, 2004, (53):59-73.
[57]RONALD C BECHETT. Determining the Anatomy of Business Systems for a Virtual Enterprise [J]. Computers in Industry,2003, (51):127-138.
[58]徐晓飞,战德臣,叶丹,等.动态联盟的建立及其集成支撑环境[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,1998,(1):9-13.
[59]江资斌,高阳.基于多智能体的虚拟企业协同生产计划模型[J].武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2008,30(1)：105-109.
[60]余国龙.基于信息化条件的虚拟企业PDM系统[J].机械制造与自动化, 2008,37(2)：112-115.
[61]孙鑫,陈秋双.基于移动Agent技术的虚拟企业协调机制[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(2)：209-213.
[62]宋祖铭,宁宣熙.虚拟企业灰色评价体系的构建与运行[J].系统工程,2008,26(1)：20-24.
[63]李英杰,陈庆新,陈新度,等.虚拟企业协同项目进度控制[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(8)：933-938.
[64]韩伟,吕捷,陈优广.虚拟企业资源结盟博弈的启发式遗传算法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,14(4)：744-749.
[65]宋逢明.金融工程原理：无套利均衡分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1999.
[66]TANG, GORDON Y N, SHUM, WAI C. The Conditional Relationship Between beta an Returns:Recent Evidence from International Stock Markets[J]. International Business Review,2003,21(1):109-126.
[67]MERTON R C. On the pricing of contingent claims and the Modigliani-miller theorem[J]. Journal of Finacial Economics,1977,5(3):241-249.
[68]COX J C, ROSS S A. The valuation of options for alternatives to chaste processes[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1976,3(2):145-166.
[69]BLACK F, SCHOLES M. The pricing of options and corporate liabilities[J]. Journal o Political Economy,1973, (81):637-659.
[70]MORGAN J P, ARTHUR ANDERSEN. Corporate Risk Management[M]. NY: CIB World Building,1997:264-273.
[71]PHILIPPE J. Value at Risk:the New Benchmark for Controlling Derivatives Risk[M]. NY:The McGraw-Hill companies, Inc.,1997:125-261.
[72]皮埃特罗F,维善K B.用VaR度量市场风险[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999：349-420.
[73]GUPTON G M, CHRISTOPHER C F, MICKEY B. Credit Metrics-Technical Document[M]. New York:Morgan Guarant Trust Company,1997:426-483.
[74]何燕婷.VaR方法在我国证券市场中的应用[J].统计与决策,2003,(2)：49-50.
[75]惠晓峰，迟巍.VaR风险度量模型在证券投资基金绩效评估中的应用[J].决策借鉴,2002,15(2)：21-24.
[76]肖春来,宋然.VaR理论及其应用研究[J].数理统计与管理,2003,22(2)：6- 11.
[77]邱阳,林勇.VaR模型及其在股票风险评估中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2002,8(2)：34-36.
[78]马超群,李红权,徐山鹰,等.风险价值的完全参数方法及其在金融市场风险管理中的应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001,(4)：74-80.
[79]LUCIAN, ELISA P, LORENZO C, DONATO M. VaR as a risk measure for multi-period static inventory models [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2003, (82):375-384.
[80]HUNTER, WILLIAM C S, STEPHEN D. Risk Management in the Global Economy:A Review Essay[J]. Journal of Banking and Finance,2002,26(2-3): 205-221.
[81]杨乃定,庄宇,张金锁.高新技术企业关键人物风险防范[J].工业工程与管理,2000,(3)：10-13.
[82]杨乃定,张亚莉.论企业中企业风险管理者(机构)的设立及其职能[J].航空科学技术,1999,(4)：17-19.
[83]牛昂.银行风险管理的新方法[J].国际金融研究,1997,(4)：61-65.
[84]MILLER K D, WALLER H G. Scenarios Real Options and Integrated Risk Management[J]. Long Range Planning,2009,36(1):93-107.
[85]HALLIKAS J, KARVONEN I, PULKKINEN U, ET AL. Risk management processes in supplier networks[J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2008,90(1):47-58.
[86]冯蔚东,陈剑.虚拟企业中的风险分析与监控[J].中国管理科学,2001,9(5)：24-31.
[87]冯蔚东,陈剑,赵纯均.虚拟企业中的风险管理与控制研究[J].管理科学学报,2001,4(3)：1-9.
[88]黄敏,李凤娥,工兴伟.基于PERT的虚拟企业风险评价模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(9)：860-863.
[89]卢福强,黄敏,王兴伟.虚拟企业风险管理的组织化分布式决策模型[J].系统工程学报,2009,24(6)：694-700.
[90]卢福强,黄敏,王兴伟.虚拟企业风险管理的两层分布式决策模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009,15(10)：1930-1937.
[91]卢福强,黄敏,王兴伟.基于随机规划的虚拟企业风险管理的模型与算法[J].系统工程,2010,28(2)：36-43.
[92]AKINTOYE A S. Environmental Risk Assessment of Private Finance initiative Projects[C]. Proceedings on Construction and the Environment. NY:CIB World Building,1998:562-680.
[93]SHEN L Y, WU, SONG. Risk Management for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures in the Chinese Construction[C]. Proceedings on Construction and the Environment NY:CIB World Building,1998:85-92.
[94]李明辉.论企业风险管理组织架构的设计[J]科学学与科学技术管理,2008,(1)：154-158.
[95]史培军,邵利铎,赵智国,等.中国大型企业综合风险管理战略与模式[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(1)：9-14.
[96]王雅婷.企业风险管理现状调查与保险公司服务创新[J].改革与战略,2008,24(4)：135-138.
[97]吴仁群.IT项目投资期权及风险管理[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2003,5(2)：81-84.
[98]张珞玲,李师贤.软件项目风险管理方法比较和研究[J].计算机工程,2003,29(3)：91-94.
[99]宋光兴,杨肖鸳,张玉青.虚拟企业的合作风险研究[J].软科学,2004,18(3)：83-86.
[100]梁新,杨青.高科技虚拟企业风险评价研究[J].科技进步与对策,2005,(11)：90-91.
[101]黄敏,孙宪丽,王兴伟.基于分布式决策的企业动态联盟风险管理模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(7)：949-952.
[102]杨淑琴,杨青,王延清.基于AI的BPR技术在证券风险管理动态联盟建模中的应用[J].系统管理学报,2007,16(6)：636-643.
[103]田春叶,仇向洋.浅议虚拟企业的生命周期与风险管理[J].现代管理科学,2007,(9)：96-97.
[104]MORTON S. Management decision systems[M]. Massachusetts:Computer based support for decision making Harvard University,1971:162-198.
[105]SPRAGUE R H. A Framework for the Development of Decision Support Systems[J]. MIS Quarterly,1980,4(4):1-26.
[106]KEEN P W. Decision Support Systems:A Decade in Perspective[J]. Information & Management,1986, (11):73-81.
[107]ADOLF C M, CAROL B. A Decision Support System for Evaluating Operations Investments in High-technology Business[J]. Decision Support Systems,2006, (41):472-87.
[108]STEVEN A. A Work System View of DSS in its Fourth Decade[J]. Decision Support System,2004, (38):319-327.
[109]SPRAGUE R H, CARLSON E D. Building effective decision support systems[M]. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,1982:415-487.
[110]BOLLOJU N, KHALIFA M. Integrating Knowledge Management into Enterprise Environments for the Next Generation Decision Support[J]. Decision Support System,2002, (33):163-176.
[Ill]BONCZEK R H, HOLSAPPLE W C, WHINSTON B A. Foundations of Decision Support Systems[M]. New York:Academic Press,1981:102-156
[112]KEEN P W. Decision support systems:the next decade[J]. Decision Support Systems,1987,3(3):253-265.
[113]CODD E F. A relational model for large shared data banks[J]. Communications of the ACM,1970,13(6):370-387.
[114]CODD E F. Providing OLAP to User-Analysts:An IT Mandatary[M]. NY:A white paper, commissioned by Arbor Software,1993:526-561.
[115]WATSON H, GRAY P. Decision support in the data warehouse[J]. NJ: Prentice-Hall, Englewood-Cliffs,1997:56-89.
[116]ADRIAANS P, ZANTINGE D. Data mining[M]. Mass:Addison-Wesley Pub., 1996:35-84.
[117]DESANCTIS G L, GALLUPE B. A foundation for the study of group decision support systems[J]. Manage Science,1987,33(5):589-609.
[118]CHUNG H M, MAHAPATRA R, MARIN G. Distributed Decision Support Systems:Characterization and Design Choices[C]. Proceedings of the 26th Hawaii:International Conference on Systems Science,1993:660-667.
[119]GEORGE J F. The Conceptualization and Development of Organizational Decision Support Systems[J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1992,8(3):109-126.
[120]SRIDHAR S. Decision support using the Intranet[J]. Decision Support System, 1998,(23):19-28.
[121]BHARGAVA H, POWER D J. Decision Support Systems and Web Technologies:A Status Report[C]. Boston:Proceedings of the 2001 Americas Conference on Information Systems,2001:1025-1101.
[122]FOSTER I, KESSELMAN C. The Grid:Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure[M]. San Francisco:Morgan Kaufmann,1999:357-406.
[123]LOIA V; SESSA S; STAIANO A; TAGLIAFERRI R. Merging fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic computation in the design of a decision-support system. [J] International Journal of Intelligent Systems.2000,115(7):575-594.
[124]KUNG-JENG WANG, CHEN-FU CHIEN.Designing an Internet-based Group Decision Support System [J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2003, (19):65-77.
[125]PENGZHU ZHANG, JINGLE SUN, HSINCHUN CHEN. Frame-based Argumentation for Group Decision Task Generation and Identification[J]. Decision Support Systems,2005, (39):643-659.
[126]ANDROULAKIS I P, REKLAITIS G. V. Approach to a Synchronous Decentralized Decision Making[J]. Computers and Chemical Engineering,1999, (23):341-355.
[127]MANFRED A J. Distributed Decision Support and Organizational Connectivity:a Case Study[J]. Decision Support System,1997, (19):215-225.
[128]肖人彬,王雪,罗云峰,等.关于决策支持系统的结构与进化[J].计算机研究与发展,1994,31(4)：48-53.
[129]徐选华,陈晓红.复杂大群体决策支持系统结构及实现技术研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(13)：16-20.
[130]高鹏飞,王鹏,郭亮,等.流域水污染应急决策支持系统中模型系统研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,41(2)：92-96.
[131]陈兢,李五四.研发型企业战略决策支持系统构建研究[J].科技管理研究,2010，6：223-226.
[132]李玉海,徐畅,马思思.网络舆论危机应急管理决策支持系统研究[J].情报科学,2010,28(7)：1089-1094.
[133]贾海峰,孔萌萌,郭羽,等.水环境决策支持系统框架下的密云水库水质模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(9)：1383-1386.
[134]GOUL M, PHILIPPAKIS A, KIANG M Y. Requirements for the design of a protocol suite to automate DDS deployment on the World Wide Web:A client/server approach[J]. Decision Support System,1997,19(3):151-170.
[135]DONG C J, LOO G S. Flexible Web-Based Decision Support System Generator (FWDSSG) Utilizing Software Agents[J]. DEXA Workshop,2001, 14(7):892-897.
[136]KWON O B. Meta Web Service:Building Web-based Open Decision Support System Based on Web Services[J]. Expert Systems With Applications,2003, 24(4):375-389.
[137]周昭权,薛永生,黄震华.基于Web Service的DSS模型重用机制研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(6)：776-780.
[138]李雪峰,刘鲁,王晓云.基于XML决策支持系统决策模型共享机制的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(8)：903-907.
[139]黄海量,韩冬梅.基于Internet的群决策支持系统过程建模研究[J].情报科学,2005,23(5)：759-763.
[140]YU WENBIN, XIE KANGLIN; ZHANG ZHONGNENG Architecture research on decision support system based on the data warehouse [J]. SHANGHAI JIAOTONG DAXUE XUEBAO,2000,34(6):810-812.
[141]PETROV P V; STOYEN A D. Intelligent-agent based decision support system for a complex command and control application[J]. PROC IEEE INTCON FENG COMPLEX COMPUT SYSTICECCS,2000:94-104.
[142]TARANTILIS C D, KIRANOUDIS C T. Using a spatial decision support system for solving the vehicle routing problem[J]. Information & Management [TNFMANAGE],2002,39(5):359-375.
[143]苏占东,杨炳儒,游福成.基于信息挖掘的智能决策支持系统的结构设计[J].计算机应用研究,2005,(3)：27-30.
[144]陈建军,杨振山.基十智能体和数据仓库的群决策支持系统[J].微机发展,2004,14(1)：1-4.
[145]陈晓红,毕文杰.多Agent在群决策支持系统生成器中的应用研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2005，(34)：92-94.
[146]徐振宁,张维明,陈文伟.基于MAS的群决策支持系统研究[J].管理科学学报,2002,5(1)：85-92.
[147]JIM Q CHEN, SANG M LEE. An Exploratory Cognitive DSS for Strategic Decision Making[J]. Decision Support Systems,2003, (36):147-160.
[148]张雪松,边馥苓.基于工作流的协同空间决策支持系统的研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(10)：877-880.
[149]黄海量,卢秉恒.敏捷决策体系——基于Internet和虚拟组织的网络化决 策支持体系[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002,(9)：8-14.
[150]荆平,王祖伟.环境决策支持系统的设计技术及发展趋势[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(3)：50-54.
[151]翟丽丽.高技术虚拟企业管理模式研究[J].管理现代化,2004,(2)：31-33.
[152]刘振华.高技术虚拟企业组织模式研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学,2006：38-49.
[153]王敏毅.构件技术与中间件[J].信息系统工程,2000,(3)：39.
[154]汪应洛.系统工程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003,121-159.
[155]闫晓凤.高新技术价值评估方法的研究.辽宁工程技术大学[D],2004：28-29.
[156]范丽斌.基于实物期权的高科技企业价值评估研究[D].江苏大学,2008：38-44.
[157]SHARPE W F. Capital asset prices:a theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk[J]. Journal of Finance,1964,19:425-442.
[158]LINTNER J. The valuation of risk assets and the selection of ricky investments in stock portfolios and capital budgets [J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1965,(47):13-37.
[159]THOMAS C, FRED W, KULDEEP S. Financial Theory and Corporate Policy[M]. Boston:Addison-Wesley,2005:438-456.
[160]LEWELLEN J. Predicting Returns with Financial Ratios[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,2004,74(2):209-235.
[161]ANDRE ANNEMA, MARC GOEDHART. Better Betas[J]. McKinsey on Finance,2003:10-13.
[162]蒂姆K,马克G,戴维W.价值评估：公司价值的衡量与管理[M].第四版.高建,魏平,朱晓龙,等译.北京：电子工业出版社,2007：250-274.
[163]蔡文,杨春燕,林伟初.可拓工程方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1997：86-87,130-134,203-205.
[164]李志林.区间关联函数的新定义及其应用研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2006,36(2)：207-210.
[165]DAVID K W, CAI WEN. Treating Non-compatible Problem from Matter Element Analysis to Extenics[J]. ACM SIGICE Bulletin,1997,22(3):1-9.
[2]科学技术部发展计划司.2007年国家高新技术产业开发区经济发展情况[R].科技统计报告,2008,420(5).
[3]国家发展改革委高技术司.2008年我国高技术产业发展报告[J].中国经贸导刊,2009,(8)：29-31.
[4]中华人民共和国科学技术部.2009年国家高新技术产业开发区经济发展概况[OL],2010-08-30. http://www.most.gov.cn/kjtj/tjbg/.
[5]薛伟贤,张志芳.高技术企业成长模式国际比较及我国的选择[J].科技进步与对策,2006,(6)：101-105.
[6]英爽,傅毓维,李欣霖.持续创新管理作用于高技术企业跨越式发展的机理研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理.2007,(10)：150-156.
[7]张敏,张平.基于成本分析的高技术企业融资模式选择研究[J].现代管理科学,2008,(3)：114-116.
[8]李维胜,秦长文.高技术企业发展的现状分析及对策建议[J].中国科技论坛,2005,(4)：70-73.
[9]国家发展改革委,科技部,财政部,等.创业投资企业管理暂行办法[J].中国创业投资与高科技,2005,(12)：30-31.
[10]姚飞.不确定环境下我国高新技术产业发展思路与战略选择[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006,(1)：176-177.
[11]高闯,潘忠志.高技术集群企业合作创新博弈及其制度分析[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(3)：65-67.
[12]王家华,李东.基于期权决策的高技术企业组织柔性变革[J].经济理论与经济管理,2007,(9)：58-62.
[13]于晓宇,谢富纪,彭鹏.知识管理与高技术企业技术创新模式的耦合性机理研究[J].情报科学,2007,25(2)：302-305.
[14]孟燕.促进高技术企业战略联盟发展的政策设计[J].中国科技论坛,2008,(4)：65-69.
[15]BUCHEL B. Managing Partner Relations in Joint Ventures[J]. MIT Sloan Management Review,2003, (4):91-95.
[16]SIVADAS E, DWYER R. An Examination of Organizational Factors Influencing New Product Success in Internal and Alliance-based Processes [J]. Journal of Marketing,2000,64(2):31-49.
[17]WALKER D, HAMPSON K, PETERS R. Project Alliancing versus Project Partnering:A Case Study of the Australian National Museum Project[J]. Supply Chain Management:An International Journal,2002,7(2):83-91.
[18]巢春来,卢智健,陶力一.面向知识经济的企业核心能力问题探讨[J].经济问题,1999,(2)：33-35.
[19]魏心镇,王缉慈.新的产业空间——高技术产业开发区的发展与布局[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1993：86-93.
[20]孔庆广.奔向成功——现代经营战略透视[M].北京：企业管理出版社,1997：235-280.
[21]赵梅,岳宏志,杨艳.高技术企业技术创新持续风险管理研究[J].商业研究,2007,364(8)：33-39.
[22]陈国权,马新.高科技企业新产品开发设想来源的实证研究[J].管理科学学报,1999,2(1)：96-101.
[23]赵炳贤.资本运营论[M].北京：企业管理出版社,1997：53-78.
[24]PHILLIPS, FRED. Managing Technical Risk:Understanding Private Sector Decision Making on Early Stage Technology based Projects[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2008,69(2):217-221.
[25]肖淑芳,罗丹.高技术企业价值来源与评估初探[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2007,9(3)：64-68.
[26]张福犀,郭玉芹.企业家精神——现代企业家成长论[M].北京：企业管理出版社,1997：384-406.
[27]杭建平.投资项目风险管理问题[J].价值工程,1999,(1)：42-44.
[28]陈德棉,姚晓芳,裴夏生,等.高技术企业成长案例研究[J].科学学研究,1999,17(3)：85-91.
[29]李成林,陈伟忠.高技术企业产权结构初探[J].科学管理研究,1995,13(2)：70-73.
[30]魏江,吴光汉.提高自主技术创新能力的途径选择[J].科研管理,1998,19(3)：38-42.
[31]卫汉明.高新技术企业与传统企业成本管理的比较[J].科技进步与对策,2008,17(8)：38-39.
[32]王棣华.如何提高高新技术企业成本控制能力[J].高科技与产业化,2005,(1/2)：73.
[33]李维胜,赵英才.高技术企业发展模式研究[J].中国科技论坛,2006,(2)：86-88.
[34]王玉峰.基于技术跨越的我国高技术企业外部障碍分析[J].中国科技论坛,2006,(1)：78-82.
[35]唐春晖,唐要家.技术模式与中国产业技术追赶[J].中国软科学,2006,(4)：59-65.
[36]SUZUKI KAN-ICHIRO, KIM SANG-HOON, BAE ZONG-TAE. Entrepreneur-ship in Japan and Silicon Valley:A Comparative Study[J]. Technovation,2002, 22(10):595-606.
[37]RICHARDS M, MARIE C D. Joint Venture Research and Development Activity: An Analysis of the International Biotechnology Industry[J]. Journal of International Management,2003,9(1):33-49.
[38]张炜,王重鸣.高技术企业智力资本形成机制的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2007,25(4)：729-734.
[39]王爱国,刘惠萍.高技术企业动态战略管理模式的支撑条件研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2007,(5)：128-133.
[40]李维胜,赵锡斌.高技术企业生存风险影响因素研究[J].经济纵横,2008,(3)：116-118.
[41]曾德明,方卉,彭盾.高技术企业协作R&D网络与技术标准联盟契合动因分析[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(1)：75-77.
[42]曹兴,曹伟针.技术平台与高技术企业技术核心能力提升的微观机制分析[J].科技管理研究,2008,(1)：23-25.
[43]KENNETH P, STEVEN L G, ROGER N N.21st Century Manufacturing Enterprises Strategy:An Industry-Led View and Infrastructure[R]. New York: Leihigh University Press,1991:141-450.
[44]DAVIDOW W H, MALONE M. The Virtual Corporation[M]. New York:Harper Business,1992:291-308.
[45]The NIIIP Reference Architecture.http://www.niiip.org.1996.
[46]BYRNE J A. The Virtual Corporation[J]. Business Week,1992, (6):19-22.
[47]STEVEN L G, ROGER N, KENNETH P. Agile Competitors and Virtual Organization:Strategies for Enriching the Customer[J]. A Division of International Thomson Publishing.1995,210-220.
[48]KERRIDGE S, SLADE A. Supply Point:Electronic Procurement Using Virtual Supply Chains An Overview[J]. Electronic Markets,1998,8(3):28-31.
[49]BERNUS P, NEMES L. Organizational Design:Dynamically Creating and Sustaining Integrated Virtual Enterprises[C]. In:Chan Q, Cheng H F, Zhang J Feds. Proceedings of the 14th World Congress of International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC). London:Pergamyn Press,1999:568-615.
[50]MEZGAR K L. Coordination of SME Production through a Cooperative Network[J]. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,1998,132(9):167-172..
[51]YUNG K L, DINGWEI WANG. A Branch and Bound Algorithm for Subcontractor Selection in Agile Manufacturing Environment[J]. Int. J. Production Economics,2004, (87):195-205.
[52]YULIANG LI, XINYU SHAO, PEIGEN LI, QIONG LIU. Design and Implementation of a Process-oriented Intelligent Collaborative Product Design System[J]. Computers in Industry,2004, (53):205-229.
[53]RICARDO C, REYES G. Extension for Virtual Enterprise Integration[J]. The Journal of Systems and Software,2003, (67):141-152.
[54]RICHARD C, CHRISTINA C, REYES G. References Architectures for Enterprise Integration[J].The Journal systems and software,2001, (57): 175-191.
[55]HUANGMEI Gou, BIQING HONG, WENHUANG LIU, XIU LI. A Framework for Virtual Enterprise Operation Management[J].Computers in Industry,2003, (50):333-352.
[56]QING WANG, KAI LEUNG YUNG, WAI HUNG A hierarchical Multi-view Modeling for Networked Joint Manufacturing System[J]. Computers in Industry, 2004, (53):59-73.
[57]RONALD C BECHETT. Determining the Anatomy of Business Systems for a Virtual Enterprise [J]. Computers in Industry,2003, (51):127-138.
[58]徐晓飞,战德臣,叶丹,等.动态联盟的建立及其集成支撑环境[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,1998,(1):9-13.
[59]江资斌,高阳.基于多智能体的虚拟企业协同生产计划模型[J].武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2008,30(1)：105-109.
[60]余国龙.基于信息化条件的虚拟企业PDM系统[J].机械制造与自动化, 2008,37(2)：112-115.
[61]孙鑫,陈秋双.基于移动Agent技术的虚拟企业协调机制[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(2)：209-213.
[62]宋祖铭,宁宣熙.虚拟企业灰色评价体系的构建与运行[J].系统工程,2008,26(1)：20-24.
[63]李英杰,陈庆新,陈新度,等.虚拟企业协同项目进度控制[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(8)：933-938.
[64]韩伟,吕捷,陈优广.虚拟企业资源结盟博弈的启发式遗传算法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,14(4)：744-749.
[65]宋逢明.金融工程原理：无套利均衡分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1999.
[66]TANG, GORDON Y N, SHUM, WAI C. The Conditional Relationship Between beta an Returns:Recent Evidence from International Stock Markets[J]. International Business Review,2003,21(1):109-126.
[67]MERTON R C. On the pricing of contingent claims and the Modigliani-miller theorem[J]. Journal of Finacial Economics,1977,5(3):241-249.
[68]COX J C, ROSS S A. The valuation of options for alternatives to chaste processes[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1976,3(2):145-166.
[69]BLACK F, SCHOLES M. The pricing of options and corporate liabilities[J]. Journal o Political Economy,1973, (81):637-659.
[70]MORGAN J P, ARTHUR ANDERSEN. Corporate Risk Management[M]. NY: CIB World Building,1997:264-273.
[71]PHILIPPE J. Value at Risk:the New Benchmark for Controlling Derivatives Risk[M]. NY:The McGraw-Hill companies, Inc.,1997:125-261.
[72]皮埃特罗F,维善K B.用VaR度量市场风险[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999：349-420.
[73]GUPTON G M, CHRISTOPHER C F, MICKEY B. Credit Metrics-Technical Document[M]. New York:Morgan Guarant Trust Company,1997:426-483.
[74]何燕婷.VaR方法在我国证券市场中的应用[J].统计与决策,2003,(2)：49-50.
[75]惠晓峰，迟巍.VaR风险度量模型在证券投资基金绩效评估中的应用[J].决策借鉴,2002,15(2)：21-24.
[76]肖春来,宋然.VaR理论及其应用研究[J].数理统计与管理,2003,22(2)：6- 11.
[77]邱阳,林勇.VaR模型及其在股票风险评估中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2002,8(2)：34-36.
[78]马超群,李红权,徐山鹰,等.风险价值的完全参数方法及其在金融市场风险管理中的应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001,(4)：74-80.
[79]LUCIAN, ELISA P, LORENZO C, DONATO M. VaR as a risk measure for multi-period static inventory models [J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2003, (82):375-384.
[80]HUNTER, WILLIAM C S, STEPHEN D. Risk Management in the Global Economy:A Review Essay[J]. Journal of Banking and Finance,2002,26(2-3): 205-221.
[81]杨乃定,庄宇,张金锁.高新技术企业关键人物风险防范[J].工业工程与管理,2000,(3)：10-13.
[82]杨乃定,张亚莉.论企业中企业风险管理者(机构)的设立及其职能[J].航空科学技术,1999,(4)：17-19.
[83]牛昂.银行风险管理的新方法[J].国际金融研究,1997,(4)：61-65.
[84]MILLER K D, WALLER H G. Scenarios Real Options and Integrated Risk Management[J]. Long Range Planning,2009,36(1):93-107.
[85]HALLIKAS J, KARVONEN I, PULKKINEN U, ET AL. Risk management processes in supplier networks[J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2008,90(1):47-58.
[86]冯蔚东,陈剑.虚拟企业中的风险分析与监控[J].中国管理科学,2001,9(5)：24-31.
[87]冯蔚东,陈剑,赵纯均.虚拟企业中的风险管理与控制研究[J].管理科学学报,2001,4(3)：1-9.
[88]黄敏,李凤娥,工兴伟.基于PERT的虚拟企业风险评价模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(9)：860-863.
[89]卢福强,黄敏,王兴伟.虚拟企业风险管理的组织化分布式决策模型[J].系统工程学报,2009,24(6)：694-700.
[90]卢福强,黄敏,王兴伟.虚拟企业风险管理的两层分布式决策模型[J].计算机集成制造系统,2009,15(10)：1930-1937.
[91]卢福强,黄敏,王兴伟.基于随机规划的虚拟企业风险管理的模型与算法[J].系统工程,2010,28(2)：36-43.
[92]AKINTOYE A S. Environmental Risk Assessment of Private Finance initiative Projects[C]. Proceedings on Construction and the Environment. NY:CIB World Building,1998:562-680.
[93]SHEN L Y, WU, SONG. Risk Management for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures in the Chinese Construction[C]. Proceedings on Construction and the Environment NY:CIB World Building,1998:85-92.
[94]李明辉.论企业风险管理组织架构的设计[J]科学学与科学技术管理,2008,(1)：154-158.
[95]史培军,邵利铎,赵智国,等.中国大型企业综合风险管理战略与模式[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(1)：9-14.
[96]王雅婷.企业风险管理现状调查与保险公司服务创新[J].改革与战略,2008,24(4)：135-138.
[97]吴仁群.IT项目投资期权及风险管理[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2003,5(2)：81-84.
[98]张珞玲,李师贤.软件项目风险管理方法比较和研究[J].计算机工程,2003,29(3)：91-94.
[99]宋光兴,杨肖鸳,张玉青.虚拟企业的合作风险研究[J].软科学,2004,18(3)：83-86.
[100]梁新,杨青.高科技虚拟企业风险评价研究[J].科技进步与对策,2005,(11)：90-91.
[101]黄敏,孙宪丽,王兴伟.基于分布式决策的企业动态联盟风险管理模型[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(7)：949-952.
[102]杨淑琴,杨青,王延清.基于AI的BPR技术在证券风险管理动态联盟建模中的应用[J].系统管理学报,2007,16(6)：636-643.
[103]田春叶,仇向洋.浅议虚拟企业的生命周期与风险管理[J].现代管理科学,2007,(9)：96-97.
[104]MORTON S. Management decision systems[M]. Massachusetts:Computer based support for decision making Harvard University,1971:162-198.
[105]SPRAGUE R H. A Framework for the Development of Decision Support Systems[J]. MIS Quarterly,1980,4(4):1-26.
[106]KEEN P W. Decision Support Systems:A Decade in Perspective[J]. Information & Management,1986, (11):73-81.
[107]ADOLF C M, CAROL B. A Decision Support System for Evaluating Operations Investments in High-technology Business[J]. Decision Support Systems,2006, (41):472-87.
[108]STEVEN A. A Work System View of DSS in its Fourth Decade[J]. Decision Support System,2004, (38):319-327.
[109]SPRAGUE R H, CARLSON E D. Building effective decision support systems[M]. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,1982:415-487.
[110]BOLLOJU N, KHALIFA M. Integrating Knowledge Management into Enterprise Environments for the Next Generation Decision Support[J]. Decision Support System,2002, (33):163-176.
[Ill]BONCZEK R H, HOLSAPPLE W C, WHINSTON B A. Foundations of Decision Support Systems[M]. New York:Academic Press,1981:102-156
[112]KEEN P W. Decision support systems:the next decade[J]. Decision Support Systems,1987,3(3):253-265.
[113]CODD E F. A relational model for large shared data banks[J]. Communications of the ACM,1970,13(6):370-387.
[114]CODD E F. Providing OLAP to User-Analysts:An IT Mandatary[M]. NY:A white paper, commissioned by Arbor Software,1993:526-561.
[115]WATSON H, GRAY P. Decision support in the data warehouse[J]. NJ: Prentice-Hall, Englewood-Cliffs,1997:56-89.
[116]ADRIAANS P, ZANTINGE D. Data mining[M]. Mass:Addison-Wesley Pub., 1996:35-84.
[117]DESANCTIS G L, GALLUPE B. A foundation for the study of group decision support systems[J]. Manage Science,1987,33(5):589-609.
[118]CHUNG H M, MAHAPATRA R, MARIN G. Distributed Decision Support Systems:Characterization and Design Choices[C]. Proceedings of the 26th Hawaii:International Conference on Systems Science,1993:660-667.
[119]GEORGE J F. The Conceptualization and Development of Organizational Decision Support Systems[J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1992,8(3):109-126.
[120]SRIDHAR S. Decision support using the Intranet[J]. Decision Support System, 1998,(23):19-28.
[121]BHARGAVA H, POWER D J. Decision Support Systems and Web Technologies:A Status Report[C]. Boston:Proceedings of the 2001 Americas Conference on Information Systems,2001:1025-1101.
[122]FOSTER I, KESSELMAN C. The Grid:Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure[M]. San Francisco:Morgan Kaufmann,1999:357-406.
[123]LOIA V; SESSA S; STAIANO A; TAGLIAFERRI R. Merging fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic computation in the design of a decision-support system. [J] International Journal of Intelligent Systems.2000,115(7):575-594.
[124]KUNG-JENG WANG, CHEN-FU CHIEN.Designing an Internet-based Group Decision Support System [J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2003, (19):65-77.
[125]PENGZHU ZHANG, JINGLE SUN, HSINCHUN CHEN. Frame-based Argumentation for Group Decision Task Generation and Identification[J]. Decision Support Systems,2005, (39):643-659.
[126]ANDROULAKIS I P, REKLAITIS G. V. Approach to a Synchronous Decentralized Decision Making[J]. Computers and Chemical Engineering,1999, (23):341-355.
[127]MANFRED A J. Distributed Decision Support and Organizational Connectivity:a Case Study[J]. Decision Support System,1997, (19):215-225.
[128]肖人彬,王雪,罗云峰,等.关于决策支持系统的结构与进化[J].计算机研究与发展,1994,31(4)：48-53.
[129]徐选华,陈晓红.复杂大群体决策支持系统结构及实现技术研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(13)：16-20.
[130]高鹏飞,王鹏,郭亮,等.流域水污染应急决策支持系统中模型系统研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,41(2)：92-96.
[131]陈兢,李五四.研发型企业战略决策支持系统构建研究[J].科技管理研究,2010，6：223-226.
[132]李玉海,徐畅,马思思.网络舆论危机应急管理决策支持系统研究[J].情报科学,2010,28(7)：1089-1094.
[133]贾海峰,孔萌萌,郭羽,等.水环境决策支持系统框架下的密云水库水质模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(9)：1383-1386.
[134]GOUL M, PHILIPPAKIS A, KIANG M Y. Requirements for the design of a protocol suite to automate DDS deployment on the World Wide Web:A client/server approach[J]. Decision Support System,1997,19(3):151-170.
[135]DONG C J, LOO G S. Flexible Web-Based Decision Support System Generator (FWDSSG) Utilizing Software Agents[J]. DEXA Workshop,2001, 14(7):892-897.
[136]KWON O B. Meta Web Service:Building Web-based Open Decision Support System Based on Web Services[J]. Expert Systems With Applications,2003, 24(4):375-389.
[137]周昭权,薛永生,黄震华.基于Web Service的DSS模型重用机制研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2004,43(6)：776-780.
[138]李雪峰,刘鲁,王晓云.基于XML决策支持系统决策模型共享机制的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2004,10(8)：903-907.
[139]黄海量,韩冬梅.基于Internet的群决策支持系统过程建模研究[J].情报科学,2005,23(5)：759-763.
[140]YU WENBIN, XIE KANGLIN; ZHANG ZHONGNENG Architecture research on decision support system based on the data warehouse [J]. SHANGHAI JIAOTONG DAXUE XUEBAO,2000,34(6):810-812.
[141]PETROV P V; STOYEN A D. Intelligent-agent based decision support system for a complex command and control application[J]. PROC IEEE INTCON FENG COMPLEX COMPUT SYSTICECCS,2000:94-104.
[142]TARANTILIS C D, KIRANOUDIS C T. Using a spatial decision support system for solving the vehicle routing problem[J]. Information & Management [TNFMANAGE],2002,39(5):359-375.
[143]苏占东,杨炳儒,游福成.基于信息挖掘的智能决策支持系统的结构设计[J].计算机应用研究,2005,(3)：27-30.
[144]陈建军,杨振山.基十智能体和数据仓库的群决策支持系统[J].微机发展,2004,14(1)：1-4.
[145]陈晓红,毕文杰.多Agent在群决策支持系统生成器中的应用研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2005，(34)：92-94.
[146]徐振宁,张维明,陈文伟.基于MAS的群决策支持系统研究[J].管理科学学报,2002,5(1)：85-92.
[147]JIM Q CHEN, SANG M LEE. An Exploratory Cognitive DSS for Strategic Decision Making[J]. Decision Support Systems,2003, (36):147-160.
[148]张雪松,边馥苓.基于工作流的协同空间决策支持系统的研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(10)：877-880.
[149]黄海量,卢秉恒.敏捷决策体系——基于Internet和虚拟组织的网络化决 策支持体系[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002,(9)：8-14.
[150]荆平,王祖伟.环境决策支持系统的设计技术及发展趋势[J].环境科学与技术,2006,29(3)：50-54.
[151]翟丽丽.高技术虚拟企业管理模式研究[J].管理现代化,2004,(2)：31-33.
[152]刘振华.高技术虚拟企业组织模式研究[D].哈尔滨理工大学,2006：38-49.
[153]王敏毅.构件技术与中间件[J].信息系统工程,2000,(3)：39.
[154]汪应洛.系统工程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003,121-159.
[155]闫晓凤.高新技术价值评估方法的研究.辽宁工程技术大学[D],2004：28-29.
[156]范丽斌.基于实物期权的高科技企业价值评估研究[D].江苏大学,2008：38-44.
[157]SHARPE W F. Capital asset prices:a theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk[J]. Journal of Finance,1964,19:425-442.
[158]LINTNER J. The valuation of risk assets and the selection of ricky investments in stock portfolios and capital budgets [J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1965,(47):13-37.
[159]THOMAS C, FRED W, KULDEEP S. Financial Theory and Corporate Policy[M]. Boston:Addison-Wesley,2005:438-456.
[160]LEWELLEN J. Predicting Returns with Financial Ratios[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,2004,74(2):209-235.
[161]ANDRE ANNEMA, MARC GOEDHART. Better Betas[J]. McKinsey on Finance,2003:10-13.
[162]蒂姆K,马克G,戴维W.价值评估：公司价值的衡量与管理[M].第四版.高建,魏平,朱晓龙,等译.北京：电子工业出版社,2007：250-274.
[163]蔡文,杨春燕,林伟初.可拓工程方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1997：86-87,130-134,203-205.
[164]李志林.区间关联函数的新定义及其应用研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2006,36(2)：207-210.
[165]DAVID K W, CAI WEN. Treating Non-compatible Problem from Matter Element Analysis to Extenics[J]. ACM SIGICE Bulletin,1997,22(3):1-9.