滑坡监测技术在输电线路在线监测系统中的应用
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摘要
中国要构建的统一坚强智能电网,必须以坚强的网架为基础,其中很重要的一点就是要改善电网的安全性,提高电网抵御自然灾害和外部破坏的能力。全国联网将覆盖我国大范围地区,输电线路受各种灾害的影响严重,尤其是滑坡灾害极大地威胁着电力系统的安全运行。输电作为智能电网中关键环节,对线路设备的状态监测就显得尤为重要。因此,开发一套输电线路在线监测系统,实现滑坡在线监测功能对电网工程的建设和安全运行,对智能电网的建设有重要意义。本文是作者在就读研究生期间对于输电线路在线监测系统滑坡监测技术的研究总结,主要成果包括:
(1)研究了符合输电线路在线监测工程应用的滑坡监测方法。在传统的累积位移监测方法的基础上进行优化,根据Kalman滤波后的累积位移数据计算斜坡下滑速度、加速度、下滑曲线切线角,判断滑坡稳定状态。
(2)针对国家电网对在线监测建立三级报警标准的要求,建立适当的三级阈值,将计算出的滑坡速度切线角与阈值比较,实现滑坡监测预警功能。
(3)提出了降雨对输电线路滑坡监测影响的研究方法。利用地区发生滑坡的情况、降雨强度、降雨历时,建立三者间的二元逻辑回归关系,并利用SPSS统计分析软件分析出二元逻辑回归表示式,研究出降雨对引发滑坡的影响度,提高监测预警的准确度和及时性。
(4)利用我国历史上发生的典型滑坡数据,对本文提出的输电线路滑坡监测模型进行验证,计算结果证明了本文监测模型的正确性。
(5)详细设计输电线路在线监测系统的滑坡监测功能。在数据库中建立了滑坡监测的模型,完成了前置系统功能的程序设计,实现了滑坡监测模型的监测告警功能,设计出滑坡监测、告警等功能的友好界面。
最后对上述研究成果进行了总结,提出了进一步研究的方向。
The construction of strong and unified smart grid in China, is the fundament of strong grid structure. One of the keys is to improve the grid security and to improve the ability of withstanding natural disasters and external damage. National network will cover a wide range of areas in China, and transmission lines are severely affected by various disasters, especially landslide. Developing a transmission line online-monitoring system and realization the landslide online-monitoring function, are important for the construction and safe operation of the smart grid. The related studies of landslide monitoring of transmission line online-monitoring system are presented in this paper.
(1) A landslide monitoring method for transmission line online-monitoring engineering is studied. According to that, the new optimized method based on the traditional accumulate displacement method is proposed. In order to judge the stable states of landslides, the speed, acceleration and curve tangent angle are calculated with the accumulate diplacements after Kalman filtering.
(2) According to the requirement of establishing 3-levels alarm standard that the State Grid proposed, the 3-levels threshold is established. By comparing the speed tangent angle of landslide with the threshold, it can realize the function of landslide monitoring and alarming.
(3) A method to study rainfall’s influence on transmission line landslide monitoring is described. The SPSS software is used to build the binary logistic relationship among landslide numbers, rainfall and rainfall time. With the binary logistic expression, the rainfall’s influence on landslide can be studied, and it greatly improves the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring and alarming.
(4) The landslide monitoring model in this paper is verified according to the typical landslide data. The results prove the correctness of the monitoring model.
(5) The landslide monitoring function of transmission line monitoring system is designed detailedly. The landslide monitoring model is built in the database system, the front end processing function, the landslide monitoring and alarming function are realized. The designed interfaces are friendship.
Finally, the results of the above researches are concluded, and direction for further study is proposed.
(1)研究了符合输电线路在线监测工程应用的滑坡监测方法。在传统的累积位移监测方法的基础上进行优化,根据Kalman滤波后的累积位移数据计算斜坡下滑速度、加速度、下滑曲线切线角,判断滑坡稳定状态。
(2)针对国家电网对在线监测建立三级报警标准的要求,建立适当的三级阈值,将计算出的滑坡速度切线角与阈值比较,实现滑坡监测预警功能。
(3)提出了降雨对输电线路滑坡监测影响的研究方法。利用地区发生滑坡的情况、降雨强度、降雨历时,建立三者间的二元逻辑回归关系,并利用SPSS统计分析软件分析出二元逻辑回归表示式,研究出降雨对引发滑坡的影响度,提高监测预警的准确度和及时性。
(4)利用我国历史上发生的典型滑坡数据,对本文提出的输电线路滑坡监测模型进行验证,计算结果证明了本文监测模型的正确性。
(5)详细设计输电线路在线监测系统的滑坡监测功能。在数据库中建立了滑坡监测的模型,完成了前置系统功能的程序设计,实现了滑坡监测模型的监测告警功能,设计出滑坡监测、告警等功能的友好界面。
最后对上述研究成果进行了总结,提出了进一步研究的方向。
The construction of strong and unified smart grid in China, is the fundament of strong grid structure. One of the keys is to improve the grid security and to improve the ability of withstanding natural disasters and external damage. National network will cover a wide range of areas in China, and transmission lines are severely affected by various disasters, especially landslide. Developing a transmission line online-monitoring system and realization the landslide online-monitoring function, are important for the construction and safe operation of the smart grid. The related studies of landslide monitoring of transmission line online-monitoring system are presented in this paper.
(1) A landslide monitoring method for transmission line online-monitoring engineering is studied. According to that, the new optimized method based on the traditional accumulate displacement method is proposed. In order to judge the stable states of landslides, the speed, acceleration and curve tangent angle are calculated with the accumulate diplacements after Kalman filtering.
(2) According to the requirement of establishing 3-levels alarm standard that the State Grid proposed, the 3-levels threshold is established. By comparing the speed tangent angle of landslide with the threshold, it can realize the function of landslide monitoring and alarming.
(3) A method to study rainfall’s influence on transmission line landslide monitoring is described. The SPSS software is used to build the binary logistic relationship among landslide numbers, rainfall and rainfall time. With the binary logistic expression, the rainfall’s influence on landslide can be studied, and it greatly improves the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring and alarming.
(4) The landslide monitoring model in this paper is verified according to the typical landslide data. The results prove the correctness of the monitoring model.
(5) The landslide monitoring function of transmission line monitoring system is designed detailedly. The landslide monitoring model is built in the database system, the front end processing function, the landslide monitoring and alarming function are realized. The designed interfaces are friendship.
Finally, the results of the above researches are concluded, and direction for further study is proposed.
引文
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[36]许强,曾裕平.具有蠕变特点滑坡的加速度变化特征及临滑预警指标研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1099-1105.
[37]孙强,胡秀宏,王媛媛等.两种应变软化介质组成的边坡失稳研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(4):976-980.
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[2]李威,丁杰,姚建国.智能电网发展形态探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(2):24-28.
[3]倪敬敏,何光宇,沈沉等.美国智能电网评估综述[J].美国智能电网评估综述,2010,34(8):9-14.
[4] M.Godoy Simoes,R.Roche,E.Kyriakides.Smart-grid technologies and progress in Europe and the USA[C].Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,2011:383-390.
[5]刘振亚.建设坚强智能电网支撑又好又快发展[J].电网与清洁能源,2009,25(9):1-3.
[6]刘振亚.智能电网技术[M].中国电力出版社,2010.
[7]全国地质灾害通报.中国地质环境监测院,2011.
[8]严福章,吴利华,苗胜昆.二滩自贡输电线凉山州段地质灾害分析与对策[J].能源技术经济,2010,22(1):31-36.
[9]陈生元,李青文.750kV输电线路官东线青海境内地质灾害原因分析及处理[J].青海电力,2008,27(2):44-47.
[10]何永东.输电线路工程地质灾害事故的预防和整治管理[J].凉山大学学报,2003,5(1):25-30.
[11] Fukuzono T.Recent studies on time prediction of slope failure[J].Science,1989,243:200-203.
[12] Voight B.A method for prediction of volcanic eruption.Nature,1988,332:125-130.
[13] Voight B.A relation to describe rate dependent material failure.Science,1989,243:200-203.
[14]陈明东,王兰生.边坡变形破坏的灰色预报方法[C].全国第三次工程地质大会,1988:1226-1233.
[15]晏同珍.滑坡动态规律及预测应用[C].全国第三次工程地质大会,1988:707-713.
[16]李天斌.滑坡实时跟踪预报概论[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(4):17-22.
[17]李远耀.三峡库区渐进式库岸滑坡的预测预报研究[D].中国地质大学:2010.
[18]黄润秋,许强.突变理论在工程地质中的应用[J].工程地质学报,1993:65-73.
[19]王明秋,蔡耀军等.滑坡监测数据处理预报软件研究及应用[J].水力发电,1998,(4):49-51.
[20]李东山,黄润秋,许强等.三峡库区滑坡综合预报系统的设计与实现[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,14(2):24-27.
[21]刘化冰.基于GIS技术的滑坡监测及预测研究[D].西南交通大学:2004.
[22]文海家.基于GIS的滑坡灾变智能预测系统及应用研究[D].重庆大学:2004.
[23]李彦荣.基于GIS的滑坡预测预报系统开发及应用研究[D].成都理工大学:2003.
[24]张桂荣.基于WEBGIS的滑坡灾害预测预报与风险管理[D].中国地质大学:2006.
[25]盛戈皞,江秀臣,曾奕等.架空输电线路运行和故障综合监测评估系统[J].高电压技术,2007,33(8):183-186.
[26]黄新波,孙钦东,张冠军等.在线监测和GIS用于输电线路管理系统[J].高电压技术,2007,33(6):118-122.
[27]汪江,杜晓峰,田万军等.500kV大跨越输电塔振动在线监测与模态分析系统[J].电网技术,2010,34(10):180-184.
[28]康会西,李宏斌,张清扬等.输电线路综合在线监测系统设计[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,26(5):27-34.
[29]范伦.高压输电线路导线综合在线监测研究[D].北京交通大学:2011.
[30]刘畅.输电线路在线监测技术研究[D].华北电力大学:2010.
[31]杨巍巍.输电线路状态在线监测系统终端-数据采集处理平台的设计及实现[D].上海交通大学:2007.
[32]曾裕平.重大突发性滑坡灾害预测预报研究[D].成都理工大学:2009.
[33] Petley,D.N.,Higuchi.The analysis of global landslide risk through the creation of a database of worldwide landslide fatalities[C].Landslide Risk Management,2005:367-374.
[34] Rose,N.D & Hungr.Forecasting potential rock slope failure in open pit mines using the inverse-velocity method[J].International Joural of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,44:308-320.
[35]杜鹃,殷坤龙,柴波.基于诱发因素响应分析的滑坡位移预测模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1-7.
[36]许强,曾裕平.具有蠕变特点滑坡的加速度变化特征及临滑预警指标研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1099-1105.
[37]孙强,胡秀宏,王媛媛等.两种应变软化介质组成的边坡失稳研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(4):976-980.
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