立体仓库时空数据模型的构建与应用研究
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摘要
物流业是国民经济的重要组成部分,作为国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业,物流业的发展程度已成为衡量一个国家现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志。仓储是物流链上最重要的环节之一,仓储系统的运作效率和成本直接影响了整个物流的效率和成本。随着经济的发展,社会对仓储的需求日趋高水平化和多样化,但目前仓储服务质量和服务效率还远不能满足这种需求,提高仓储管理的效率和服务质量已成为社会普遍关注的热点和难点。
仓库业务活动是一个典型的时空过程,对地理空间和时间存在较大的依赖。立体仓库是以高层立体货架为主体,以成套搬运设备为基础,以计算机控制技术为主要手段的高效率、大容量储藏系统,对时间和空间的依赖更为突出。伴随立体仓库业务的开展,货物频繁地发生入库、上架、转仓、下架、出库等事件,引发了货物时空状态的快速变化。同时立体仓库对业务变化的应对,导致了仓库储区的变化、货架储位的拆分合并,需要对库内外车辆进行实时监控、对业务流程加以实时优化,这些都加大了立体仓库管理的难度。伴随立体仓库规模的扩大以及立体仓库管理要求的提高,立体仓库业务运作需要大量时空信息的支持,如储位共享存储、储位调整、储位利用率分析、货物时空分布、货物出入库流量分析、货物实时盘库、车辆实时监控等。原有的MIS系统已经难以满足立体仓库新的需求,为了合理配置仓储资源、降低仓储成本、控制仓库业务流程,需要对立体仓库空间对象及其相互之间复杂的时空关系进行研究。综上,开展立体仓库时空数据模型的研究具有重要意义和迫切性。
因此本文以立体仓库及其业务为研究对象,运用系统科学的观点,采用面向对象的建模方法,对立体仓库时空数据建模及拣货动态优化进行了深入研究,主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)分析了立体仓库基本作业流程、组成对象及其时空特征。分别从业务流程和时空特征的角度进行了立体仓库数据的分类,建立了基于立体仓库知识的数据对象分类体系。
(2)系统论述了立体仓库数据对象的表现形式、获取方式。针对立体仓库数据实时获取和可视化问题,设计了基于条形码、GPS/GPRS、ZigBee技术的数据采集方法,实现了立体仓库业务数据和空间数据的实时采集与表达,为构建立体仓库时空数据模型提供了数据支撑。
(3)根据立体仓库数据对象的特点,采用事件描述与面向对象分析相结合的方法,分析了立体仓库组成对象及其之间的关系,构建了面向对象的立体仓库时空数据模型。
(4)分析了立体仓库事件,提出了基于事件序列的对象复杂行为建模方法。对事件、事件联系和事件序列进行了形式化定义,给出了描述对象复杂行为的规范形式化描述模板及具体描述方法。对立体仓库中的事件进行了抽取和编码,并给出了立体仓库时空数据的组织和存储方式。
(5)基于立体仓库时空数据模型提出了该数据模型的应用框架。以立体仓库拣货作业为切入点,详细分析了立体仓库拣货系统和作业目标,基于立体仓库时空数据模型,提出了一种顾及货物时空特征的立体仓库拣货作业动态调度方案,构建了动态调度优化模型并进行了验证。
(6)依据面向对象的软件设计方法,开发了基于时空数据模型的立体仓库管理信息系统。阐述了系统开发环境、整体系统架构、数据库设计以及系统的各种功能,并对上述功能进行了实现。通过信息系统在企业中的实际应用,验证了本文构建的立体仓库时空数据模型,同时也为立体仓库的管理和决策提供了解决方案。
本文具有如下创新之处：
(1)建立了基于立体仓库知识的仓库数据对象分类体系,运用时空观点系统地对立体仓库组成对象进行了时空特征的分析和表达,为构建立体仓库时空数据模型奠定了基础。
(2)针对立体仓库的时空特征,构建了面向对象的立体仓库时空数据模型,实现了立体仓库中各类对象的数据表达以及他们之间复杂的时间、空间关系描述。针对面向对象静态模型表达立体仓库对象动态行为的不足,提出了基于事件序列的立体仓库对象复杂行为建模方法,给出了事件、事件联系和事通序列的形式化定义,通过事件的驱动实现立体仓库对象及对象之间的时间、空间及属性行为的各种操作,完成了数据的更新。
(3)提出了立体仓库时空数据模型的应用框架,以立体仓库拣货动态调度为切入点,给出了一种顾及货物时空特征的立体仓库拣货动态调度方案。结合立体仓库拣货作业的实际情况设计了拣货动态调度优化模型,实现了立体仓库拣货作业动态调度。
The logistics industry is an important part of the national economy. As the artery of national economic development and the basic industries, its development has become the measure of a country's modernization level and an important indicator of comprehensive national strength. Operational efficiency and cost of storage system directly affected the efficiency and cost of logistics due to its important roles in logistics chain. With the social and economic development, the problem that the storage service-quality and storage efficiency can't meet the increasing needs of logistics for society becomes more and more prominent. How to reduce the storage cost and improve storage efficiency are the open topics and should be pay more attentions.
Warehouse operations are typical spatio-temporal process, which are dependent on geographical space and time greatly. Stereoscopic warehouse is a high-efficiency and high-capacity storage system, which is dependent on the time and space, is composed of high level rack, complete handling equipment and computing technology. With the rapid development of economic, the operational events of inbounding, shelving, outbounding, picking and stock transferring for goods happen frequently in warehouse and leading to spatio-temporal changes to goods. At the same time, the stereoscopic warehouse are vary with business changes leads to the changes in the layout of the warehouse, split and merger of shelf and slotting, the real-time monitoring and management of vehicles and business processes, which increases the difficulty for warehouse management. With the expansion of stereoscopic warehouse scale and increase of stereoscopic warehouse management requirements, the operations of stereoscopic warehouse needs a large amount of spatio-temporal information, such as the slot sharing, changing, utilization analysis, spatial and temporal distribution of goods, goods out of storage traffic analysis, real-time stocktaking of goods, real-time monitoring of vehicles, and so on. The existed MIS systems have difficult to meet new needs of stereoscopic warehouse. In order to allocating storage resources rationally, reducing storage costs and controlling the warehouse business process, it is necessary to analyze and model the objects of stereoscopic warehouse and their relations. So it is a meaningful thing to research the spatio-temporal data model for stereoscopic warehouse.
Therefore, by setting the stereoscopic warehouse and its business process as the subjects of the study, this paper conducts a thorough research on data acquisition, analysis, modeling and optimization of business processes, with the help of system science and the objected-oriented spatio-temporal modeling technology. The main research contents and achievements are as follows.
(1) The elements and the basic processes of stereoscopic warehouse are described, and the expression, access methods and spatio-temporal characteristics of stereoscopic warehouse data objects are also elaborated. From the perspective of the business process and spatial-temporal characteristics, the data is classified and the classification system is established based on stereoscopic warehouse knowledge.
(2) Considering the problem of real-time acquisition and visualization of stereoscopic warehouse data, the data acquisition methods based on barcode, GPS/GPRS and Zigbee are investigated, the real-time acquisition and display of stereoscopic warehouse business data are implemented, and it will be useful for applications of the spatio-temporal data model for stereoscopic warehouse.
(3) According to data object characteristics of stereoscopic warehouse, the method which combines the event-described and object-oriented technology is used for stereoscopic warehouse data modeling. The elements of the warehouse and its relationship are analyzed, and an object-oriented spatial-temporal data model for stereoscopic warehouse is constructed.
(4) A modeling method for complex behavior of objects based on sequence of events is proposed by analysis the events of stereoscopic warehouse. The events, events links and events sequence are expressed by formal language, and a formal description template and specific description methods for complex behavior of objects are presented. The events are extracted and coded, and the spatio-temporal data organization and storage method is put forward.
(5) An application framework for spatio-temporal data model is proposed. Based on goods-picking, the warehouse picking system and operational objectives are analyzed in detail. Taking the spatial-temporal characteristics of the goods into account,, a dynamic scheduling scheme for stereoscopic warehouse picking is proposed, and the dynamic scheduling optimization model is constructed and validated.
(6) According to object-oriented software development method, a stereoscopic warehouse management information system based on spatial-temporal data model is developed, which describes the system development environment, the overall system architecture, database and the various functions, and implements the above functions at last. Through the system's practical application in the enterprise, not only the correctness of the spatial-temporal data model is verified, but also the solutions for warehouse management and enterprise decision are given.
The major contributions of this paper are as follows:
(1) The classification system of stereoscopic warehouse data based on stereoscopic warehouse knowledge is constructed. The spatio-temporal characteristics of stereoscopic warehouse elements are analyzed and expressed, and it is The foundation to construct stereoscopic warehouse spatial-temporal data model.
(2) Considering the spatio-temporal characteristics of stereoscopic warehouse, the event-driven and object-oriented stereoscopic warehouse spatial-temporal data model is constructed, in which mainly resolved data expression of various objects in stereoscopic warehouse and the description of their complex time and spatial relationships. In order to resolve the problems in dynamic behavior of stereoscopic warehouse objects using static model, a modeling method for complex behaviors of stereoscopic warehouse objects based on event-sequence is proposed. By the driving of events, the time, spatial and attribute operations of those objects and among those objects are implemented, and the data is updated.
(3) An application framework of spatio-temporal model is proposed. a dynamic scheduling scheme is presented, and it has taken the spatio-temporal characteristics of the goods for stereoscopic warehouse picking and the a dynamic scheduling optimization model into account; at last, the dynamic scheduling for picking operations is implemented.
仓库业务活动是一个典型的时空过程,对地理空间和时间存在较大的依赖。立体仓库是以高层立体货架为主体,以成套搬运设备为基础,以计算机控制技术为主要手段的高效率、大容量储藏系统,对时间和空间的依赖更为突出。伴随立体仓库业务的开展,货物频繁地发生入库、上架、转仓、下架、出库等事件,引发了货物时空状态的快速变化。同时立体仓库对业务变化的应对,导致了仓库储区的变化、货架储位的拆分合并,需要对库内外车辆进行实时监控、对业务流程加以实时优化,这些都加大了立体仓库管理的难度。伴随立体仓库规模的扩大以及立体仓库管理要求的提高,立体仓库业务运作需要大量时空信息的支持,如储位共享存储、储位调整、储位利用率分析、货物时空分布、货物出入库流量分析、货物实时盘库、车辆实时监控等。原有的MIS系统已经难以满足立体仓库新的需求,为了合理配置仓储资源、降低仓储成本、控制仓库业务流程,需要对立体仓库空间对象及其相互之间复杂的时空关系进行研究。综上,开展立体仓库时空数据模型的研究具有重要意义和迫切性。
因此本文以立体仓库及其业务为研究对象,运用系统科学的观点,采用面向对象的建模方法,对立体仓库时空数据建模及拣货动态优化进行了深入研究,主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)分析了立体仓库基本作业流程、组成对象及其时空特征。分别从业务流程和时空特征的角度进行了立体仓库数据的分类,建立了基于立体仓库知识的数据对象分类体系。
(2)系统论述了立体仓库数据对象的表现形式、获取方式。针对立体仓库数据实时获取和可视化问题,设计了基于条形码、GPS/GPRS、ZigBee技术的数据采集方法,实现了立体仓库业务数据和空间数据的实时采集与表达,为构建立体仓库时空数据模型提供了数据支撑。
(3)根据立体仓库数据对象的特点,采用事件描述与面向对象分析相结合的方法,分析了立体仓库组成对象及其之间的关系,构建了面向对象的立体仓库时空数据模型。
(4)分析了立体仓库事件,提出了基于事件序列的对象复杂行为建模方法。对事件、事件联系和事件序列进行了形式化定义,给出了描述对象复杂行为的规范形式化描述模板及具体描述方法。对立体仓库中的事件进行了抽取和编码,并给出了立体仓库时空数据的组织和存储方式。
(5)基于立体仓库时空数据模型提出了该数据模型的应用框架。以立体仓库拣货作业为切入点,详细分析了立体仓库拣货系统和作业目标,基于立体仓库时空数据模型,提出了一种顾及货物时空特征的立体仓库拣货作业动态调度方案,构建了动态调度优化模型并进行了验证。
(6)依据面向对象的软件设计方法,开发了基于时空数据模型的立体仓库管理信息系统。阐述了系统开发环境、整体系统架构、数据库设计以及系统的各种功能,并对上述功能进行了实现。通过信息系统在企业中的实际应用,验证了本文构建的立体仓库时空数据模型,同时也为立体仓库的管理和决策提供了解决方案。
本文具有如下创新之处：
(1)建立了基于立体仓库知识的仓库数据对象分类体系,运用时空观点系统地对立体仓库组成对象进行了时空特征的分析和表达,为构建立体仓库时空数据模型奠定了基础。
(2)针对立体仓库的时空特征,构建了面向对象的立体仓库时空数据模型,实现了立体仓库中各类对象的数据表达以及他们之间复杂的时间、空间关系描述。针对面向对象静态模型表达立体仓库对象动态行为的不足,提出了基于事件序列的立体仓库对象复杂行为建模方法,给出了事件、事件联系和事通序列的形式化定义,通过事件的驱动实现立体仓库对象及对象之间的时间、空间及属性行为的各种操作,完成了数据的更新。
(3)提出了立体仓库时空数据模型的应用框架,以立体仓库拣货动态调度为切入点,给出了一种顾及货物时空特征的立体仓库拣货动态调度方案。结合立体仓库拣货作业的实际情况设计了拣货动态调度优化模型,实现了立体仓库拣货作业动态调度。
The logistics industry is an important part of the national economy. As the artery of national economic development and the basic industries, its development has become the measure of a country's modernization level and an important indicator of comprehensive national strength. Operational efficiency and cost of storage system directly affected the efficiency and cost of logistics due to its important roles in logistics chain. With the social and economic development, the problem that the storage service-quality and storage efficiency can't meet the increasing needs of logistics for society becomes more and more prominent. How to reduce the storage cost and improve storage efficiency are the open topics and should be pay more attentions.
Warehouse operations are typical spatio-temporal process, which are dependent on geographical space and time greatly. Stereoscopic warehouse is a high-efficiency and high-capacity storage system, which is dependent on the time and space, is composed of high level rack, complete handling equipment and computing technology. With the rapid development of economic, the operational events of inbounding, shelving, outbounding, picking and stock transferring for goods happen frequently in warehouse and leading to spatio-temporal changes to goods. At the same time, the stereoscopic warehouse are vary with business changes leads to the changes in the layout of the warehouse, split and merger of shelf and slotting, the real-time monitoring and management of vehicles and business processes, which increases the difficulty for warehouse management. With the expansion of stereoscopic warehouse scale and increase of stereoscopic warehouse management requirements, the operations of stereoscopic warehouse needs a large amount of spatio-temporal information, such as the slot sharing, changing, utilization analysis, spatial and temporal distribution of goods, goods out of storage traffic analysis, real-time stocktaking of goods, real-time monitoring of vehicles, and so on. The existed MIS systems have difficult to meet new needs of stereoscopic warehouse. In order to allocating storage resources rationally, reducing storage costs and controlling the warehouse business process, it is necessary to analyze and model the objects of stereoscopic warehouse and their relations. So it is a meaningful thing to research the spatio-temporal data model for stereoscopic warehouse.
Therefore, by setting the stereoscopic warehouse and its business process as the subjects of the study, this paper conducts a thorough research on data acquisition, analysis, modeling and optimization of business processes, with the help of system science and the objected-oriented spatio-temporal modeling technology. The main research contents and achievements are as follows.
(1) The elements and the basic processes of stereoscopic warehouse are described, and the expression, access methods and spatio-temporal characteristics of stereoscopic warehouse data objects are also elaborated. From the perspective of the business process and spatial-temporal characteristics, the data is classified and the classification system is established based on stereoscopic warehouse knowledge.
(2) Considering the problem of real-time acquisition and visualization of stereoscopic warehouse data, the data acquisition methods based on barcode, GPS/GPRS and Zigbee are investigated, the real-time acquisition and display of stereoscopic warehouse business data are implemented, and it will be useful for applications of the spatio-temporal data model for stereoscopic warehouse.
(3) According to data object characteristics of stereoscopic warehouse, the method which combines the event-described and object-oriented technology is used for stereoscopic warehouse data modeling. The elements of the warehouse and its relationship are analyzed, and an object-oriented spatial-temporal data model for stereoscopic warehouse is constructed.
(4) A modeling method for complex behavior of objects based on sequence of events is proposed by analysis the events of stereoscopic warehouse. The events, events links and events sequence are expressed by formal language, and a formal description template and specific description methods for complex behavior of objects are presented. The events are extracted and coded, and the spatio-temporal data organization and storage method is put forward.
(5) An application framework for spatio-temporal data model is proposed. Based on goods-picking, the warehouse picking system and operational objectives are analyzed in detail. Taking the spatial-temporal characteristics of the goods into account,, a dynamic scheduling scheme for stereoscopic warehouse picking is proposed, and the dynamic scheduling optimization model is constructed and validated.
(6) According to object-oriented software development method, a stereoscopic warehouse management information system based on spatial-temporal data model is developed, which describes the system development environment, the overall system architecture, database and the various functions, and implements the above functions at last. Through the system's practical application in the enterprise, not only the correctness of the spatial-temporal data model is verified, but also the solutions for warehouse management and enterprise decision are given.
The major contributions of this paper are as follows:
(1) The classification system of stereoscopic warehouse data based on stereoscopic warehouse knowledge is constructed. The spatio-temporal characteristics of stereoscopic warehouse elements are analyzed and expressed, and it is The foundation to construct stereoscopic warehouse spatial-temporal data model.
(2) Considering the spatio-temporal characteristics of stereoscopic warehouse, the event-driven and object-oriented stereoscopic warehouse spatial-temporal data model is constructed, in which mainly resolved data expression of various objects in stereoscopic warehouse and the description of their complex time and spatial relationships. In order to resolve the problems in dynamic behavior of stereoscopic warehouse objects using static model, a modeling method for complex behaviors of stereoscopic warehouse objects based on event-sequence is proposed. By the driving of events, the time, spatial and attribute operations of those objects and among those objects are implemented, and the data is updated.
(3) An application framework of spatio-temporal model is proposed. a dynamic scheduling scheme is presented, and it has taken the spatio-temporal characteristics of the goods for stereoscopic warehouse picking and the a dynamic scheduling optimization model into account; at last, the dynamic scheduling for picking operations is implemented.
引文
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