电液伺服阀静动态综合特性计算机辅助测试系统的研发
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摘要
计算机辅助测试(Computer Aided Test)技术是电子计算机技术与常规测试系统相结合的一门综合性技术。电液伺服阀静、动态特性指标的测试在工业生产中有着极为重要的意义。计算机辅助测试技术的兴起和应用，为电液伺服阀性能测试开辟了广阔的发展前景。
燕山大学液压综合实验台是一个大型的液压测试系统，本系统由国家液压元件质量监督检测中心研制开发；其中，电液伺服阀的性能测试部分由燕山大学自己开发。我们在该实验台伺服阀液压回路的基础上，利用目前流行的LabVIEW软件，完成了电液伺服阀静、动态特性计算机辅助测试系统的研发。
本系统涉及的相关理论主要有数据采集与处理、信号与系统、数字信号处理、自动控制、仪器仪表、电工电子、液压传动、液压伺服控制、机械加工等。针对FF102型伺服阀进行了静、动态特性测试，并对测试结果进行了分析。
在动态测试方面，分别测试了伺服阀频率特性、阶跃响应特性。并在频率特性的测试中，我们用扫频法、统计法两种方法进行了测试。在伺服阀静态特性方面，完成了伺服阀的压力增益特性、空载流量特性、负载流量特性及泄漏特性的测试。与传统测试方法相比，采用LabVIEW软件开发电液伺服阀静、动态测试系统，使本测试系统实现了自动化。
该套软件人机界面友好，程序结构清晰，易于阅读与维护。在实验过程中所需的全部激励信号，采用LabVIEW软件编程结合采集卡硬件进行开发。节省了实际物理仪器，大幅度降低了系统成本，大大缩短了实验时间。
The technology of Computer Aided Test is a comprehensive technology which is combined with common testing technology. Electro-hydraulic servo valve test is of very importance in industrial production. The application of computer-aided test provides a brilliant future for characteristic test of servo valve and the technology of virtual instruments brings CAT into a new developing stage.
The Yanshan University hydraulic pressure comprehensive test bedstand is a large hydraulic pressure test system which is developed by National hydraulic component detecting center. In the whole system, servo valve characteristic test is finished by us. On the basis of test bedstand hydraulic loop, we’ve developed the servo valve static and dynamic state characteristic test system by mean of software LabVIEW which is very popular now.
The relevant theories include data acquisition and processing, signal and system, digital signal processing, automatic control, instruments and electronics, hydraulic transmission and control, machining etc. Statistic and dynamic state Characteristic of FF102 servo valve is tested and its results are analyzed.
In electro-hydraulic servo valve dynamic state characteristic test, frequency characteristic and step response characteristic are tested. frequency sweeping and statistics are applied in frequency characteristic test. In static state characteristic test, pressure gain characteristic, runoff characteristic with load, runoff characteristic without load and leakage characteristic are completed. Compared with the conditional testing method, the application of LabVIEW software in the electro-hydraulic servo valve dynamic and static state characteristic test system automates this testing system.
The interface of LabVIEW is friendly and program structure is clear and easy to maintain. During the course of the test, all the stimulating signals are made by LabVIEW software programming which is combined with data acquisition card. Through these configurations, the whole test saves real instruments, decreases the cost and shortens the test time greatly.
燕山大学液压综合实验台是一个大型的液压测试系统，本系统由国家液压元件质量监督检测中心研制开发；其中，电液伺服阀的性能测试部分由燕山大学自己开发。我们在该实验台伺服阀液压回路的基础上，利用目前流行的LabVIEW软件，完成了电液伺服阀静、动态特性计算机辅助测试系统的研发。
本系统涉及的相关理论主要有数据采集与处理、信号与系统、数字信号处理、自动控制、仪器仪表、电工电子、液压传动、液压伺服控制、机械加工等。针对FF102型伺服阀进行了静、动态特性测试，并对测试结果进行了分析。
在动态测试方面，分别测试了伺服阀频率特性、阶跃响应特性。并在频率特性的测试中，我们用扫频法、统计法两种方法进行了测试。在伺服阀静态特性方面，完成了伺服阀的压力增益特性、空载流量特性、负载流量特性及泄漏特性的测试。与传统测试方法相比，采用LabVIEW软件开发电液伺服阀静、动态测试系统，使本测试系统实现了自动化。
该套软件人机界面友好，程序结构清晰，易于阅读与维护。在实验过程中所需的全部激励信号，采用LabVIEW软件编程结合采集卡硬件进行开发。节省了实际物理仪器，大幅度降低了系统成本，大大缩短了实验时间。
The technology of Computer Aided Test is a comprehensive technology which is combined with common testing technology. Electro-hydraulic servo valve test is of very importance in industrial production. The application of computer-aided test provides a brilliant future for characteristic test of servo valve and the technology of virtual instruments brings CAT into a new developing stage.
The Yanshan University hydraulic pressure comprehensive test bedstand is a large hydraulic pressure test system which is developed by National hydraulic component detecting center. In the whole system, servo valve characteristic test is finished by us. On the basis of test bedstand hydraulic loop, we’ve developed the servo valve static and dynamic state characteristic test system by mean of software LabVIEW which is very popular now.
The relevant theories include data acquisition and processing, signal and system, digital signal processing, automatic control, instruments and electronics, hydraulic transmission and control, machining etc. Statistic and dynamic state Characteristic of FF102 servo valve is tested and its results are analyzed.
In electro-hydraulic servo valve dynamic state characteristic test, frequency characteristic and step response characteristic are tested. frequency sweeping and statistics are applied in frequency characteristic test. In static state characteristic test, pressure gain characteristic, runoff characteristic with load, runoff characteristic without load and leakage characteristic are completed. Compared with the conditional testing method, the application of LabVIEW software in the electro-hydraulic servo valve dynamic and static state characteristic test system automates this testing system.
The interface of LabVIEW is friendly and program structure is clear and easy to maintain. During the course of the test, all the stimulating signals are made by LabVIEW software programming which is combined with data acquisition card. Through these configurations, the whole test saves real instruments, decreases the cost and shortens the test time greatly.
引文
1 雷天觉, 杨尔庄, 李寿刚.新编液压工程手册.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1999:3-6
2 王春行.液压伺服控制.北京:机械工业出版社,1990:1-2
3谭尹耕.液压实验设备与测试技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996:157-206, 111-114,125-129
4王燕山, 王益群, 姜万录.虚拟仪器技术在液压CAT中的应用.第一届全国流体动力及控制工程学术会议论文集.秦皇岛,2000,(8):42-45
5葛红娟, 魏晓斌, 范亚忠.液压元件试验台的计算机测控.数据采集与处理,1996,11(4):276-278
6王牧野, 王莉.电液伺服阀的计算机控制与性能测试实验系统.沈阳工业大学学报,1997,(4):27-28
7 刘小山, 唐振杰.电液伺服阀(FF105)计算机辅助测试系统,液压与气动,2001,(2):32-35
8 韩云台.测试技术基础.北京:国防工业出版社,1990:130-147
9 熊诗坡.液压测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1992:56-60
10 D.J.awnsley, D.M.Hummels, B.E.Segee. Virtual Instrument Bus Using Network Programming. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement echnology Conference, 1997:694-699
11 Djurovic Igor, Stankovic Ljubisa. Virtual instrument for time-frequency analysis. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 486 Dec,1999,(12): 1086-1092
12 王春行.液压控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1995:81-87
13 王燕山.基于虚拟仪器的电液伺服阀静动态特性CAT理论与实验研究.[燕山大学工学硕士论文].2000:3-4, 28-34,56-61
14 吴正毅.测试技术与测试信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1991:134-137,186-234
15 椭圆齿轮流量计LC系列说明书.合肥仪表总厂,1999
16 向春梅, 张家琛, 马芳梅等.电液伺服阀动态特性的研究.热力发电,1996(6):60-65
17 陈奎生.高精度电液伺服阀动态、静态特性测试系统.武汉冶金科技大学学报,1997,(2):37-38
18 肖凯明, 白志大.电液伺服阀静动态特性CAT和故障诊断应用.液压与气
动,1999,(5):16-19
19 刘正华, 何将三.机械电子学.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999:60-69
20陈奎生.高精度电液伺服阀动态、静态特性测试系统.武汉冶金科技大学学报,1997,20(2):333~338
21 曹玲芝.现代测试技术及虚拟仪器.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:15-22
22 Dorst.Norma LabVIEW5.1 Sensors(Peterborough,NH),1999,(16):76-81
23 刘君华.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:6-8
24 Jamal.Rahman Applicability of the visual programming language LavVIEW to large real-world applications IEEE Symp Visual Languages,Proc 2000:42-55
25 Swain.Nikunjak, Anderson.James Remote Data Acquisition,Control and Analysis using LabVIEW Front Panel and Real Time Engine IEEE Region IEEE Jamaica Proceedings IEEE SoutheastCon2003”Bridging the Digtal Divide” Ocho Rios,St.Ann,Jamaica,2003,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2003:1-6
26 K.Mok Aloysius, Stuart Douglas. RTL Semantics for LabVIEW. IEEE Aerospace Applications Conference Proceedings,1998:61-71
27 Turley.Russ,Wright.Matthew Developing engine test software in LabVIEW IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference,1997:89-93
28 K. McQuiston Barbara. Virtual Instruments for Use in Test Systems Development AUTOTESTCON(Proceedings),1993:639-642
29 C.C. Ko, B.M. Chen, S.H. Chen. A Large Scale Web-based Virtual Oscilloscope Laboratory Experiment, IEE Engineering Science and Education Journal.2000,9(2):69-76
30 LabVIEW User Manual. National Instruments,1998:50-116
31 石博强.LabVIEW6.1编程技术实用教程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:32-39
32 LabVIEW Data Application Basics Manual. National Instruments.1998:60-89
33 Robert h.Bishop LabVIEW6i实用教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2000:87-90
34 杨乐平.LabVIEW高级程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:98-107
35 王益群, 阳含和.控制工程基础.北京:机械工业出版社,1994:110-118
36 王向周, 王渝, 白志大.电液伺服阀动态性能测试的谱分析法研究.北京理工大学学报,1997,17(3):301~304
37 邵时.微机接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2000:103-112
38 Heinrichs.G,Rongen.h,Jamal.R LabVIEW for sensor data acpuisition,Trends in Analytical Chemistry,1999,18:19-23
39 Young.Richard LabVIEW:A modern data acquisition system in an introductory mechanics Computer Standards and Interfaces,1999,20:77-98
40 Ince, Firat. A PC based data acquisition and signal processing system for measuring the baroreceptor sensitivity. Proc. IASTED Internat. Conf. Sign. Proces. Pattern Recogn. Appl. Rhodes, Greece, 2003.Int. Assoc. of Science and Technology for Development,2003:93-97
41 A. Bhandari, M.H. Shor, Access to an instructional control laboratory experiment through the World Wide Web, in:Proceeding of the 1998 American Control Conference, Philadelphia,1998:1319-1325
42 马明建, 周长城.数据采集与处理技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:234-235 209-212
43 汤晓安.一种对虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW进行功能扩展的方法 计算机自动测量与控制,2000,(6):30-36
44 魏海燕, 杨建新.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器开发.机械工程师,2000,(4):45-50
45 刘君华, 贾惠芹, 丁晖等.虚拟仪器图形化编程语言LabVIEW教程.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:83-85
46 朱铮涛, 李扬.应用虚拟仪器技术实现液压系统状态监测.机械开发,1998,(4):32-37
47 K.S.H. Sadek, A. Daadbin. Improved cam profiles for high-speed machinery using polynomial curve fitting. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering,1990,204(E2):127-132
48 Shirer.DonaldL LabVIEW6i adds internet features to data acquisition environment Computing in Science and Engineering,2001,3(5):67-89
49 National Instruments Corp. Signal Processing Toolset Reference Manual. Austin, Texas USA,1999,(1):25-85
50 李英波, 李连平, 张建民.电液伺服阀频率特性的单片机测试系统.机床与液压,1996,(3):39-41
51 Toledo.J,Muller.H,Buytaert.J A plug and approach to data acquisition IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science ,2000,9(4):215-232
52 Fortino Giancarlo, Nigro Libero. Multimedia networking-based approach to the development of distributed virtual instruments. IEEE Instrumentation and
Measurement Technology Conference,1999:1863-1867
53 马建明.数据采集与处理技术 西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:50-78
54 Ozkul.Tarik Estimating Acquisition Loop Time for Time-Critical Real-Time Data Acquisition Applications for the Purpose of Selecting Appropriate Hardware and Software Journal of Systems and Software,1997,37(5):690-684
55 戴敬, 王世立.LabVIEW基础教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2002:3-20,157-164
56 张易之.虚拟仪器的设计与实现.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002:205-256
57 李壮云, 葛宜远,陈饶明.液压元件与系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998:196-209
58 洪添胜, 李永刚, 罗锡文.LabVIEW中数据采集动态链接库的设计及应用.计算机自动测量与控制.2000,8(4):21-25
2 王春行.液压伺服控制.北京:机械工业出版社,1990:1-2
3谭尹耕.液压实验设备与测试技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996:157-206, 111-114,125-129
4王燕山, 王益群, 姜万录.虚拟仪器技术在液压CAT中的应用.第一届全国流体动力及控制工程学术会议论文集.秦皇岛,2000,(8):42-45
5葛红娟, 魏晓斌, 范亚忠.液压元件试验台的计算机测控.数据采集与处理,1996,11(4):276-278
6王牧野, 王莉.电液伺服阀的计算机控制与性能测试实验系统.沈阳工业大学学报,1997,(4):27-28
7 刘小山, 唐振杰.电液伺服阀(FF105)计算机辅助测试系统,液压与气动,2001,(2):32-35
8 韩云台.测试技术基础.北京:国防工业出版社,1990:130-147
9 熊诗坡.液压测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1992:56-60
10 D.J.awnsley, D.M.Hummels, B.E.Segee. Virtual Instrument Bus Using Network Programming. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement echnology Conference, 1997:694-699
11 Djurovic Igor, Stankovic Ljubisa. Virtual instrument for time-frequency analysis. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 486 Dec,1999,(12): 1086-1092
12 王春行.液压控制系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1995:81-87
13 王燕山.基于虚拟仪器的电液伺服阀静动态特性CAT理论与实验研究.[燕山大学工学硕士论文].2000:3-4, 28-34,56-61
14 吴正毅.测试技术与测试信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1991:134-137,186-234
15 椭圆齿轮流量计LC系列说明书.合肥仪表总厂,1999
16 向春梅, 张家琛, 马芳梅等.电液伺服阀动态特性的研究.热力发电,1996(6):60-65
17 陈奎生.高精度电液伺服阀动态、静态特性测试系统.武汉冶金科技大学学报,1997,(2):37-38
18 肖凯明, 白志大.电液伺服阀静动态特性CAT和故障诊断应用.液压与气
动,1999,(5):16-19
19 刘正华, 何将三.机械电子学.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1999:60-69
20陈奎生.高精度电液伺服阀动态、静态特性测试系统.武汉冶金科技大学学报,1997,20(2):333~338
21 曹玲芝.现代测试技术及虚拟仪器.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:15-22
22 Dorst.Norma LabVIEW5.1 Sensors(Peterborough,NH),1999,(16):76-81
23 刘君华.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2003:6-8
24 Jamal.Rahman Applicability of the visual programming language LavVIEW to large real-world applications IEEE Symp Visual Languages,Proc 2000:42-55
25 Swain.Nikunjak, Anderson.James Remote Data Acquisition,Control and Analysis using LabVIEW Front Panel and Real Time Engine IEEE Region IEEE Jamaica Proceedings IEEE SoutheastCon2003”Bridging the Digtal Divide” Ocho Rios,St.Ann,Jamaica,2003,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc,2003:1-6
26 K.Mok Aloysius, Stuart Douglas. RTL Semantics for LabVIEW. IEEE Aerospace Applications Conference Proceedings,1998:61-71
27 Turley.Russ,Wright.Matthew Developing engine test software in LabVIEW IEEE Systems Readiness Technology Conference,1997:89-93
28 K. McQuiston Barbara. Virtual Instruments for Use in Test Systems Development AUTOTESTCON(Proceedings),1993:639-642
29 C.C. Ko, B.M. Chen, S.H. Chen. A Large Scale Web-based Virtual Oscilloscope Laboratory Experiment, IEE Engineering Science and Education Journal.2000,9(2):69-76
30 LabVIEW User Manual. National Instruments,1998:50-116
31 石博强.LabVIEW6.1编程技术实用教程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:32-39
32 LabVIEW Data Application Basics Manual. National Instruments.1998:60-89
33 Robert h.Bishop LabVIEW6i实用教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2000:87-90
34 杨乐平.LabVIEW高级程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:98-107
35 王益群, 阳含和.控制工程基础.北京:机械工业出版社,1994:110-118
36 王向周, 王渝, 白志大.电液伺服阀动态性能测试的谱分析法研究.北京理工大学学报,1997,17(3):301~304
37 邵时.微机接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2000:103-112
38 Heinrichs.G,Rongen.h,Jamal.R LabVIEW for sensor data acpuisition,Trends in Analytical Chemistry,1999,18:19-23
39 Young.Richard LabVIEW:A modern data acquisition system in an introductory mechanics Computer Standards and Interfaces,1999,20:77-98
40 Ince, Firat. A PC based data acquisition and signal processing system for measuring the baroreceptor sensitivity. Proc. IASTED Internat. Conf. Sign. Proces. Pattern Recogn. Appl. Rhodes, Greece, 2003.Int. Assoc. of Science and Technology for Development,2003:93-97
41 A. Bhandari, M.H. Shor, Access to an instructional control laboratory experiment through the World Wide Web, in:Proceeding of the 1998 American Control Conference, Philadelphia,1998:1319-1325
42 马明建, 周长城.数据采集与处理技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:234-235 209-212
43 汤晓安.一种对虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW进行功能扩展的方法 计算机自动测量与控制,2000,(6):30-36
44 魏海燕, 杨建新.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器开发.机械工程师,2000,(4):45-50
45 刘君华, 贾惠芹, 丁晖等.虚拟仪器图形化编程语言LabVIEW教程.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:83-85
46 朱铮涛, 李扬.应用虚拟仪器技术实现液压系统状态监测.机械开发,1998,(4):32-37
47 K.S.H. Sadek, A. Daadbin. Improved cam profiles for high-speed machinery using polynomial curve fitting. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering,1990,204(E2):127-132
48 Shirer.DonaldL LabVIEW6i adds internet features to data acquisition environment Computing in Science and Engineering,2001,3(5):67-89
49 National Instruments Corp. Signal Processing Toolset Reference Manual. Austin, Texas USA,1999,(1):25-85
50 李英波, 李连平, 张建民.电液伺服阀频率特性的单片机测试系统.机床与液压,1996,(3):39-41
51 Toledo.J,Muller.H,Buytaert.J A plug and approach to data acquisition IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science ,2000,9(4):215-232
52 Fortino Giancarlo, Nigro Libero. Multimedia networking-based approach to the development of distributed virtual instruments. IEEE Instrumentation and
Measurement Technology Conference,1999:1863-1867
53 马建明.数据采集与处理技术 西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:50-78
54 Ozkul.Tarik Estimating Acquisition Loop Time for Time-Critical Real-Time Data Acquisition Applications for the Purpose of Selecting Appropriate Hardware and Software Journal of Systems and Software,1997,37(5):690-684
55 戴敬, 王世立.LabVIEW基础教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2002:3-20,157-164
56 张易之.虚拟仪器的设计与实现.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002:205-256
57 李壮云, 葛宜远,陈饶明.液压元件与系统.北京:机械工业出版社,1998:196-209
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