莱索托大企业发展的问题研究
摘要
本文主要目的是确定困扰莱索托大型企业在私营经济中的制约因素与机遇，这是企业的主要特征，也是所面临的主要挑战。
在原始数据的搜集中，为了定义私营经济运行中关键的社会经济因素而对三十家私营企业进行了访问或问卷调查。在研究中对数据使用数据统计分析法，统计分析中使用定性分析的方式。数据分析法中采用了表格与图表等方式来分析其他的一些关键性因素，包括所有权，经营活动，租金，税务登记等。
研究的结果表明：（1）（私营企业）的构成-一个企业的成功与失败有赖于企业最初的构成；（2）社会文化因素—传统、习俗及语言障碍长久以来成为外资进入非洲的障碍，特别是莱索托；（3）区域贸易因素—私营经济投资一直是促进区域贸易发展的动力之一，但是依然面临着困难与挑战，并导致了商品与服务在进出口方面都出现了波动；（4）税务登记—向私营企业征收高额间接税费对于私营领域的投资而言是一个障碍。
研究结果表明,工资、工作条件差、高培训成本,和政治关系,对莱索托企业的技能短缺问题有很大的影响。
区域一体化和多元化的贸易成本的互动影响，例如，出口成本，出口时间，海关程序、金融深度，金融深化和体制，出口政策壁垒是解释莱索托出口产品高清晰风险率的自然框架
大企业想要竭尽全力从事每天基础并且不断在公司的最好的利益中行动。
每个行业部门都有一系列可以影响行业绩效的变数，当公司做裁定的时候公司位置、产品/服务的灵活性和容易进入市场是同样重要的。
The primary purpose is to determine the extent at which perceived opportunities andconstraints affecting Lesotho large enterprises in the private sector(key characteristics oflarge enterprises and key challenges).
In eliciting primary data, thirty(30)questionnaires are administered and personalinterviews are made to thirty(30)large enterprises for the purpose of identifying keysocio-economic factors that determine the operation of the private sector business. Datafrom the study is analyzed by the use of demographic and statistical approach. Thestatistical approach constitutes the use of tables, charts and percentages for the analysisof key indicators such as： ownership, business activities, rent registration etc.
The results indicate that：(1)Formation of private enterprises-the failure orsuccess of businesses depends on the initial formation of a business;(2)Socio-culturalfactor-tradition, custom, and language barriers had been long ago an obstacle for foreigninvestment in Africa, specifically Lesotho;(3)Regional trade factor-private sectorinvestment had been a developmental vehicle in stimulating regional trade, but yetfraught with difficulties and challenges that led to the variations of both imports andexports of goods and services;(4)Tax registration factor-imposing high indirect tax toprivate enterprises was indeed an obstacle in the sustainability and expansion in theprivate sector investment.
Results show that wages, poor working conditions, high training costs, and politicalconnections, these factors have huge impact on the skill shortages problem in Lesothoenterprises.are some of factors that contribute in the problem of skill shortages inLesotho enterprises.
The interaction effects between regional integration and diversity of trade costsshows, for instance, cost to export, time to export, customs procedures, financial depthand institutional and rule biases against exports are a natural framework for explainingthe clear high hazard rate for Lesotho exports.
Finally, in every business sector there is a set of variables that can influence theperformance and competitiveness of business. The location of a company, flexibility of goods/services offered and accessibility to markets are equally important when makingdecision for companies.
在原始数据的搜集中，为了定义私营经济运行中关键的社会经济因素而对三十家私营企业进行了访问或问卷调查。在研究中对数据使用数据统计分析法，统计分析中使用定性分析的方式。数据分析法中采用了表格与图表等方式来分析其他的一些关键性因素，包括所有权，经营活动，租金，税务登记等。
研究的结果表明：（1）（私营企业）的构成-一个企业的成功与失败有赖于企业最初的构成；（2）社会文化因素—传统、习俗及语言障碍长久以来成为外资进入非洲的障碍，特别是莱索托；（3）区域贸易因素—私营经济投资一直是促进区域贸易发展的动力之一，但是依然面临着困难与挑战，并导致了商品与服务在进出口方面都出现了波动；（4）税务登记—向私营企业征收高额间接税费对于私营领域的投资而言是一个障碍。
研究结果表明,工资、工作条件差、高培训成本,和政治关系,对莱索托企业的技能短缺问题有很大的影响。
区域一体化和多元化的贸易成本的互动影响，例如，出口成本，出口时间，海关程序、金融深度，金融深化和体制，出口政策壁垒是解释莱索托出口产品高清晰风险率的自然框架
大企业想要竭尽全力从事每天基础并且不断在公司的最好的利益中行动。
每个行业部门都有一系列可以影响行业绩效的变数，当公司做裁定的时候公司位置、产品/服务的灵活性和容易进入市场是同样重要的。
The primary purpose is to determine the extent at which perceived opportunities andconstraints affecting Lesotho large enterprises in the private sector(key characteristics oflarge enterprises and key challenges).
In eliciting primary data, thirty(30)questionnaires are administered and personalinterviews are made to thirty(30)large enterprises for the purpose of identifying keysocio-economic factors that determine the operation of the private sector business. Datafrom the study is analyzed by the use of demographic and statistical approach. Thestatistical approach constitutes the use of tables, charts and percentages for the analysisof key indicators such as： ownership, business activities, rent registration etc.
The results indicate that：(1)Formation of private enterprises-the failure orsuccess of businesses depends on the initial formation of a business;(2)Socio-culturalfactor-tradition, custom, and language barriers had been long ago an obstacle for foreigninvestment in Africa, specifically Lesotho;(3)Regional trade factor-private sectorinvestment had been a developmental vehicle in stimulating regional trade, but yetfraught with difficulties and challenges that led to the variations of both imports andexports of goods and services;(4)Tax registration factor-imposing high indirect tax toprivate enterprises was indeed an obstacle in the sustainability and expansion in theprivate sector investment.
Results show that wages, poor working conditions, high training costs, and politicalconnections, these factors have huge impact on the skill shortages problem in Lesothoenterprises.are some of factors that contribute in the problem of skill shortages inLesotho enterprises.
The interaction effects between regional integration and diversity of trade costsshows, for instance, cost to export, time to export, customs procedures, financial depthand institutional and rule biases against exports are a natural framework for explainingthe clear high hazard rate for Lesotho exports.
Finally, in every business sector there is a set of variables that can influence theperformance and competitiveness of business. The location of a company, flexibility of goods/services offered and accessibility to markets are equally important when makingdecision for companies.
引文
①发展规划与财政部，《莱索托私营经济能力建设计划》，就业成本指数非洲咨询会议，2006年3月。
②莱索托年鉴，莱索托王国经济概览，2008。
①(Wilson and Briscoe,2004).A.Wilson, Geoff Briscoe,2004, The Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth:AReview
②Gary S. Becker,1992, The economic way of looking at life
①Kwo.Dae-Bong, Human Capital and Its Measurement, The3rdOECD world forum on “statistics, knowledge andPolicy” charting progress, building visions, improving life, Busan Korea-27-30October2009
①A.Wilson and Geoff Briscose,2004, The Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth: A review
②Sicherman,1991;Galor1990
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